RU2490454C1 - Method for open-underground mining of thick steep coal bed - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: method includes erection of a horizontal working site at a ledge of a working board of a cut, assembly of mechanisation facilities on it, extraction of coal with these mechanisation facilities aside from the working site by means of performance of extraction chambers, leaving proportionate chamber-to-chamber pillars in the layer and between the layers, release of broken coal in these chambers to a temporary warehouse or for loading into a vehicle. Mechanisation facilities are a tunnelling machine and a self-propelled car, coal is extracted in the upper layer - with horizontal chambers transversely to bed stretching, in all subsequent ones in the descending order - with horizontal chambers along bed stretching with diagonal stopes. Transition from a layer to a layer is carried out by means of arrangement of an inclined mine and formation of a bypass chamber in it, rocks broken in process of inclined mine and bypass chamber arrangement is placed in the mined space, the inclined mine and the bypass chamber of the first underlying layer downstream the working site are arranged as open, and all further ones - as underground.

EFFECT: higher efficiency and safety of mining of a thick steep coal bed with an open and underground method.

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Description

The invention relates to mining, in particular to open-underground mining of powerful steeply inclined coal seams in horizontal layers from the ledge of the side of the coal mine using mobile mechanization tools, usually used in underground mining.

There is an open method for the development of coal seams, including opening the seam by removing gangue deposits lying above the coal seam, constructing a working site, installing mining equipment, loosening and subsequent coal mining, loading it into a vehicle, and transporting it outside the mine [1]. The disadvantage of this method is that when a coal section reaches its maximum depth, coal reserves concentrated within the boundaries of the mining allotment of the section, but beyond its contour (in the contour zone of the section) in the form of an opened powerful steeply inclined seam extending into the side of the section, cannot be removed by means mechanization of open cast mining.

There is also known a method of open-underground mining of powerful steep-dipping coal seams, adopted as a prototype, including preliminary preparation of the front of treatment works, by constructing a working platform along the strike line of the formation on the ledge of the side of the section associated with the exit of the formation, installation on the working platform of the deep development complex (GGRP), the extraction of coal in the layers of this complex, away from the work site by conducting diagonal parallel workings of a rectangular cross section, leaving proportional pillars, both between adjacent workings of a layer, and between layers, the delivery of beaten-out coal for development to a work site and loading it into a vehicle or into a temporary warehouse [2].

The disadvantages of the method are:

- increased coal losses in the subsoil due to the increased difficulty of fitting the hydraulic fracturing equipment into the changing parameters of the coal seam, the need to leave the upper or lower (depending on the physical properties of the coal and the rocks of the roof and soil of the reservoir) packs due to the limited capacity taken out by the hydraulic fracturing machine;

- a high likelihood of accidents of the working face due to the significant outcrop of roofing rocks and the lack of roof fastening in the workings.

These shortcomings reduce the safety and efficiency of the development of powerful steeply inclined coal seams by the method of open-underground mining.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the safety and efficiency of developing a powerful steeply inclined coal seam by open-underground mining by increasing the completeness of extraction of reserves by layer-by-layer coal extraction by mobile means of mechanizing underground sewage treatment and securing the roof with a lining of preparatory workings.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the method of open-underground mining of a powerful steeply inclined coal seam, including the construction of a horizontal working platform along the strike line on the ledge of the working side of the cut associated with the exit of the coal seam, installing mechanization means on it, excavating coal with these mechanization tools aside from the working site by holding excavation chambers with the provision of proportionate interchamber pillars, both in the layer and between the layers, and the delivery of beaten coal through these chambers for a temporary a treasure formed on a work site or loaded onto a vehicle uses a roadheader and a self-propelled car as mechanization means; coal is mined in horizontal layers, and in the upper layer — horizontal chambers oriented crosswise to the formation, in all subsequent downstream order - horizontal cameras oriented along the strike of the formation, with diagonal approaches oriented at an angle of 120 ... 135 degrees to the axis of the camera, the transition from layer to layer is carried out on whose site, by performing inclined working and forming a workout chamber at the level of each of the subsequent layers, the rock beaten during the work of working out and a workout chamber, the rock is placed in the worked out space of the worked layers, and the length of the diagonal run takes no more than the length of the combine, the inclined work and the camera-warm-up of the first underlying working area of the underlying layer is carried out open, and all subsequent ones - underground.

The invention is illustrated by diagrams. Figure 1 shows a diagram of the extraction of coal in horizontal chambers at the level of the working platform and the preparation of the first underlying layer; figure 2 is a diagram of the placement of equipment on the work site (plan view); figure 3 diagram of the preparation and development of the first underlying layer after the working platform and the preparation of the next underlying layer.

The method can be implemented as follows. On the ledge of the side of the coal mine, associated with the output of a powerful steeply inclined formation, a horizontal working platform 1 is constructed along the line of the strike of the formation to the length of the extraction block. Combine 2 frontal actions across the lines of the strike of the formation take out coal in a number of short horizontal chambers (3, 4, 5, etc.), cut along the line of strike of the formation at the level of the working platform 1 along the entire length of the extraction block, thereby forming a worked out space for rock placement (layer at the level of the working platform). Chipped coal by a self-propelled carriage 6 is delivered to a hopper-reloader 7 for loading into a vehicle 8 or to a temporary warehouse built on the same working platform. The height of the horizontal chamber is taken equal to the permissible height recommended for the combine 2.

At the end of the coal extraction, in all chambers cut within the extraction block at the level of the working platform, a combine harvester 2, cutting it into the soil of the working platform, near the coal seam and approximately in the middle of the length of the mining block, conduct open inclined excavation 9 to the soil level of the first underlying layer 10 , where a warm-up camera is formed 11. In this case, a proportional pillar is left between the layer at the level of the working platform and the first underlying layer. An inclined drainage well 12 is drilled from the bottom of the warm-up chamber 11 towards the worked out space of the section 12. The rock that was broken during production 9 and the warm-up chamber 11 is transported by a self-propelled wagon 6 to the working platform and unloaded into the worked out space of one of the horizontal chambers (3, 4, 5 etc.). Then the combine 2 at an angle to the strike line of the formation is cut into the working board to the coal seam and then, smoothly turning it in a horizontal plane, a horizontal excavation chamber 13 is held at the hanging side of the formation to the boundary of the extraction unit. At the same time, the exposed roof of the formation is fastened with anchor support 14, the beaten-off coal by the self-propelled carriage 6 is delivered through the excavation chamber 13 to the workout chamber 11, where it is unloaded into the hopper-reloader 7 for subsequent loading into the vehicle 8; the ventilation of the extraction chamber 13 is carried out by the local ventilation fan 15 using the stav of ventilation pipes 16.

At the boundary of the extraction block, the holding of the extraction chamber 13 is stopped and the extraction of coal begins in diagonal feedings 17, 18, 19, etc., cut by the combine 2 from the extraction chamber 13 from the lying side of the formation. The length of the diagonal entry take no more than the length of the combine, orient the entry at an angle of 120 ... 135 degrees to the axis of the extraction chamber 13, and security pillars 20, 21, etc. are left between adjacent entries.

After the extraction of coal in all possible entries from the extraction chamber 13, the combine 2 is returned to the warm-up chamber 11, from which the extraction chamber 22 is carried out similarly to the chamber 13, but to the other side. Then, diagonal cuts are cut from the extraction chamber 22 to extract coal remaining in the layer 10.

After practicing all possible diagonal entries in the layer 10 from the warm-up chamber 11, underground mining 23 is carried out, extending the mine 9 to the soil level of the next underlying layer 24, where the next warm-up chamber 25 is built. The broken rock is stored in the worked-out space of layer 10 or transported by development 9 to the working platform 1, where it is placed in the worked-out space of horizontal chambers 3, 4, 5, etc. Excavation 23 and the camera-warm-up 25 are secured by the support of underground mine workings. Then proceed to the excavation chamber 26, and then to the extraction of coal in diagonal entries, similarly as described above. Then spend the extraction chamber 27 and repeat the operations of the extraction cycle to the boundary of the extraction unit. And so on, to the boundary of the mining allotment of the section by the fall of the formation or to the limit of economic feasibility of further development of this formation.

Through the use of mobile means of mechanization, the time and labor costs for installation and dismantling work are reduced, the intensity of coal seam mining and labor productivity are increased, and coal losses in the bowels are reduced. By attaching the roof of a layered drift with anchor support, the safety of coal mining is increased. All of the above indicates an increase in the efficiency and safety of developing a powerful steeply inclined coal seam by an open-underground method, i.e. to achieve the objective of the invention.

Information sources

1. Bokiy B.V. Mining, Moscow, Ugletekhizdat, 1953, p. 516-522 (analogue).

2. Netsvetaev A.G., Repin L.N., Sokolovsky A.V. Coal mining technology using deep seam mining complexes / Coal, November, 2004, pp. 41-43 (prototype).

Claims (1)

The method of open-underground mining of a powerful steeply inclined coal seam, including the construction of a horizontal working platform on the ledge of the working side of the section associated with the exit of the coal seam along the strike line, installation of mechanization means on it, excavation of coal by these mechanization means away from the working platform by excavation chambers with the provision of proportional interchamber pillars, both in the layer and between the layers, and the delivery of beaten coal through these chambers to a temporary warehouse formed on the working platform, and and for loading into a vehicle, characterized in that a tunneling machine and a self-propelled carriage are used as mechanization means, coal extraction is carried out in horizontal layers, and in the upper layer - horizontal chambers oriented crosswise to the formation, in all subsequent ones in a descending order - horizontal cameras oriented along the strike of the formation, with diagonal approaches oriented at an angle of 120 ... 135 ° to the axis of the camera, the transition from layer to layer is carried out at the working site by the formation of the inclined working and the formation in it of a warm-up chamber at the level of each of the subsequent layers, the rock beaten during the inclined work and the warm-up chamber is placed in the worked-out space of the worked layers, and the length of the diagonal run is taken no more than the length of the combine, the inclined work and the camera-turn the first after the working platform of the underlying layer is carried out open, and the subsequent underground.

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