RU2194580C2 - Grain cleaning machine for cleaning and fractionation of grain material - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: grain cleaning equipment. SUBSTANCE: machine has receiver, closed pneumatic system with cross-flow fan, charging window, air supplying channel and settling chamber. Feeding device is mounted in receiver. Supercharging branch pipe of cross-flow fan is joined through adjustable baffle-type member of feeding device to inclined pneumatic separating channel. Charging window is formed in upper wall of channel and devices for receiving grain material separation products are positioned in lower part of channel, in opposed relation to charging window. Rotary surfaces are pivotally fixed to walls of separation product receiving devices. Suction window of cross-flow fan is communicated with feeding device through baffle-type wall and with discharge devices of separation product receiving devices through dust discharge channel. EFFECT: improved quality of cleaning grain material, reduced power consumption and metal usage and improved working conditions. 1 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for cleaning and sorting grain materials, and can be used in the milling and elevator and animal feed industry.

 There is a known machine for preliminary cleaning of grain MPO-50, the closed pneumatic system of which consists of a diametrical fan, an air supply channel with a damper designed to control air velocity, a pneumatic separation channel with a device for introducing the processed grain mixture into it and outputting purified grain, a sedimentary chamber with a device for removing light impurities [1].

 The main disadvantage of this machine is that when processing grain material, it does not separate the refined grain into fractions of the first, second grade, as well as crushed, punctured, and crushed grain, which is a valuable feed product for farm animals.

 In addition, when the machine is operating in the zone of input of the processed grain mixture into the pneumatic separation channel, excessive (increased) static pressure of the air flow is created, which leads to the release of part of the air with dust through the air duct leaks into the environment. This circumstance worsens the sanitary and hygienic conditions of the staff.

 Another disadvantage of the known device is that the valve installed in the air supply duct has relatively large transverse dimensions. This causes intense turbulent air movement before and after the damper, as a result of which the uniformity of the air flow, which affects the quality of cleaning of the grain material, deteriorates. To equalize the air flow after the damper, an extended air supply channel is used in the air system. This increases the resistance of the air system and, accordingly, increases the energy consumption of the process of pneumatic separation of grain, and also increases the metal consumption of the machine.

 The closest technical solution and the achieved result to the proposed invention is a grain cleaning machine, comprising a receiving part with a feeding device, a closed pneumatic system with a diametrical fan, a pneumatic separating channel, in the upper wall of which a loading window is made, an air supply channel with an air flow and sedimentary chamber regulator [2 ] is the prototype.

 This machine has the same device as the analogue, and therefore the processes occurring in it are similar to the processes occurring in the analogue. Accordingly, this grain cleaning machine has the same disadvantages as the analogue.

 The essence of the proposed development is that for a known grain cleaning machine, the discharge pipe of the diametrical fan is connected through an adjustable louvre sieve of the feeding device with an inclined pneumatic separating channel, in the lower part of which, opposite the loading window, there are receivers of grain separation products, on the walls of which rotary joints are pivotally mounted plane, and the suction window of the diametrical fan communicates with the supply device through the louver Ku and unloading devices receivers separation pyleotvodyaschy grain material through the channel formed by the wall, the wall of the fan case congruent.

 As a result of the analysis of literary sources, no identical execution of the proposed device was found. Moreover, distinctive features from the prototype signs give the claimed combination of new properties, manifested in a positive effect.

 The installation of the diametrical fan in such a way that its discharge pipe is directly mated through an adjustable louvre sieve with an inclined pneumatic separating channel causes a decrease in the machine’s metal consumption and the aerodynamic resistance of the pneumatic system.

 The presence of an adjustable louvre sieve of the feeding device facilitates liquefaction of the grain material, increases the porosity of the material layer and thereby improves the uniformity of the distribution of the grain material across the width of the inclined pneumatic separating channel. This circumstance improves the quality of the pneumatic separation process. In addition, due to the fact that the grills are adjustable, this allows you to create the optimal structure of the air flow when processing various types of crops without the use of an additional throttle.

 The presence of receivers for separating grain material (receivers of grains of the first, second grades and crushed, beaten, punctured grains) allows you to separate the source grain material into three fractions by air flow, and articulated rotary planes mounted on the walls of the receivers allow better control of the process of separation of the source material into fractions .

 Further, as a result of the fact that the suction window of the fan communicates with the feeding device through the louvre wall and with the unloading devices of the receivers for separating grain material through the dust removal channel formed by the wall, the congruent wall of the fan housing, dusty air is removed from the feeding device and from the grain unloading zone of the first , the second grades and crushed, beaten, puny grain. This eliminates the outward discharge of dusty air through leaks in the air path. This circumstance improves the sanitary and hygienic working conditions of the staff.

 As a result, when the proposed device is operating, a positive effect is achieved that significantly exceeds the effect of the prototype, and a new set of features of the claimed device, which provides a positive effect, has significant differences.

 The drawing shows a grain cleaning machine for cleaning and fractionation of grain material, where the arrows show the movement of grain material, air flow, impurities and the output of grain fractions. It consists of a receiving part in which a feeding device is installed, a closed pneumatic system with a diametrical fan 1, the discharge pipe of which is connected through an adjustable louvre sieve 2 of the feeding device 3 with an inclined pneumatic separating channel 4, in the upper part of which a loading window is made, and in the lower part - opposite the loading window are receivers 5, 6, 7 for outputting grains of the first, second grade and crushed, punctured, broken grain, respectively. Unloading devices 8, 9, 10 are installed in the lower part of the receivers. At the outlet of the pneumatic separating channel 4, a sedimentation chamber 11 is located with an unloading device 12. The output of the sedimentation chamber 11 is connected through the air supply channel 13 to the suction window 14 of fan 1. In addition, the suction window 14 the fan 1 communicates through the louvered wall 15 with the feed device 3, as well as with the discharge devices 8, 9, 10 of the grain separation products through the dust removal channel 16 formed by the wall 17, congruent to the housing 18 of the fan 1. Unloading devices The devices 9 and 10 with the dust removal channel 16 are connected through the side channels (not shown in the diagram). On the walls 19, 20, 21 of the receivers 5, 6 and 7 are mounted pivotally mounted rotary planes 22, 23 and 24.

 Grain-cleaning machine for cleaning and fractionation of grain material works as follows.

 The source grain material is fed by a feeding device 3 to an adjustable louvre grill 2, on which it is blown with the help of the air flow pumped by the fan 1. In the inclined air separation channel 4, the grain to be cleaned is divided into fractions. The trajectories of the particles of the processed material depend on the windage coefficient. The most complete grains (first grade), which are characterized by a maximum speed of soaring and a steeply descending trajectory, fall into the receiver 5, are collected in it and displayed by the unloading device 8 outside the machine. Less full grains with a lower speed of rotation (second grade) have hollow falling motion paths and fall into the receiver 6 for refined grain and similarly are discharged by the unloading device 9 outside the machine. Crushed, punctured, crushed grains having the lowest critical speed of soaring are carried to the upper part of the air separation channel 4. Since the air separation channel is made expanding in the direction of air movement, the air flow rate decreases and becomes less than the speed of the crushed, punctured and broken grain (feed fraction). As a result, under the influence of gravity, these grains move down and fall into the receiver 7 and are discharged by the unloading device 10 outside the machine. Light impurities are carried by air flow into the sedimentation chamber 11, deposited in it and discharged by the discharge device 12 outside the machine. The exhaust air enters through the air supply duct 13 into the suction window 11 of the fan 1, which again feeds it into the air separation duct 4 through the adjustable louvre grill 2.

 The quality of separation of the cleaned grain material into fractions is regulated using pivotally fixed rotary planes 22, 23 and 24. The speed and the choice of the optimal air flow structure are controlled using an adjustable louvre grill 2. Dusty air from the supply device 3 is sucked out by the fan 1 through the louvered wall 15, and also from the zone of the unloading devices 8, 9 and 10 of the grain separation products along the dust removal channel 16.

 The advantage of the invention in comparison with the prototype is to improve the quality of cleaning of grain material, separation into fractions, reduction of specific energy consumption of pneumatic separation and metal consumption of the machine and improvement of sanitary and hygienic working conditions of staff.

Literature
1. Machines for post-harvest grain processing. / B.C. Oknin, N.T. Gorbachev, A.A. Terekhov, V.M. Soloviev. - M: Agropromizdat. - 1987.-238 p.

 2. A. p. 848088 USSR MKI 3 V 07 V 4/00 Grain-cleaning machines. / V.D. Oleinikov, N.I. Grabelkovsky, A.A. Gehtman, V.V. Antyuhin. - 2778497 / 29-03; Stated 06/11/79 // Discoveries. Inventions - 1981. - 27.

Claims (1)

 Grain-cleaning machine for cleaning and fractionation of grain materials containing a receiving part, a closed pneumatic system with a diametrical fan, a loading window, an air supply channel and a sedimentary chamber, characterized in that a receiving device is installed in the receiving part, the discharge pipe of the diametrical fan is interfaced through an adjustable louvre sieve of the feeding device with an inclined pneumatic separating channel, in the upper wall of which a loading window is made, and in the lower part, opposite ruzochnogo window located receivers separation products of grain material, the walls of which are articulated swivel plane, wherein a suction flow fan box communicated with the supply device via tambour wall and unloading devices receivers separation of the grain material through pyleotvodyaschy channel formed by wall congruent wall of the fan housing.