RU211480U1 - MULTI-SECTION TANK FOR CAPTURE OF VAPOR OF VARIOUS PETROLEUM PRODUCTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to devices for capturing vapors of petroleum products. A multi-section tank for trapping vapors of various petroleum products is described, including separate sections, a shaft, a refrigeration unit, devices for receiving vapors, intake pipes, a breathing valve, a filter-absorber-absorbent, pressure and temperature sensors, and the tank is divided into three sections, the first and second sections for receiving gasoline vapors, and the third section for receiving kerosene vapors, while a low-octane component is used as absorbents in the first section, A-76 gasoline in the second section, kerosene in the third section, and the first and third sections are equipped with a shaft with a centrifugal disk, with holes and a breather valve, the third section is equipped with a refrigeration unit and a temperature sensor, and the second section is equipped with an additional steam pipe with a device for receiving vapors and a pressure sensor. The technical result is a reduction in the output of vapors of petroleum products. 1 ill.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to devices for capturing vapors of petroleum products and can be used in the oil industry and other branches of petroleum products.

The utility model is most applicable when issuing, storing and receiving motor gasoline and kerosene, various grades at oil depots and military fuel depots. Pollution of the air basin at oil depots occurs when oil product vapors are released during the process of "large" and small breaths of tanks, fuel is dispensed into the tanks of vehicles, improper installation of breathing equipment and other reasons. Losses from "big breaths" are due to the displacement of the vapor-air mixture (VAM) from the reservoir when receiving the oil product. In this case, the volume of the gas space decreases and the breathing valve is activated. Losses from "small breaths" are caused by daily fluctuations in temperature and partial pressure of fuel vapors (mainly gasoline) in the gas space of the reservoir [V.G. Kovalenko Ecological safety in oil product supply systems and road transport. M.: LitNefteGaz, 2004].

The temperature of oil products stored in above ground tanks depends on the ambient temperature. In summer, oil products in ground vertical steel tanks (RVS) are heated to 30°C or more. The initial boiling point of gasoline is 35°C [C.V. Anferov, V.G. Kovalenko, A.N. Rementsov. Technical equipment and personnel in oil product supply systems. Tutorial. M.: MALI. 2006]. At this temperature, low-boiling gasoline fractions turn into steam and exit through the breathing valve into the environment.

Characteristic features in the operation of tank farms are the storage, reception and delivery of fuel to rail and truck tanks. This means significant evaporation losses. This problem not only leads to fuel losses, but also adversely affects the health of the population. Combating fuel losses from "large and small breaths" of tanks at oil depots is becoming an important environmental and economic task.

A known installation for the recovery of vapors of petroleum products with periodic operation of the refrigeration unit at gas stations [Yu.A. Matveev et al. Utility Model Patent No. 141280 dated May 27, 2014].

On a horizontal steel tank with a fuel dispensing device, a drain device, a breathing valve, in addition to the body of the breathing valve, a common pipeline line with a valve and a check valve is horizontally installed, which is connected to the main steam pipeline connected to the buried tank. The buried tank is equipped with a breather valve, an activated carbon absorber and a device for receiving oil vapors, and is also half-filled with a low-octane component.

The main steam pipeline under the earth's surface passes a coil-type heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is equipped with cooling lines and connected to the refrigeration unit. The refrigeration unit is connected by a communication line to the corresponding relay for the purpose of switching on and off and is located underground in the technological well.

Also, the dispensing valve, which is inserted into the vehicle's fuel tank, is equipped with a two-channel dispensing sleeve connected to the fuel dispenser. Vapors of oil products are fed through the sleeve with the help of the unit to the section of the steam pipeline, and then through the low pressure check valve into a separate tank for collecting vapors. The vapor collection tank is equipped with an appropriate pressure gauge. The pressure gauge is connected via a communication line to the corresponding relay to turn on the refrigeration unit. Vapors of oil products pumped out of the tanks of machines, due to the supply of the unit, accumulate in the tank up to a certain pressure, for which the overpressure check valve is designed. The vapor pressure is recorded by an appropriate pressure gauge, which is connected by a communication line to the corresponding relay. The relay includes an electric motor connected by means of a clutch to a shaft on which centrifugal wheels are located. Also, the relay is connected by a communication line to the corresponding electric motor to open the valve.

The installation works as follows. Through the drain device, the oil product enters the tank. The operator turns on the refrigeration unit. With increasing pressure, the plate of the reservoir's breathing valve and steam rises through an open pipeline system, the check valve enters the main steam pipeline connected to an additional tank equipped with a receiving device. The vapors pass through a heat exchanger.

In this case, the main part of gaseous hydrocarbons, as a result of cooling in the heat exchanger, passes into a liquid state, and vapors that have not passed into a liquid are absorbed by the low-octane component. The undissolved part of gaseous hydrocarbons at the outlet of the tank through the breather valve is captured by the filter-absorber. Vapors from the tanks of the car during refueling are displaced by oil products. Through a two-channel sleeve, with the help of the unit, through a section of the steam pipeline and a low-pressure check valve, the vapors enter the vapor collection tank. When a certain vapor pressure is reached, the corresponding pressure gauge, through the communication line and the corresponding relay, turns on the refrigeration unit to set the specified temperature regime, which should be in the range from minus 5 to minus 10°C. Vapors accumulate in the tank up to the opening pressure of the overpressure check valve. When the set pressure is reached, the corresponding pressure gauge through the communication line and the corresponding relay turns on the electric motor to rotate the shaft with centrifugal wheels. Simultaneously, through the communication line, the corresponding relay switches on the corresponding electric motor to open the valve.

After the high pressure check valve is opened and the valve is closed, the vapors of oil products enter the heat exchanger with the established temperature regime through the steam pipeline. Then the mixture of vapors with liquid oil enters the receiving device and into the tank with a rotating shaft and centrifugal wheels. In the tank, oil product vapors are absorbed by the low-octane component sprayed throughout the volume.

The disadvantages of this setup are:

1. The impossibility of capturing light fractions of gasoline without mixing with a low-octane component.

2. Low efficiency of work at "small breaths" of tanks.

It is also known to install the recovery of vapors of petroleum products with an additional tank for collecting vapors and a cooling system for ground vertical steel tanks [Yu.A. Matveev et al. Utility model patent No. 142402 dated 06/27/2014]. The proposed tank, which has standard equipment, is equipped with an additional steam pipeline with a check valve and a gate valve, which is connected to a buried horizontal steel tank. The tank is equipped with a valve, an absorbent filter with activated carbon and a device for receiving oil vapors. The buried tank is half filled with a low-octane component. An additional steam pipeline runs underground through a heat exchanger with a cooling mixture. The cooling mixture from the tank is supplied to the heat exchanger through the pipeline of the cooling system using a pump. Also, the steam pipeline through the section of the steam pipeline with a corresponding valve is connected to an additional tank for collecting vapors. Vapors of oil products when opening the breathing valve of the operating pressure are recorded by a pressure gauge, which turns on the compressor through the communication line using the appropriate relay. Vapors of oil products are fed through the steam pipeline to the section of the steam pipeline, and then through the low pressure check valve to an additional tank for collecting vapors. Vapors of oil products accumulate in the tank up to a certain pressure. The vapor pressure in the section of the steam pipeline after the overpressure check valve is recorded by an appropriate pressure gauge, which is connected by a communication line to the corresponding relay. The relay, by means of a communication line, turns on the electric motor connected by means of a coupling to the shaft on which the centrifugal wheels are located. Also, through the communication line, the corresponding relay turns on the pump for supplying the cooling mixture through the heat exchanger. The installation works as follows. When receiving fuel, the operator turns on the electric motor to rotate the centrifugal wheels and the pump for supplying the cooling mixture to the heat exchanger. In order to capture vapors during "large breaths", a breathing valve, a check valve are opened, and through a steam pipeline connected to a buried tank, the vapors enter the heat exchanger with a pumped cooling mixture. In this case, the main part of the fuel vapors, as a result of cooling in the heat exchanger, passes into a liquid state, and the vapors that have not passed into the liquid are absorbed by the low-octane component, which is mixed throughout the volume of the tank by centrifugal wheels. With "small breaths", with an increase in the pressure of the vapor space of the tank, the breathing valve also opens, and vapors of oil products enter the steam pipeline and the steam pipeline section. The flow of vapors into the steam pipeline is recorded by an appropriate pressure gauge, which turns on the compressor. After the pressure drops in the steam line, the compressor automatically switches off. With the help of a compressor, the vapors enter an additional vapor collection tank, where they accumulate up to the set pressure of the overpressure check valve. The flow of vapor into the section of the steam pipeline after the check valve of high pressure is recorded by a pressure gauge, which includes an electric motor to rotate the shaft with centrifugal wheels. Also, through the communication line, the relay turns on the pump for supplying the cooling mixture through the heat exchanger. After the high pressure check valve is opened, oil vapors enter the heat exchanger with the pumped cooling mixture. Then the mixture of vapors with liquid oil enters the receiving device and into the tank with a rotating shaft and centrifugal wheels. In the tank, oil product vapors are absorbed by the low-octane component. After the high pressure check valve is closed, the operator opens the valve, and the oil product vapors, due to the high pressure, enter the buried tank in the same way. The disadvantages of this setup are:

1. The impossibility of capturing vapors during "small breaths" without mixing light fractions of gasoline with a low-octane component.

2. Low efficiency of the installation.

3. Large consumption of the cooling mixture.

4. Lack of separation when taking vapors from "small and large breaths."

Also known two-section tank for trapping vapors of petroleum products. [A.Yu. Bogdanov Yu.A. Matveev et al. Utility model patent No. 172530 dated 07/11/2017].

The tank is equipped with a breather valve, an absorbent filter with activated carbon and devices for receiving vapors of petroleum products, which has two partitions with holes of different diameters for crushing vapor bubbles.

The tank is divided into two sections by an internal partition. The first section of the tank is designed to receive vapors from "big breaths", and the second section is designed to receive vapors from "small breaths". The low-octane component is poured into the first section of the tank as an absorbent. And in the second section of the tank, A-76 summer-type gasoline is poured as an absorbent.

A shaft with centrifugal wheels is installed in the first section of the tank. The shaft is mounted on bearings. Also, a refrigeration unit is installed in the lower part of the first half of the tank, which is designed to turn the vapors from the "big breaths" into a liquid. The vapor receiving tank is equipped with an intake pipe for pumping out oil products (a mixture of oil products) and is located under the earth's surface.

The utility model works as follows. When receiving fuel into the tank, the operator opens the corresponding valve of the steam pipeline. Through the device for receiving vapors of petroleum products, vapors of petroleum products enter the first section of the tank. In order to capture vapors during “large” breaths, a shaft with centrifugal wheels is turned on to mix the low-octane component throughout the entire volume of the first section of the tank. The refrigeration unit is also included in this section.

In this case, the main part of the fuel vapors as a result of cooling passes into a liquid state, and the vapors that have not passed into a liquid are absorbed by the low-octane component. The undissolved part of the vapors of petroleum products at the outlet of the tank during the operation of the breathing valve is captured by the filter-absorber. After the end of the reception of the oil product, the operator turns off the refrigeration unit, the shaft, and then closes the corresponding valve of the steam pipeline.

With "small breaths", the operator opens the corresponding valve of the steam pipeline. Fuel vapors through the device for receiving vapors of oil products enter the second section of the tank.

In this section of the tank, the fuel vapors are converted into liquid due to a decrease in temperature and absorption of oil product vapors by A-76 gasoline.

After filling the tank, the oil product (mixture of oil product) is pumped out through the intake pipe.

The disadvantages of this tank are:

1. Poor vapor recovery performance.

2. High consumption of filters-absorbers due to the release of vapors from the sections of the tank.

3. Lack of control over the pressure and temperature of the vapors in the tank.

The closest to this problem is a three-section tank for trapping gasoline vapors. [A.Yu. Bogdanov, Yu.A. Matveev Patent for utility model No. 183567 dated September 25, 2018].

The tank is equipped with breathing valves, an absorbent filter with activated carbon and devices for receiving vapors of petroleum products, which has two partitions with holes of different diameters for crushing vapor bubbles.

The tank is divided into three sections by internal partitions. The first section of the tank is designed to receive vapors from "big breaths", the third section is designed to receive vapors from "small breaths", and the second section is designed to receive vapors from the first and second sections. A low-octane component (winter-type diesel fuel) is poured into the first section of the tank as an absorbent. In the third section of the tank, A-76 summer-type gasoline is poured as an absorbent. And the low-octane component is poured into the second section.

A shaft with centrifugal wheels is installed in the first section of the tank. The shaft is mounted on bearings. Also, a refrigeration block is installed in the lower part of the first section of the tank. The vapor receiving tank is equipped with intake pipes for pumping out gasolines (mixtures of petroleum products) and is located under the earth's surface.

Additionally, the tank is equipped with two pressure sensors on the first and third sections, a temperature sensor on the section for receiving vapors from "big breaths", as well as a steam pipeline with a check valve on the second section. A non-return valve is installed on the steam supply pipe to the second section. The non-return valve is designed so that it allows vapor to pass only in one direction - to the second section.

The utility model works as follows. When receiving gasoline into the tank, the operator turns on the refrigeration unit in advance and controls the temperature in the first section of the tank using a temperature sensor. The operator then opens the corresponding valve on the above ground vertical tank steam line. Through the device for receiving vapors of petroleum products, vapors of petroleum products enter the first section of the tank. In order to capture vapors during “large” breaths, a shaft with centrifugal wheels is turned on to mix the low-octane component throughout the entire volume of the first section of the tank. There is also a refrigeration unit in this section.

In this case, the main part of the fuel vapor as a result of cooling passes into a liquid state. Vapors that have not passed into the liquid are absorbed by the low-octane component. The undissolved part of the vapors of oil products at the outlet of the first section of the tank with an increase in pressure during the operation of the breathing valve and the check valve through the steam supply pipe enters section two. After the end of gasoline intake, the operator turns off the refrigeration unit, the shaft, and then closes the corresponding valve of the steam pipeline at the oil depot.

With “small breaths”, the operator opens the corresponding valve of the steam pipeline at the tank farm. Gasoline vapors through the device for receiving vapors of petroleum products enter the third section of the tank.

In this section of the tank, the fuel vapors are converted into liquid due to a decrease in temperature and absorption of oil product vapors by A-76 gasoline. After filling the sections of the tank, the oil product (mixture of oil product) is pumped out through the intake pipes.

In order to reduce the transfer of vapors from the first and third sections to the second, the operator monitors the pressure value in these sections and promptly pumps out the oil product (oil product mixture) from the first and third sections. In some cases, when the breathing valve in the second section is actuated, the vapors of oil products are captured by the filter-absorber.

The disadvantages of this tank are:

1. Low efficiency of absorption of vapors of oil products.

2. Inability to capture vapors of various petroleum products.

3. Lack of control over the vapor temperature in the third section of the tank.

The solution to this problem is achieved by dividing the tank into three sections, the first and second sections for receiving gasoline vapors, and the third section for receiving kerosene vapors, while a low-octane component is used as absorbents in the first section, in the second section gasoline A-76, kerosene in the third section, as well as the fact that the first and third sections are equipped with a shaft with a centrifugal disk having holes and a breather valve, the third section is equipped with a refrigeration unit and a temperature sensor, and the second section is equipped with an additional steam pipe with a device for receiving vapors and a sensor pressure.

These features are essential for solving the problem of the utility model, since the efficiency of capturing vapors of various petroleum products from tanks is increased, the consumption of absorbent and consumed electrical energy is reduced, and savings are made due to the capture of vapors of gasoline and aviation kerosenes with their subsequent use.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by the drawing (Fig. 1), which shows a section of a multi-section tank for capturing vapors of petroleum products. The tank 1 is equipped with breathing valves 2, an absorbent filter with activated carbon 3 and devices for receiving vapors of petroleum products 4, which has two partitions with holes of different diameters 5.6 for crushing steam bubbles.

Tank 1 is divided into three sections by internal partitions 7. The first section of the tank is designed to receive vapors from "big breaths" of gasoline, the second section to receive vapors from "small breaths" of gasoline, and the third section to receive kerosene vapors from "big breaths". Kerosenes have a high boiling point and evaporation from "small breaths" is negligible. Low-octane component 8 (winter-type diesel fuel) is poured into the first section of the tank as an absorbent. In the second section of the tank, A-76 summer type gasoline 9 is poured as an absorbent. And aviation kerosene 10 is poured into the third section.

"Big breaths" of gasolines (kerosenes) are associated with the displacement of the vapor-air mixture when receiving oil products into tanks. To transfer vapors of gasoline and kerosene during "big breaths" into liquid, it is necessary to lower the temperature in the tank below zero degrees Celsius.

"Small breaths" of gasolines are associated with an increase in the ambient temperature and the temperature in the tank. To convert gasoline vapors into liquid during "small breaths", it is necessary to lower the temperature in the reservoir below the boiling point of gasolines (35°С) by 10-15°С. The temperature in the underground reservoir makes it possible to convert gasoline vapors into liquid during "small breaths" without additional cooling systems.

In the first section of the tank, a shaft 11 with a centrifugal disk 12 is installed. The shaft is mounted on bearing supports 13. The disk is equipped with holes 14 for the passage and spraying of the absorbent. Installing a shaft with a disk allows you to increase the area of absorption of vapors of oil products by the absorbent.

With the beginning of the rotation of the shaft on the surface of the disk, a thin film of absorbent is formed. Vapors pass over the surface of the disc and the holes, mixing with the absorbent, and their absorption occurs. The disc is partially submerged in the absorbent.

Also, in the lower part of the first section of the tank, a refrigeration unit 15 is installed, which is designed to convert gasoline vapors from “big breaths” into liquid. The reservoir for receiving vapors 1 is equipped with intake pipes 16 for pumping gasoline, kerosene (a mixture of petroleum products) and is located under the earth's surface 17.

Also, in addition, the third section is equipped with a shaft 11 with a centrifugal disk 12 and a refrigeration unit 15.

The tank 1 is equipped with three pressure sensors 18 on the first, second and third sections, a temperature sensor 19 on the first and third sections for receiving vapors from "big breaths", as well as breathing valves 2 on all sections. Pressure sensors are necessary to control the pressure in the sections of the tank 1 in order to timely pump out oil products (mixtures of oil products).

The second section is designed to receive gasoline vapors from "small breaths". The second section is equipped with a pipe 20 with a valve 21 and a device for receiving vapors 4.

The utility model works as follows. When receiving gasoline into the tank, the operator turns on the refrigeration unit 15 and controls the temperature in the first section of the tank 1 using a temperature sensor 19. The temperature should be in the range from minus 10 to minus 20°C.

Then the operator opens the corresponding valve 21 of the steam line 22. Through the device for receiving vapors of petroleum products 4, which has two partitions with holes of different diameters 5.6, gasoline vapors 23 enter the first section of the tank 1. In order to capture vapors during "large" breaths, the shaft 11 with a centrifugal disk 12 equipped with holes 14 for mixing the low-octane component 8 throughout the entire volume of the first section of the tank 1. The refrigeration unit 15 also operates in this section.

In this case, the main part of the vapors of gasoline 23 as a result of cooling passes into a liquid state. The vapors that have not passed into the liquid are absorbed by the low-octane component 8. The undissolved part of the vapors of petroleum products at the outlet of the first section of the tank 1 with an increase in pressure during the operation of the breathing valve 2 is captured by the filter absorber 3. After the end of gasoline intake, the operator turns off the refrigeration unit 15, shaft 11, and then closes the corresponding valve of the steam pipeline 22 at the tank farm.

With "small breaths" of gasoline, the operator opens the corresponding valve 21 of the steam pipeline 22 at the oil depot. Vapors of gasoline 23 through the pipe 20 of the steam pipeline 21 of the device for receiving vapors of petroleum products 4 enter the second section of the tank 1.

In this section of the tank 1, gasoline vapors are converted into liquid due to a decrease in temperature and absorption of petroleum product vapors by A-76 gasoline. The decrease in temperature occurs due to the fact that tank 1 is underground, and the tanks into which the oil product enters are located at the tank farm above the earth's surface.

When receiving kerosene into the tank, the operator turns on the refrigeration unit 15 and controls the temperature in the third section of the tank 1 using a temperature sensor 19. The temperature should be in the range from minus 15 to minus 25°C.

Then the operator opens the corresponding valve 21 of the steam pipeline 22. Through the device for receiving vapors of petroleum products 4, which has two partitions with holes of different diameters 5.6, kerosene vapors 24 enter the third section of the tank 1. In order to capture vapors during "large" breaths, the shaft 11 with a centrifugal disk 12 equipped with holes 14 for mixing the absorbent (kerosene) 10 throughout the volume of the third section of the tank 1. The refrigeration unit 15 also operates in this section.

In this case, the main part of the vapors of kerosene 24 as a result of cooling passes into a liquid state. The vapors that have not passed into the liquid are absorbed by the absorbent (kerosene) 10. The undissolved part of the vapors of petroleum products at the outlet of the third section of the tank 1 with an increase in pressure during the operation of the breathing valve 2 is captured by the filter absorber 3. After the reception of kerosene, the operator turns off the refrigeration unit 15, the 11 and then closes the corresponding valve 21 of the steam line 22 at the tank farm.

After filling the sections of the tank 1, oil products (a mixture of oil products) are pumped out through the intake pipes 16.

In order to reduce the vapor pressure in the first, second and third sections, the operator monitors the value of the pressure sensors 18 in these sections and promptly pumps out oil products (mixtures of oil products) from sections of the tank 1. are captured by the filter-absorber 3.

The intermittent operation of the centrifugal disc shaft and the refrigeration unit in the first and third sections of the tank significantly reduces energy consumption. A mixture of light fractions of gasoline (vapours) with A-76 gasoline in the second section of the tank can be used to add Normal-80 and A-76 brands to commercial gasoline, which causes a significant economic effect. Kerosene from the third section of the tank can be used for its intended purpose without additional processing.

Also, a mixture of light fractions of gasoline with a low-octane component is used for further processing.

Capturing vapors of petroleum products in the proposed reservoir improves the environmental situation in the areas of oil depots.

In the absence of kerosene at the tank farm, the third section of the tank can be used to capture vapors of other petroleum products, such as petroleum solvent, white spirit. In this case, diesel fuel, petroleum solvent, white spirit can be used as absorbents.

Claims (1)

A multi-section tank for trapping vapors of various petroleum products, including separate sections, a shaft, a refrigeration block, devices for receiving vapors, intake pipes, a breathing valve, an absorbent filter-absorbent, pressure and temperature sensors, characterized in that the tank is divided into three sections, the first and the second section for receiving gasoline vapors, and the third section for receiving kerosene vapors, while the low-octane component is used as absorbents in the first section, A-76 gasoline in the second section, kerosene in the third section, and also by the fact that the first and third sections equipped with a shaft with a centrifugal disc having holes and a breather valve, the third section is equipped with a refrigeration unit and a temperature sensor, and the second section is equipped with an additional steam pipe with a device for receiving vapors and a pressure sensor.

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