RU2119565C1 - Functional joint - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: bridge building industry. SUBSTANCE: functional joint is made up of channel bars, rods, filler made of elastic material. Web of upper channel bar is located flush with upper edge of bridge span structures and covers clearance between them. Two lower channel bars or one lower channel bar are rigidly fastened in bridge span structures and embrace flanges of upper channel bar. Upper channel bar through its flanges and web rests respectively on walls and flanges of lower channel bars. Spaces of lower channel bars are filled with elastic material. Rods are rigidly secured by their ends on flanges of upper channel bar and are passing through flanges of lower channel bars with possibility of horizontal displacement relative to them. In another version rods freely pass through flange of upper channel bar and are rigidly secured by their ends on flanges of lower channel bar. Other flange of upper channel bar is rigidly secured in adjacent span structure. At increasing or reducing clearance between span structures, rods together with upper channel bar displace as frame in elastic material relative to lower channel bars, and at one side they extend elastic material and at other side they compress elastic material, thus bringing entire system of components of functional joint into equalized condition. In other version similarly created are extending and compressing stresses in elastic material which compensate each other when upper channel bar slides in direction of horizontal rods. Achieved in this case is smoothness of road pavement in area of functional joint and this is combined with high strength of joint and prolonging its service life. EFFECT: higher efficiency. 4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the construction and can be used for the installation of expansion joints in the road surface of the skeleton.

 The prior art design of expansion joints between road plates, which contain elastic (elastic) parts and rigid elements. The expansion joint of split spans of a road bridge (SU copyright certificate N 988951, IPC E 01 D 19/06, E 01 D 19/06, E 01 C 11/00, 15.01.83) contains an elastic gap filling between abutting spans, continuous coverage of the carriageway from taxotropic material placed on adjacent spans. Anchors are located in the coating, each of which is fixed at one end to one of the superstructures, and its other end is located in the coating above the adjacent superstructure. Reinforcing bars are laid on the anchors parallel to the seam.

If the coating in this design is made of concrete based on bitumen binders, then the metal reinforcement that performs the supporting function cannot provide elastic stretching of the coating, which leads to damage to the expansion joint. If asphalt concrete or cement is used as a thixotropic coating, then cracks form in the coating at low temperatures (-20 ^o C and below). Water and dirt falling into these cracks, their alternate freezing and thawing during operation can lead to complete destruction of the coating. In addition, the reinforcement will corrode from water penetrating cracks.

 Also known is the expansion joint in the road flooring of the bridge according to the application JP N 61-22685, IPC E 01 C 11/02, E 01 D 19/06, 1986, which has a frame to which fasteners are attached in the form of a sheller. Inside the frame at a right angle to the longitudinal axis of the bridge vertically placed steel thin plates. In a state where the steel plates are elongated by tensile forces, the formed cavities between the steel plates are filled with elastic material. In the absence of effort, the elastic material is compressed.

 The fastening of vertical plates to the channel at alternating torsional stresses cannot ensure the long-term operation of such a design at low temperatures. The design of this expansion joint allows vertical movement of the elements of the joint when exposed to a load, which causes an additional dynamic effect on the bordering of the weld and abutting spans of the bridge and reduces the service life of the expansion joint.

 Closest to the claimed is the expansion joint of the bridge according to the application JP N 54-32251, IPC E 01 C 11/12, 1979. It contains inelastic parts between which elastic elements are located. The device has horizontal rigid elements in the form of plates that overlap the gap between the spans. The ends of these rigid elements extend into inelastic parts with the possibility of horizontal movement of at least one of them. Hollow parts of rigid material are attached to the rigid elements, in which a filler (shock absorber) of elastic material is placed, which is in contact with the rigid element and the upper and lower cavity of the hollow part in contact with the top and bottom. This device provides equal pavement regardless of temperature deformations. But the strength and service life of such an expansion joint are low, since under the influence of the load, damage to elastic elements is possible (cut by the edges of inelastic elements). In addition, this design allows vertical movement of the seam elements, thereby causing long-term dynamic loads on the seam elements and abutting spans and thereby reducing the strength of the seam.

 The objective of the invention is that along with the evenness of the road surface in the area of the expansion joint to provide high strength expansion joint and its long service life.

 The problem is solved as follows: in the expansion joint of split spans according to the first embodiment, including inelastic parts, rigid horizontal rectilinear elements, for example, in the form of plates connected to inelastic parts, and a filler of elastic material in contact with the rigid elements at the top and bottom, according to Inelastic parts of the invention are made in the form of an upper and two lower channels, framing the upper shelves, while the wall and shelves of the upper channel are supported, respectively, on the shelves and the bottom of the channel, and the wall of the upper channel is flush with the upper edge of the spans and overlaps the gap between them, and the lower channels are fixed on the spans, in addition, the rigid elements are made in the form of rods passing through the shelves of the lower channels with the possibility of horizontal movement relative to them , and are rigidly attached by their ends to the shelves of the upper channel, and the filler is placed in the cavities of the lower channels, in contact with their wall of the upper channel, and is rigidly attached to the shelves of neither They sills.

 According to the second embodiment, in the expansion joint of the split spans of the road bridge, including inelastic parts, rigid horizontal straight elements, for example, in the form of plates connected to inelastic parts and a filler of elastic material, contacting the top and bottom with rigid elements, according to the invention, inelastic parts are made in the form of two channels, the upper and lower, framing one of the shelves of the upper channel, while this shelf and the wall of the upper channel are based on a tenk and one of the shelves of the lower channel, the other shelf of the upper channel and the wall of the lower channel are rigidly fixed to adjacent spans, and the wall of the upper channel is flush with the upper edge of the spans and overlaps the gap between them, in addition, the rigid elements are made in the form of rods freely passing through the shelf of the upper channel and rigidly attached by their ends to the shelves of the lower channel, and the filler is placed in the cavity of the lower channel, in contact with its wall and the wall of the upper channel and rigidly attached to the shelves of the lower channel.

The claimed solution differs from the prototype in the first embodiment in that:
- inelastic parts are made in the form of three channels: the upper and two lower,
- lower channels frame the corresponding shelves of the upper channel,
- shelves of the upper channel rest on the walls of the lower channels,
- the wall of the upper channel rests on the corresponding shelves of the lower channels,
- the wall of the upper channel is flush with the upper edge of the spans and overlaps the gap between them,
- rigid elements are made in the form of rods,
- lower channels are rigidly fixed to spans,
- rigid elements pass through the shelves of the lower channels with the possibility of horizontal movement relative to them,
- the ends of the rigid elements are attached to the shelves of the upper channel,
- the filler is placed in the cavities of the lower channels,
- the filler is in contact with the walls of the channels and is rigidly attached to the shelves of the lower channels.

In the second embodiment, the claimed solution is characterized in that:
- inelastic parts are made in the form of two channels: the upper and lower,
- the lower channel frames one of the shelves of the upper, resting on the wall of the lower channel,
- another shelf of the upper channel is fixed to the span,
- the wall of the upper channel is flush with the upper edge of the spans, overlapping the gap between them, and rests on one of the shelves of the lower channel.

- the lower channel is rigidly fixed to one of the spans,
- rigid elements are made in the form of rods freely passing through the shelf of the upper channel,
- the ends of the rods are rigidly attached to the shelves of the lower channel,
- the filler is placed in the cavity of the lower channel,
- the filler is in contact with the wall of the lower channel and is rigidly attached to its shelves.

 As you know, when the ambient temperature changes (decrease or increase), the gap between spans increases or decreases accordingly. Spans are trying to break or compress the expansion joint, which usually leads to the formation of cracks, to the destruction of the seam. In the inventive designs, the cavities of the lower channels are filled with elastic material in contact with their walls and shelves, moreover, the elastic material is rigidly attached to the shelves. With an increase in the gap or a decrease in the upper channel (in the first embodiment), together with the rods, rigidly fixed on its shelves and freely passing through the shelves of the lower channels, as a frame, it moves in the elastic material relative to the lower channels (in the second embodiment, the upper channel slides in the elastic material relative to and in the direction of horizontal rods rigidly fixed on the shelves of the lower channel and freely passing through the shelf of the upper channel). As a result, tensile and compressive stresses arise in each cavity of the lower channels in the elastic material, which compensate each other and bring the entire system of elements of the expansion joint into equilibrium. In addition, this design of the seam, when the walls and shelves of the channels (upper and lower in the first embodiment or upper and lower in the second embodiment) are supported against each other, and horizontal rods are rigidly fixed to the walls of the corresponding channels, excludes vertical movements of all elements of the seam vertical loads (during the passage of the load on the roadway). This, in turn, increases the strength and service life of the seam, maintains the evenness of the road surface, provided by rigid inelastic elements in the form of channels (the wall of one of which is flush with the upper edge of the carriageway, and the support with the shelves against each other gives rigidity to the road surface in place expansion joint).

 Both variants of the expansion joint solve the same problem posed by the invention in the same way: moving inelastic parts under the action of tensile or compressive forces, bringing the entire system of joint elements into equilibrium. Therefore, they (both proposed options) form a single whole and are combined into one invention.

 In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the expansion joint according to the first embodiment; FIG. 2 - the same as in the second embodiment.

 The expansion joint contains an upper metal channel formed by wall 1 and shelves 2, 3, as well as two lower channels with walls 4, 5 and corresponding shelves 6, 7, 8, 9 (Fig. 1) or one lower channel with wall 4 and shelves 6, 7 (Fig. 2). The seam also has rigid horizontal elements 10, which are made in the form of metal rods, but can also be made in the form of plates. The cavities of the lower channels, bounded by the shelves 6, 7 and the wall 4, the shelves 8, 9 and the wall 5, are filled with elastic material, for example, rubber 11. The wall 1 of the upper channel is flush with the upper edge 12 of the span 13, 14. This wall 1 overlaps the gap between the spans 13, 14. The walls 4, 5 of the lower channels are anchored with anchors 15, 16, which are monolithic in concrete. The ends of the walls 6, 8 coincide with the upper edge 12 of the spans 13, 14, and the shelves of channels 2, 3, 7, 9 (Fig. 1) and in FIG. 2 shelves 2, 7 are made of the same size. Their height is less than the height of the walls 6, 8 (Fig. 1) or 6, 9 (Fig. 2) by the wall thickness of 1, 4, 5. therefore, the upper channel is supported by the wall 1 on the shelves 7, 9 (Fig. 1) or on the shelf 7 (Fig. 2), and shelves 2, 3 on the walls 4, 5 (Fig. 1) or shelf 2 on the wall 4 (Fig. 2) of the lower channels. According to the first embodiment (Fig. 1), holes 17 are made in the shelves 7, 9, through which the rods 10 pass freely, and their ends are rigidly fixed, for example, by welding, on the shelves 2, 3 of the upper channel. According to the second variant (Fig. 2), the ends of the rods 10 are rigidly fixed to the shelves 6, 7 of the lower channel, and holes 18 are made in the shelf 2 of the upper channel through which the rods 10 pass. According to the same variant (Fig. 2), to the upper shelf 3 the channel is welded to a corner 19, which is fixed in the span 14 by means of an anchor 20 monolithic in concrete. This provides a rigid fastening on the span 14 of the shelf 3 of the upper channel. The rods 10 are laid along the entire seam. To reduce the consumption of elastic material 11, compensation holes 21 can be made in it.

 The seam works as follows.

 When the ambient temperature decreases, the gap between the spans 13 and 14 increases. Together with the spans 13, 14, the channels move, and the upper channel slides in the direction of the horizontal guiding rods 10 in the second embodiment and together with the rods 10 moves relative to the lower channels along the the first embodiment, seeking to take a new equilibrium position. In this case, the lower channels, moving with the spans 13, 14, create tensile stresses in the elastic material 11 between the shelves of the channels 2, 6 and 3, 8. The compensation holes 21 made between these shelves increase with stretching of the elastic material 11. Between the shelves 2 , 7 and 9, 3, the elastic material 11 is compressed and the compensation holes 21 are reduced between these shelves. Since the upper wall of the channel 1 overlaps the gap, and the entire system is in equilibrium, cracks cannot form in the weld zone, and evenness of the road surface is ensured. With increasing ambient temperature, the reverse process occurs: the gap between the spans 13, 14 decreases, the lower channels move together with the spans, and the upper channel moves to a new equilibrium position, sliding along horizontal rods 10, as along the guides (second option), or the whole structure is moved from the upper channel and the rods 10 relative to the lower channels (the first option). In this case, between the shelves 2, 7 and 9, 3, the elastic material 11 is stretched, and between the shelves 2, 6 and 3, 8 - is compressed. Accordingly, the expansion holes 21 are stretched and compressed. The resulting tensile and compressive stresses cancel each other out. The system is in equilibrium when the ambient temperature changes.

Claims (4)

 1. A deformation seam of predominantly split spans of a road bridge, including inelastic parts, rigid horizontal elements, for example, in the form of plates connected to inelastic parts, and a filler of elastic material in contact with the rigid elements at the top and bottom, characterized in that the inelastic parts made in the form of an upper and two lower channels, framing the shelves of the upper, while the wall and shelves of the upper channel are supported, respectively, on the shelves and walls of the lower channels, and The upper channel channel is flush with the upper edge of the spans and covers the gap between them, and the lower channels are rigidly fixed in the spans, in addition, the rigid elements pass through the lower channel shelves with the possibility of horizontal movement relative to them and are rigidly attached with the ends to the upper channel shelves, and the filler is placed in the cavities of the lower channels, in contact with their walls and the wall of the upper channel and is rigidly fixed to the shelves of the lower channels.  2. The seam according to claim 1, characterized in that the rigid horizontal elements are made in the form of rods.  3. The expansion joint of predominantly split spans of the road bridge, including inelastic parts, rigid horizontal elements, for example, in the form of plates connected to inelastic parts, and a filler of elastic material in contact with the rigid elements on top and bottom, characterized in that the inelastic parts made in the form of two channels, the upper and lower, framing one of the shelves of the upper channel, while the shelf and the wall of the upper channel are supported, respectively, on the wall and one of the shelves the lower channel, and the other shelf of the upper channel and the wall of the lower are rigidly fixed on adjacent spans, the wall of the upper channel is flush with the upper edge of the spans and overlaps the gap between them, in addition, rigid elements freely pass through the shelf of the upper channel and are rigidly fixed with the ends on shelves of the lower channel, and the filler is placed in the cavity of the lower channel, is in contact with its wall and the wall of the upper channel and is rigidly fixed to the shelves of the lower channel.  4. The seam according to claim 3, characterized in that the rigid horizontal elements are made in the form of rods.

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