RU155732U1 - INSTALLATION OF STEAM CAPTURE ON AUTOMOTIVE TANKS FOR OIL PRODUCTS USING A DOUBLE WATER RESERVOIR - Google Patents

Abstract

Installation of vapor recovery on automobile oil product tanks using a double-walled tank, characterized in that a common exhaust pipe line is connected to the tank breathing valve body connected to the double-walled tank, the interstitial space of which is filled with carbon dioxide, and the tank itself is partially filled with absorbent material, while the vapor exhaust pipe line is equipped with a mechanical device to prevent overflows and a high pressure breathing valve, and inside On the tank, stiffeners were mounted with openings for moving the absorbent throughout the tank in order to increase the absorption of oil vapor.

Description

The utility model relates to devices for vapor recovery and can be used in the transportation of petroleum products by tank cars.

This utility model is most applicable for capturing vapors of high-octane oil products from automobile tanks. Currently, car tanks of large capacity of more than 30 m ^{3 are used} . High-octane petroleum products primarily include gasoline. Air basin pollution during the transportation of petroleum products using car tanks occurs when fuel vapors are released in the process of “small” breaths. Losses from "small" breaths are caused by daily fluctuations in temperature and partial pressure of fuel vapors (mainly motor gasolines) in the gas space of the tank. The temperature of petroleum products transported in tanks depends on the ambient temperature. In the summer, oil products in tanks are heated to 30 degrees Celsius or more. The gas boiling point is 35 degrees Celsius [A.S. Safonov et al. Automotive fuels. Chemotology. Operational properties. Range. St. Petersburg: NPIKTS, 2002.]. At this temperature, low-boiling gasoline fractions turn into steam and escape into the environment through a breathing valve.

Atmospheric pollution by vapors of petroleum products has a harmful effect on the environment and human health. Vapors of oil products belong to the fourth group of danger. Therefore, the main environmental safety requirements for the transportation of motor gasoline by road is to reduce the concentration of oil vapor emitted in the process of "small" breaths.

Combating the loss of vapor of marketable petroleum products during the transportation of fuel by tank cars is becoming an important environmental and economic challenge.

Known automobile tank for petroleum products [Artemyev V.G., Zhivotovsky A.I. Tankers and tankers. Ulyanovsk. UVVTU, 2005.]. This car tank consists of a car chassis with wheels, a fuel tank, an external staircase, a platform, a breathing valve, a neck, a hatch, a hinged lid, a pump, and pipelines.

During transportation, “small” breaths are carried out through the breathing valve of the car tank. At the same time, oil vapor exits the tank into the atmosphere.

Through the hatch or neck, fuel loading and sampling for analysis are carried out. The disadvantages of the car tank for the transportation of petroleum products are:

1. The absence of a vapor recovery unit during the transportation of petroleum products.

2. Air pollution by vapors of petroleum products.

3. Loss of petroleum products from evaporation during transportation.

Also known installation of vapor recovery during transportation of oil products by rail tanks [Matveev Yu.A. et al. Patent for utility model 137527 dated 02.20.2014. Installation for vapor recovery during transportation of oil products by railway tanks.].

In this installation, a railroad tank with a safety inlet valve is additionally equipped with a common vapor exhaust pipe with a non-return valve connected to a double-walled tank partially filled with a low-octane component, which is equipped with a receiver for fuel vapor and a safety valve with filter absorber, while the interstitial space of the tank is filled with air.

The low-octane component is used as an absorbent to absorb oil vapor. As a low-octane component, diesel fuel is used. The tank is equipped with a drain pipe with a valve for draining the mixture of the low-octane component with the oil product, as well as stiffening walls with holes to reduce the speed of movement of the low-octane component and prevent water hammer during the movement of the railway tank, as well as to absorb oil vapor contained in the vapor-air space of the tank. In order to determine the level of the low-octane component (absorbent) on the double-walled tank there is a metering hatch.

The disadvantages of the installation of vapor recovery during transportation of oil products by rail tanks are:

1. The lack of a device to prevent overflow of a mixture of a low-octane component (absorbent) and oil products from a double-walled tank.

2. The lack of an additional breathing valve of high pressure on the railway tank.

3. The possibility of use only on the railway tank.

A known installation of vapor recovery from railway tanks with a device for preventing overflow of a mixture of absorbent and oil products [Matveev Yu.A. et al. Patent for utility model 145713 dated 09/27/2014. Installation for vapor recovery from railway tanks with a device to prevent overflow of a mixture of absorbent and oil products]. A common pipeline vapor exhaust line with a non-return valve connected to a double-walled tank partially filled with absorbent, which is equipped with a receiving device for fuel vapor and a safety valve with an absorber filter, is installed on the body of the safety and inlet valve of the railway tank, while the interstitial space of the tank is filled with air.

The receiver of the double-walled tank is equipped with two grids with holes of various diameters for the absorption of oil vapor. The tank is equipped with a drain pipe with a valve for draining the mixture of absorbent with oil, as well as stiffening walls with holes to reduce the speed of movement of the absorbent and prevent water hammer during the movement of the railway tank, as well as to absorb oil vapor contained in the vapor-air space of the tank.

In order to determine the level of absorbent on the double-walled tank there is a metering hatch. To prevent overflow of the mixture of absorbent with oil, the common vapor recovery pipe line inside the double-walled tank has a horizontal section and is equipped with a mechanical device to prevent flooding-type overflows. This device consists of a float, a connecting lever and a piston. A support for supporting the float is equipped inside the vapor withdrawal line when the level of the mixture of absorbent with oil is insufficient to raise the float. To block the movement of vapor within the pipeline by the piston, a section with a reduced pipeline diameter is equipped with a sleeve. The mixture of the absorbent with the oil enters the common pipeline line for the removal of vapor inside the double-walled tank through openings.

For the removal of oil vapor when closing the common pipeline exhaust line, the tank of the railway tank is equipped with an additional high pressure breathing valve with a filter absorber.

The utility model works as follows. During “small” breaths, a safety inlet valve opens in the tank and oil product vapors pass through a common pipeline through a receiving device with meshes to a double-walled reservoir with absorbent material. In this case, most of the vapor is converted into liquid by cooling in a double-walled tank and absorption by an absorbent. The cooling by several degrees Celsius in the tank compared with the vapor space of the railway tank is due to the fact that the tank has an interwall space filled with air, which has a low thermal conductivity.

Another part of the oil vapor due to the movement of the absorbent throughout the tank during the movement of the railway tank is absorbed by the absorbent. The insoluble part of the oil vapor at the outlet of the tank when the safety valve is opened is trapped by the filter-absorber. As the level of the mixture of absorbent with oil increases, the float begins to rise, setting in motion the connecting lever, which pushes the piston to close the hole in the area with a reduced diameter of the pipeline. As a result, the supply of vapor to the double-walled tank is stopped.

After the closure of the common pipeline exhaust line, vapors of oil products from the tank of the railway tank are vented to the atmosphere through an additional high pressure breathing valve with a filter with an absorber.

Upon arrival of the tank at the collection point, the level of the mixture of absorbent with oil is checked through the metering hatch of the tank and, if necessary, the mixture is drained through the drain pipe.

The disadvantages of this installation capture are:

1. The possibility of use only on a railway tank;

2. Insufficient coefficient of thermal conductivity of air in the inter-wall space of the tank compared to other gases.

Closest to the problem of vapor recovery of oil products directly from automobile tanks is the installation of vapor recovery of oil products from railway, automobile tanks and tanks with an automatic cooling system [Matveev Yu.A. et al. Patent for utility model 129089 dated 06/20/2013. Installation for the recovery of oil vapor from railway, automobile tanks and tanks with an automatic cooling system.]. The specified installation is used when filling tank cars with oil products at oil depots.

A removable device is installed on the neck of a car tank with a lid, a breathing valve, on a flexible sleeve, which is connected to a section of the steam pipeline of the loading and unloading trestle. A compressor for pumping oil vapor and a non-return valve are installed on the steam pipeline section. The section of the steam pipeline of the loading and unloading trestle is connected to the main steam pipeline with a non-return valve and a valve that connects to a recessed horizontal steel tank. The tank is equipped with an activated carbon filter-absorber and a device for receiving oil vapor, which has two partitions with holes of different diameters for crushing vapor bubbles. The recessed tank is half filled with a low-octane component. The main steam line below the earth's surface is a coil-type heat exchanger with a cooling mixture. The cooling mixture from the tank is fed to the heat exchanger through the pipe of the cooling system, using a pump.

The utility model works as follows. Before filling the tank with oil, the lid of the neck of the car tank opens. A removable device on a flexible sleeve is installed on the neck of the tank. Through the inlet pipe of the automobile tank, the oil enters the tanker. In this case, the fuel level begins to increase, and accordingly the volume of the steam space decreases. An excessive vapor pressure is created in the tank. At the same time, the vapors along the flexible hose enter the section of the steam line and are pumped out with the help of the compressor through the check valve open under the compressor pressure into the main steam line connected to the additional tank equipped with a receiving device. Vapors pass through a heat exchanger with a pumped cooling mixture, which is supplied from the tank through the pipeline of the cooling system using a pump. The cooling mixture creates a temperature in the heat exchanger 7-9 degrees Celsius below the temperature of the earth's surface.

In this case, the main part of gaseous hydrocarbons as a result of cooling in the heat exchanger becomes liquid, and vapors that have not passed into the liquid are stratified by two partitions with holes of different diameters and absorbed by the low-octane component. The insoluble part of the gaseous hydrocarbons at the outlet of the tank is captured by the filter-absorber.

The disadvantages of the installation of vapor recovery of oil products from railway, automobile tanks and tanks with an automatic cooling system are

1. The absence of a vapor recovery unit directly during the transportation of petroleum products.

2. Air pollution by vapors of petroleum products during transportation of fuel.

3. Loss of petroleum products from evaporation during transportation.

4. The absence of a device to prevent overflow of the mixture of absorbent and oil.

The proposed utility model allows us to solve the problem of increasing the efficiency of trapping fuel vapors from automobile tanks during transportation of fuel and to prevent overflow of a mixture of absorbent and oil products. A low-octane component (diesel fuel) is used as an absorbent. Diesel fuel has low volatility and mixes well with high-octane oil products such as motor gasolines.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that a common vapor recovery pipe line is installed on the casing of the tank’s breathing valve, connected to a double-walled tank, the interstitial space of which is filled with carbon dioxide, and the tank itself is partially filled with absorbent material, while the vapor recovery pipe is equipped with a mechanical device to prevent overflows and a breathing valve of high pressure, and inside the tank mounted stiffeners, with holes for moving the absorbent about the entire volume of the tank in order to increase the absorption of oil vapor.

These signs are essential for solving the utility model problem, since the efficiency of oil vapor recovery during fuel transportation is increased, overflows of the absorbent-oil product mixture are prevented, and the environmental situation in the areas where tank cars move is improved. The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3), which shows a front view of an automobile tank, a section of a double-walled tank for vapor recovery, as well as a section of a common vapor recovery line with a device to prevent overflows in the closed state. The proposed automobile tank having a chassis with wheels 1, a tank 2 with a neck 3 and a hinged cover 4, a breathing valve 5, additionally, a common pipe line for exhausting vapor 6 with a check valve 7 connected to the double-walled tank 8 partially filled with absorbent 9 is installed on the valve body , which is equipped with a receiving device 10 for fuel vapor and a safety valve 11 with a filter absorber 12, while the interwall space of the tank 8 is filled with carbon dioxide 13.

It should be noted that the receiver of the double-walled tank is equipped with two grids with holes of various diameters 14, 15 for the absorption of oil vapor. The tank is equipped with a drain pipe 16 with a valve 17 for draining the mixture of absorbent with oil, as well as stiffeners 18 with openings 19 to reduce the speed of movement of the absorbent and prevent water hammer during the movement of the tank car, as well as to absorb oil vapor contained in the vapor-air space of the tank 8.

In order to determine the level of absorbent on the double-walled tank there is a metering hatch 20.

To prevent overflow of the absorbent-oil mixture, the common vapor recovery pipe line 6 inside the double-walled tank 8 has a horizontal section and is equipped with a mechanical device to prevent float-type overflows 21. This device consists of a float 22, a connecting arm 23 and a piston 24. Inside the vapor removal pipe line equipped with a stand 25 for supporting the float, when the level of the mixture of absorbent with oil 26 is insufficient to raise the float. To block the movement of the vapor by the piston inside the pipeline line 6 with the help of the sleeve 27, a section with a reduced diameter of the pipeline 28 is equipped. The mixture of absorbent with oil product 26 enters the general pipeline line for venting vapor 6 inside the double-walled tank through openings 29.

For the removal of oil vapor at the closure of the mechanical device to prevent overflow of the float type 21, the common vapor exhaust pipe line 6 is equipped with a high pressure breathing valve 30 with a filter absorber 12.

The utility model works as follows. With "small" breaths associated with temperature changes and increasing the pressure of the vapor space in the tank, the breathing valve 5 opens and oil vapor passes through a common pipe line 6 through a receiving device 10 with grids having openings of various diameters 14, 15 and enter a double-walled tank for 8 s absorbent 9. In this case, most of the vapor is converted into liquid by cooling in a double-walled tank and absorption by the absorbent. The cooling by several degrees Celsius in the tank compared with the vapor space of the car tank occurs due to the fact that the tank has an interwall space filled with carbon dioxide 13, which has a lower coefficient of thermal conductivity compared to air [V. Lukanin Heat engineering. Textbook for high schools. M .: Higher school, 2003.]. Another part of the oil vapor as a result of the movement of the absorbent through the openings 19 of the stiffening walls 18 throughout the tank during the movement of the tank car is absorbed by the absorbent 9. The insoluble part of the oil vapor at the outlet of the tank when the safety valve 11 is opened is trapped by the filter-absorber 12.

With increasing level of the mixture of absorbent with oil 26, the float 22 begins to rise, driving the connecting lever 23, which pushes the piston 24 to close the hole in the section with a reduced diameter of the pipe 28. As a result, the supply of vapor to the double-walled tank is stopped. After closing the general vapor recovery pipe line 6 using a mechanical device to prevent overflows, 21 pairs of oil products from tank 2 are vented to the atmosphere through an overpressure breathing valve 30 with a filter absorber 12. Upon arrival of the car tank at the pick-up point, the level of the mixture of absorbent with oil is checked through a metering tank hatch 20. If necessary, the mixture is drained through the drain pipe 16 using the valve 17.

The utility model allows to capture oil vapor from automobile tanks, and also significantly reduces the emission of fuel vapor into the atmosphere. In this case, overflows of a mixture of oil vapor with absorbent from a double-walled tank are prevented.

Claims (1)

Installation of vapor recovery on automobile oil product tanks using a double-walled tank, characterized in that a common exhaust pipe line is connected to the tank breathing valve body connected to the double-walled tank, the interstitial space of which is filled with carbon dioxide, and the tank itself is partially filled with absorbent material, while the vapor exhaust pipe line is equipped with a mechanical device to prevent overflows and a high pressure breathing valve, and inside On the tank, stiffeners were mounted with openings for moving the absorbent throughout the tank in order to increase the absorption of oil vapor.

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