RU2131784C1 - Grain cleaner pneumatic separating device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering; cleaning of loose materials by air stream. SUBSTANCE: grain cleaner has two pneumatic separating systems with settling chambers, pneumatically separating and air outlet channels, cross-flow fan with suction port and discharge branch pipe installed between separating channels, charging devices located in walls of pneumatically separating channels, grain discharge and admixture discharge devices. Discharge branch pipe of cross-flow fan is mated with first aspiration pneumatically separating channel, and suction port of cross-flow fan is placed in communication through bypass channel with first aspiration settling chamber in zone of entry of light admixture flow, and with second aspiration settling chamber in zone of curvilinear latticed settler. Control shutters are installed in place of connection with settling chambers. Hinge spring-loaded plates are installed, with their end faces mating with vertical planes, in grain discharge device of first aspiration. Other end faces are in contact with curvilinear surface of mating of fan discharge branch pipe and pneumatically separating channel. EFFECT: enhanced quality of grain cleaning. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention is intended for the separation of bulk materials using air flows and can be used in agricultural production, in the milling and elevator and animal feed industries for cleaning and sorting grain.

 Known air systems of grain cleaning machines (ZOM), including a fan and two suction, each of which has a pneumatic separating channel with a feeding device and a sedimentation chamber. At the same time, the channels process the grain mixture with a suction stream twice: before it enters the sieve mill and after it leaves | 1 |.

 The disadvantage of these machines is the high energy intensity of the pneumatic separation process, since the dust leaving the pneumatic systems is cleaned of dust in centralized air systems (CVCs) or cyclones with high aerodynamic drag. In addition, the above ZOM can only work in stationary conditions.

 A pneumatic separating device of a grain cleaning machine is known, including settling chambers, two closed aspiration systems with a diametrical fan installed between these systems, the fan suction window being connected to the settling chamber of the first aspiration system, and the discharge window to the air supply channel of the second aspiration system, feeding and unloading devices | 2 |.

 A disadvantage of the known device is also the significant energy consumption of the pneumatic separation process, since dusty air is cleaned in a dust separator (filter) having a high aerodynamic drag. In addition, part of the dust through the pores of the filter can flow out, which affects the sanitary and hygienic conditions of the staff. Another disadvantage of the device is the inability to control the air velocity in aspiration systems independently of each other, which leads to a decrease in the quality of separation products. In addition, the device has a complex ramified aspiration network, which increases the metal consumption, complicates the design and operation of the machine.

 The closest in technical solution and the achieved result to the proposed invention is a pneumatic separating device of a grain cleaning machine, including two pneumatic separating systems with settling chambers, pneumatic separating channels, a diametrical fan with a suction pipe connected to a settling chamber of the second pneumatic separation system, and a discharge pipe connected to the air supply pipe first pneumatic separation system, loading devices located in the walls pneumatic separation channels, devices for the removal of grain and impurities | 3 |.

 This pneumatic separating device of a grain cleaning machine is similar in design to the above described air systems of grain cleaning machines. The presence in the prototype of an additional air (bypass) channel does not provide independent control of the air flow rate in pneumatic separation systems, which leads to a decrease in the quality of separation products, complicating the design and operation of the machine. Therefore, this machine, the ongoing processes in which are similar to the processes occurring in the analogue, has the same disadvantages as the analogue.

 The essence of the proposed development is that for a known pneumatic separating device of a grain cleaning machine, the blower nozzle of the fan is connected to the pneumatic separating channel of the first aspiration, and the suction window of the fan communicates through the bypass channel with the sedimentation chamber of the first aspiration in the zone where the light impurities flow and the sedimentation chamber of the second aspiration in the area of the curvilinear louvre precipitator, and at the place of communication in the sedimentary chambers, adjusting dampers are installed, and in In order to remove grain from the first aspiration, articulated spring-loaded planes are installed adjacent to the vertical planes and adjacent to the curved surface of the interface between the discharge pipe of the fan and the air-separating channel.

 As a result of the analysis of literary sources, no identical execution of the proposed device was found. Moreover, distinctive features from the prototype signs give the claimed combination of new properties, manifested in a positive effect.

 The installation of the diametrical fan in such a way that its discharge pipe is directly connected to the air separation channel of the first aspiration causes a decrease in the metal consumption of the machine and the aerodynamic resistance of the air separation device.

 The presence of the bypass channel provides independent control of the air velocity in the sedimentation chambers of the first and second aspiration due to the change in the cross section of the bypass channel with the help of the adjustment flaps and with the flow of part of the air directly into the suction zone of the fan. In addition, the bypass channel causes a decrease in the aerodynamic drag of the system and a decrease in the cost of generating air flow.

 Further, due to the fact that the suction zone of the fan communicates with the sedimentation chambers of the first and second aspiration, part of the air is removed through the bypass channel, as a result of which the speed of impurities decreases and their deposition in the sedimentation chambers improves, which ultimately affects the cleaning effect of the processed material.

 The execution of the wall of the discharge pipe in its lower part in the form of a grate prevents injury to the outflowing grain material from the loading window by the blades of the diametrical fan and helps to liquefy the air entering the sieve of the grain, which improves the quality of its cleaning.

 The articulated spring-loaded planes installed in the device for withdrawing grain from the first aspiration adjacent to the vertical planes form cavities for the accumulation of grain, which excludes the entry of grain onto the curved surface of the interface between the discharge pipe of the fan and the air separation channel, and also eliminates air outflow when the cleaned grain is removed, due to which improves hygiene conditions for staff. When these planes are located with their ends facing the curved surface of the interface between the discharge pipe of the fan and the air separation channel, the best aerodynamic characteristics of the diametrical fan are obtained.

 As a result, when the proposed device is operating, a positive effect is achieved that significantly exceeds the effect of the prototype. A new set of features of the claimed device, providing a positive effect specified in the purpose of the invention, has significant differences.

 The drawing shows the proposed pneumatic separation device of a grain cleaning machine, where the arrows show the movement of grain heap, air flow, impurities, cleaned grain after the first and second aspiration.

 The pneumatic separating device of the grain cleaning machine, including two pneumatic separating systems, consists of a diametrical fan 1 installed between the pneumatic systems, pneumatic separating channels 2 and 3, air exhaust 4 and air supply 5 channels, loading devices 6 and 7 located in the walls of channels 2 and 3, output devices grain 10 and 11, as well as impurities 12 and 13, settling chambers 8 and 9. in the settling chamber 9, a louvered plane 24 is installed for more efficient deposition of dusty impurities. The discharge pipe of the diametrical fan 1 is paired with a pneumatic separating channel 2, and the bypass channel 14 is formed congruently thereto, formed by a wall 15 adjacent to the fan suction window 15, ending in the grille 17 in the lower part opposite to the loading window 6, and an additional wall 16 installed in the suction zone of the diametrical fan 1 and ending with the adjustment flap 22 in the settling chamber of the second aspiration in the area of the curved louvered precipitator 25, with the wall 16 passing into the air wall ootvodyaschego channel 4 terminates in an adjusting valve 23 in the settling chamber 9, the first suction - in the zone admission light impurities. In the device for outputting grain 10, there are pivotally spring-loaded planes 18 adjacent to the vertical planes 19, which abut against the curved surface of the interface 20 of the discharge pipe of the fan 1 with the air separation channel 2.

 Pneumatic separating device of a grain cleaning machine operates as follows.

 The grain material to be cleaned is loaded with a loading device 6 into the pneumatic separation channel 2 of the first aspiration system, in which light impurities are separated and carried away by the air stream created by fan 1 into the settling chamber 9, where they are deposited and removed by the mechanism 13 outside the machine. Purified from light impurities, the air from the settling chamber 9 is supplied through the air supply channel 5 to the air separation channel 3 of the second aspiration. To prevent injury to the cleaned fraction of the material by the wheel blades of the diametrical fan 1, the wall 15 of the air separation channel 2 ends in the lower part opposite the loading window 6 with a grill.

 From the pneumatic separation channel 2, the grain, purified from light impurities, is fed by a device 10 to a sieve mill (not shown), after processing on which the grain mixture is loaded by a charging device 7 into the pneumatic separation channel 3 of the secondary cleaning system.

 In the channel 3, beaten and punctured grains are carried out from the grain mixture by air flow, which enter the settling chamber 8, are deposited in it and removed outside the machine by the mechanism 12. The cleaned grain is discharged outward by the device 11, and the air cleaned from impurities from the settling chamber 8 again enters into fan 1 and is pumped into the air separation channel 2.

 The optimal values of the air velocities in the pneumatic separating channels 2 and 3 are independently controlled by turning the curved damper 21 and the adjusting flaps 22 and 23. First, the required air velocity in the pneumatic separating channel 3 of the second aspiration system is set by changing the passage through the suction window of the fan 1 by turning the shutter 21 Further, in order to ensure the required air velocity in the pneumatic separating channels 2 and 3 of the first and second aspiration systems, slonki 23 and 22 are respectively set to the desired position. In this case, the passage section of the bypass channel 14 and part of the air in the settling chamber 9 from the zone of entry of light impurities are changed, and in the settling chamber 8 from the zone of the curved louvered precipitator 25 flows directly into the suction zone of fan 1. At the same time, due to the removal of part of the air directly from settling chambers improves the deposition of emitted impurities in them.

 The advantage of the invention in comparison with the prototype is to improve the quality of cleaning grain material, reducing the specific energy consumption of the process of pneumatic separation and metal consumption of the machine and improving the sanitary-hygienic working conditions.

Literature
1. Oknin V. S., Gorbachev N. V., Terekhin A. A., Soloviev V. M. Machines for post-harvest grain processing. - M.: Agropromizdat, 187 - 238 p.

 2. A. p. 860889 USSR, MKI 3 B 07 B 4/02 Pneumo-separating device of a grain cleaning machine / Н. P. Sychugov, A.I. Burkov, N.I. Grabelsky, A.N. Kremnev and A.A. Gehtman (USSR), N 2859266/29 03: Claimed 06.11.79 // Discovery. Inventions 1981. N 33.

 3. A. p. 1488030 USSR, MKI 4 B 07 B 4/02 Pneumo-separating device of a grain cleaning machine (Polunin Yu.P., Grabelkovsky A.N., Gekhtman N.N., Efremov V.N., Shamshev A.I., Vorotnikov B.I. ., Sychugov N.P., Burkov A.I., Zholobov N.V. (USSR) Discoveries, Inventions, 1989.

Claims (1)

 A pneumatic separating device for a grain cleaning machine, including two pneumatic separating systems with settling chambers, pneumatic separating and air supplying channels, a diametrical fan with a suction window and a discharge pipe installed between pneumatic separating systems, unloading devices located in the walls of the pneumatic separating channels, devices for removing grain and that the discharge pipe of the fan is paired with a pneumatic separating channel of the first aspirate and the suction window of the fan communicates through the bypass channel with the sedimentation chamber of the first aspiration - in the zone of entry of the flow of light impurities and with the sedimentation chamber of the second aspiration - in the area of the curved louvered precipitator, and control valves are installed in the place of communication with the sedimentary chambers, and in the device for grain withdrawal from the first aspiration installed adjacent ends to the vertical planes articulated spring planes adjacent other ends to the curved surface of the mating blower nozzle with pneumoseparating channel.