RU158753U1 - INSTALLATION OF VAPOR COUPLING FROM RAILWAY TANKS WITH RETURN OF VAPORIZED LIGHT FACTIONS TO COMMODITY PETROL - Google Patents

Abstract

Installation for vapor recovery from railway tanks with the return of evaporated light fractions to marketable gasolines, characterized in that a common pipe line for vapor removal is connected to the tank of the safety-inlet valve of the tank, connected to a double-walled tank partially filled with A-76 gasoline, while the pipeline line the vapor outlet inside the double-walled tank is connected to a coil-type heat exchanger and the inter-wall space is filled with carbon dioxide, and the tank is coated on the outside Tired with a layer of polyurethane with a heat-reflecting coating.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to devices for trapping vapors and can be used in the transportation of petroleum products by rail tanks.

This utility model is most applicable for capturing vapors of high-octane oil products from railway tanks. High-octane petroleum products primarily include gasoline.

Air basin pollution during the transportation of petroleum products using railway tanks occurs when fuel vapors are released in the process of “small” tank breathing. Losses from "small" breaths are caused by daily fluctuations in temperature and partial pressure of fuel vapors (mainly motor gasolines) in the gas space of the tank. The temperature of oil products transported in railway tanks depends on the ambient temperature. In the summer, oil products in tanks are heated to 30 degrees Celsius or more. The gas boiling point is 35 degrees Celsius [A.S. Safonov et al. Automotive fuels. Chemotology. Operational properties. Range. St. Petersburg: NPIKTS, 2002.]. At this temperature, low-boiling gasoline fractions turn into steam and escape into the environment through a breathing valve.

Calculations show that when transporting only one railway tank filled with motor gas in the amount of 60 tons, more than 300 kg of oil product vapor is released into the atmosphere per year [V.A. Cooper, E.I. Zorya, D.V. Tsagareli. Operations with petroleum products. Gas stations. - M .: "PARITY", 1999.].

Atmospheric pollution by vapors of petroleum products has a harmful effect on the environment and human health. Vapors of oil products belong to the fourth group of danger. Therefore, the main environmental safety requirements for the transportation of gasoline by rail is to reduce the concentration of oil vapor emitted during the "small" breaths.

Combating the loss of vapor of marketable petroleum products during the transportation of fuel by railway tanks is becoming an important environmental and economic challenge.

Known railway tank for the transport of flammable liquids [D.D. Kostrovsky. Operation of rocket fuel and fuel depots. - M .: VI, 1992.]. Highly flammable liquids include liquids with a flashpoint of less than 61 degrees Celsius in a closed crucible or less than 66 degrees Celsius in an open crucible. Highly flammable liquids include automobile gasolines, aviation kerosene and diesel fuels [Matveev Yu.A., Varnakov DV The theory of combustion and explosion and fire safety of technological processes. Laboratory workshop. Ulyanovsk. UlSU, 2012.].

This tank consists of a railway trolley with wheels, a tank, external and internal stairs, a platform, a hatch, a safety inlet valve, a rod, a universal drain device, a hinged upper and lower covers.

During transportation, "small" breaths are carried out through the safety-inlet valve of the railway tank. At the same time, oil vapor exits the tank into the atmosphere.

Through the hatch, fuel loading measurement and sampling for analysis are carried out. The tank hatch has a hinged lid, bolted. A universal drain device is located at the bottom of the tank. It has internal and external shutters. An internal shutter is a valve that is opened (closed) with a special key with a rod brought into the hatch of the tank. The external closure is a cover with a sealing ring, pressed in the closed state to the body nozzle with a screw.

The disadvantages of the railway tank for the transport of flammable liquids are:

1. The absence of a vapor recovery unit during the transportation of petroleum products.

2. Air pollution by vapors of petroleum products.

3. Large losses of petroleum products from evaporation during transportation.

Also known installation of vapor recovery during transportation of oil products by rail tanks [Matveev Yu.A. et al. Patent for utility model 137527 dated 02.20.2014. Installation for vapor recovery during transportation of oil products by railway tanks.].

In this installation, a railroad tank with a safety inlet valve is additionally equipped with a common vapor exhaust pipe with a non-return valve connected to a double-walled tank partially filled with a low-octane component, which is equipped with a receiver for fuel vapor and a safety valve with filter absorber, while the interstitial space of the tank is filled with air.

The low-octane component is used as an absorbent to absorb oil vapor. As a low-octane component, diesel fuel is used.

The tank is equipped with a drain pipe with a valve for draining the mixture of the low-octane component with the oil product, as well as stiffening walls with holes to reduce the speed of movement of the low-octane component and prevent water hammer during the movement of the railway tank, as well as to absorb oil vapor contained in the vapor-air space of the tank.

In order to determine the level of the low-octane component (absorbent) on the double-walled tank there is a metering hatch.

Installation works as follows. With "small" breaths associated with changes in temperature and increased pressure of the vapor space in the tank, a safety inlet valve opens and oil product vapors pass through a receiving device with grids having openings of various diameters into a double-walled tank with a low-octane component through a common pipe line. In this case, most of the vapor is converted into liquid by cooling in a double-walled tank and absorption by the low-octane component. The cooling by several degrees Celsius in the tank compared with the vapor space of the railway tank is due to the fact that the tank has an interwall space filled with air, which has a low thermal conductivity.

Another part of the oil vapor due to the movement of the low-octane component through the openings of the stiffeners throughout the tank during the movement of the railway tank is absorbed by the low-octane component. The insoluble part of the oil vapor at the outlet of the tank when the safety valve is opened is trapped by the filter-absorber.

The disadvantages of the installation of vapor recovery during transportation of oil products by rail tanks are:

1. The lack of a device to prevent overflow of a mixture of a low-octane component (absorbent) and oil products from a double-walled tank.

2. The lack of an additional breathing valve of high pressure on the railway tank.

3. The inability to use a mixture of absorbent and petroleum products in commercial gasoline.

Closest to this problem is the installation of vapor recovery from railway tanks with a device to prevent overflow of a mixture of absorbent and oil products [Matveev Yu.A. et al. Patent for utility model 145713 dated 09/27/2014. Installation of vapor recovery from railway tanks with a device to prevent overflow of a mixture of absorbent and oil products.].

On the safety-inlet valve of the railway tank, a common vapor exhaust pipe line is installed with a non-return valve connected to a double-walled tank partially filled with absorbent material, which is equipped with a receiving device for fuel vapor and a safety valve with a filter with an absorber, while the space between the walls of the tank is filled with air.

To prevent overflow of the mixture of absorbent with oil, the common vapor recovery pipe line inside the double-walled tank has a horizontal section and is equipped with a mechanical device to prevent flooding-type overflows. This device consists of a float, a connecting lever and a piston. A support for supporting the float is equipped inside the vapor withdrawal line when the level of the mixture of absorbent with oil is insufficient to raise the float. To block the movement of vapor within the pipeline by the piston, a section with a reduced pipeline diameter is equipped with a sleeve. The mixture of the absorbent with the oil enters the common pipeline line for the removal of vapor inside the double-walled tank through openings.

For the removal of oil vapor when closing the common pipeline exhaust line, the tank of the railway tank is equipped with an additional high pressure breathing valve with a filter absorber.

Installation works as follows. During "small" breaths, a safety inlet valve opens in the tank and oil product vapors pass through a common pipe line through a receiving device with grids having openings of various diameters into a double-walled reservoir with absorbent material. In this case, most of the vapor is converted into liquid by cooling in a double-walled tank and absorption by an absorbent.

Another part of the oil vapor as a result of the movement of the absorbent through the openings of the stiffeners throughout the tank during the movement of the railway tank is absorbed by the absorbent in the quality that diesel fuel is used. As the level of the mixture of absorbent with oil increases, the float begins to rise, setting in motion the connecting lever, which pushes the piston to close the hole in the area with a reduced diameter of the pipeline. As a result, the supply of vapor to the double-walled tank is stopped.

After the closure of the common pipeline exhaust line, vapors of oil products from the tank of the railway tank are vented to the atmosphere through an additional high pressure breathing valve with a filter with an absorber.

The disadvantages of this installation are:

1. The lack of efficiency of vapor recovery of petroleum products.

2. The inability to use a mixture of absorbent and petroleum products in commercial gasoline.

The proposed utility model allows us to solve the problem of increasing the efficiency of trapping fuel vapors from railway tanks. A summer gasoline A-76 is used as an absorbent. A mixture of A-76 gasoline with other gasolines can be used when low-octane grades are added to commercial gasolines without loss of quality.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that a common pipe line for vapor removal is connected to the casing of the safety-inlet valve of the tank, connected to a double-walled tank partially filled with A-76 gasoline, while the pipe line for vapor removal inside the double-walled tank is connected to a coil-type heat exchanger and an interwall the space is filled with carbon dioxide, and the tank on the outside is covered with a layer of polyurethane with a heat-reflecting coating.

These signs are essential for solving the utility model problem, since the efficiency of oil vapor recovery increases, the environmental situation in the areas of movement and parking of railway tanks improves, and an economic effect arises due to the use of a mixture of absorbent gasoline and commercial gasoline.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3), which shows a front view of a railway tank, a section of a double-walled tank for vapor recovery, and also a section of a common pipeline line for vapor recovery with a device to prevent overflows in the closed state.

The proposed railway tank having a trolley 1 with wheels 2, a tank 3 with a hatch 4 and a hinged lid 5, an external ladder 6, a platform 7, a safety inlet valve 8, a lower cover for draining oil products 9, couplers 10, additionally on the body the inlet valve, a common vapor recovery pipe line 11 is installed with a non-return valve 12 connected to a double-walled tank 13 partially filled with absorbent gas, summer gas A-76, which is equipped with a coil type heat exchanger 15 for steam throttle and safety valve 16 with a filter absorber 17, while the interwall space of the tank 13 is filled with carbon dioxide 18. Carbon dioxide has a low coefficient of thermal conductivity.

The heat exchanger 15 of the double-walled tank 13 is equipped with a bend 19 to increase the contact surface of the vapors coming from the railway tank and heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is rigidly connected to a common vapor recovery pipe line 11.

A pair of oil products and absorbent 20 are also formed inside the tank 20. The tank is equipped with a drain pipe 21 with a valve 22 for draining the mixture of absorbent with oil, as well as stiffeners 23 with openings 24 to reduce the speed of movement of the absorbent and prevent water hammer during the movement of the railway tank, and for the absorption of vapors of petroleum products contained in the vapor-air space of the tank 13.

In order to determine the level of a mixture of gasoline A-76 and petroleum products, the vapor of which turned into a liquid state due to a decrease in temperature, there is a metering hatch 25 on the double-walled tank.

To prevent overflow of the absorbent-oil mixture, the common vapor recovery pipe line 11 inside the double-walled tank 13 has a horizontal section and is equipped with a mechanical device to prevent flooding-type overflows. This device consists of a float 26, a connecting lever 27 and a piston 28. Inside the vapor withdrawal line, a stand 29 is equipped to support the float when the level of the mixture of absorbent with oil 30 is insufficient to raise the float. To block the movement of the vapor within the pipeline by the piston 28, a section with a reduced pipeline diameter is equipped with a sleeve 31. The mixture of absorbent with oil 30 enters the common pipeline line for the removal of vapors 11 inside the double-walled tank through openings 32.

In order to reduce the temperature, the outer surface of the double-walled tank is treated with a layer of polyurethane 33, on which a layer of heat-reflecting coating 34 is applied. Polyurethane has a low coefficient of thermal conductivity. The heat-reflecting coating is made in the form of a frame made of aluminum or light tin.

For the removal of oil vapor at the closure of the general pipeline exhaust line 11, the tank 3 of the railway tank is equipped with an additional high pressure breathing valve 35 with a filter absorber 17.

The average temperature in July in the Volga region (Ulyanovsk) is 21 ° С, and in June 20 ° С [Matveev Yu.A. et al. Radiation, chemical and biological safety. Tutorial. Ulyanovsk. UlSU, 2009.]. The main vaporization of gasoline vapors occurs in the temperature range from 30 to 35 ° C [1, 2]. Therefore, in a double-walled tank, which has an interwall space with carbon dioxide, a layer of polyurethane with a heat-reflecting coating, the maximum temperature can be 20-22 ° C. The specified temperature allows you to translate the vapor of petroleum products coming from the railway tank from the "small" breaths to a liquid state.

The utility model works as follows. With "small" breaths associated with changes in temperature and increased pressure of the vapor space in the tank, the safety inlet valve 8 opens and oil vapor flows through a common pipe line to the heat exchanger 15, and then to the double-walled tank 13 with absorbent 14. In this case, most of the vapor turns into a liquid due to cooling in the elbow 19 of the heat exchanger 15 and absorption by gasoline A-76. The cooling in the tank compared to the vapor space of the railway tank is due to the fact that the tank has an inter-wall space filled with carbon dioxide 18 and is coated on the outside with polyurethane 33 with a reflective coating 34. Carbon dioxide and polyurethane have low thermal conductivity.

Another part of the oil vapor due to the movement of the absorbent through the openings 24 of the stiffening walls 23 throughout the tank during the movement of the railway tank is absorbed by the absorbent 14. The insoluble part of the oil vapor at the outlet of the tank when the safety valve 16 is opened is trapped by the filter-absorber 17.

As the level of the mixture of absorbent with oil 30 increases, the float 26 begins to rise, driving the connecting lever 27, which pushes the piston 28 to close the hole in the area with a reduced diameter of the pipeline. As a result, the supply of vapor to the double-walled tank is stopped.

After the closure of the common vapor recovery pipe line, 11 pairs of oil products from the tank 3 of the railway tank tank are vented to the atmosphere through an additional high pressure breathing valve 35 with a filter absorber 17.

With the arrival of the railway tank at the collection point, the level of the mixture of absorbent with oil is checked through the metering hatch 25 of the tank and, if necessary, the mixture is drained through the drain pipe 21.

The utility model makes it possible to capture oil vapor from railway tanks, and also significantly reduces the emission of fuel vapor into the atmosphere. In this case, overflows of a mixture of oil vapor with absorbent from a double-walled tank are prevented. It should be noted that pairs of normal A-80 gasoline, regular - 92, premium - 95 and super - 98, turning into a liquid state, mix with summer-type A-76 gasoline. This mixture of gasolines can be added without loss of quality of oil products to marketable gasolines of grades A-76 and normal A-80.

Therefore, the proposed utility model causes a large economic effect associated with the further use of oil vapor in commodity gasolines.

Claims (1)

Installation for vapor recovery from railway tanks with the return of evaporated light fractions to commercial gasolines, characterized in that a common pipe line for vapor removal is connected to the body of the safety-inlet valve of the tank, connected to a double-walled tank partially filled with A-76 gasoline, while the pipeline line the vapor outlet inside the double-walled tank is connected to a coil-type heat exchanger and the inter-wall space is filled with carbon dioxide, and the tank is coated on the outside Tired with a layer of polyurethane with a heat-reflecting coating.

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