RU2786207C1 - Installation and method for removing vapors and sealing the neck from the environment in the process of draining oil products from railway tanks - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: inventions group relates to the field of mechanical engineering and is intended for sealing the cavity and removing vapors of railway tanks, in the process of draining oil products from them, from the environment in order to exclude air pollution by oil vapors. The installation for removing vapors and sealing the neck from the environment in the process of draining oil products from railway tanks contains a frame connected by flange connections through a knee to a cantilever pipeline by means of a hinge, and said cantilever pipeline is connected by means of a hinge to a sealing tip made of a material that prevents sparking. A sealing cone with a rubber seal is installed on the mentioned sealing tip for sealing the neck of a railway tank. On the sealing cone of the mentioned tip there is a hatch with a cover for access to the bottom valve of the railway tank, made with the possibility of opening and closing to start and stop draining the oil product from the railway tank, and a breather valve to prevent the formation of vacuum and regulate pressure in the gas space of the railway tank in the process. oil spill. The breathing valve consists of a body with a rod and a spring providing automatic closing of the said valve, closed by a lid, under which there is a plate with a rubber seal, made with the possibility of opening when an excess vacuum is reached. In addition, the installation is made with the possibility of connecting through a flange to the oil product vapor recovery system at the drain station and contains a mechanism for fixing the working position with a pressure block to prevent spontaneous lifting of the sealing tip during the drain process and ensure the sealing of the drain process, a counterweight for full or partial balancing of forces gravity and the moments they create due to the use of their own weight, balancing the cantilever pipeline with a tip in a suspended state, mounting brackets installed on the frame for fixing the device to the overpass metal structures and a manual damper for forced closing of the said cantilever pipeline. Also disclosed is a method for removing vapors and sealing the neck from the environment in the process of draining oil products from railway tanks.

EFFECT: inventions group ensures exclusion of atmospheric pollution by oil vapors.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering and is intended for sealing the cavity and removing the vapors of railway tanks, in the process of draining oil products from them, from the environment in order to exclude air pollution by vapors of oil products.

A known installation for capturing vapors of petroleum products from railway, automobile tanks and tanks with an automatic cooling system, characterized in that a removable device on a flexible hose is hermetically installed on the neck of the railway tank, connected to a section of a stationary steam pipeline equipped with a compressor for pumping vapors of petroleum products and associated with the main steam pipeline connected to a buried tank, which is equipped with a receiving device for oil vapors and an absorber filter, while the main underground steam pipeline passes through a cooling system, including a heat exchanger, a pipeline with valves, a container with a cooling mixture and a pump that automatically works through communication lines and a relay from a compressor or from a pump for supplying petroleum products to a vertical steel tank (RU 129089 U1, B65D88 / 00, 06/20/2013).

The main disadvantage of this technical solution is the absence of a specific device worn on the neck of a railway tank to seal the process of draining the oil product. A removable sealing device is put on the neck of the tank on a flexible hose connected to the exhaust vapor cooling system.

The closest analogue of the claimed invention is a system for capturing vapors of oil and petroleum products during loading and unloading and transportation in railway tanks, characterized in that it contains a device for condensing oil vapors associated with railway tanks, and a pipeline system with the possibility of their connection to the tank farm for loading - draining oil products, while the system is equipped with a filling pipe sealing unit installed on the neck cover of each tank, containing branch pipes for removing oil and oil product vapors, which are connected to similar pipes of other tanks using flexible hoses, providing connection of the vapor-air space of all tanks with a device for condensing oil vapors, which is installed in a separate car, located either in the middle of the train, or at one of its ends, which also contains a refrigerator compressor, the refrigerant pipelines of which are connected to the device condensation of vapors of petroleum products. (RU 2685672 C1, B01D 53/74, 04/22/2019).

The main disadvantage of the technical solution is that there is no sealing unit for the filling pipe on the filler cap of a standard railway tank car. Those. this unit must be included in the standard configuration of the manhole cover, and only after that, at the oil depots it will be possible to use it for its intended purpose. Connect steam vent hoses to its fittings through which vapors of oil products are drawn into the car located in the middle of the train and fed into the vapor condensation device. All this entails another drawback of this system, namely the cost and laboriousness of the process of organizing a hermetic loading and unloading of a tank. The train must first be formed so that the wagon with the pump and vapor condensation device is in the middle of the train. But after that, it is necessary to connect the sealing units of all the tanks of the composition with hoses to each other and to the device for condensing oil vapors. Given the size of the tank and the height at which the operator will have to work, this process will either take a long time to install these hoses by one operator, or it will be necessary to provide an operator for each tank to quickly install the connecting hoses to the filling pipe sealing assembly. The reality of the introduction of such a system raises serious doubts because of its economic feasibility.

The technical problem to be solved by the claimed invention is the creation of an installation and a method for removing vapors and sealing the neck from the environment in the process of draining oil products from railway tanks that do not have the listed disadvantages of the prior art.

The technical result of the claimed invention is the sealing of the cavity and the removal of vapors of railway tanks, in the process of draining oil products from them, from the environment, ensuring the exclusion of atmospheric pollution by vapors of oil products, as well as the ease and speed of using the installation by one operator.

The technical result of the invention is achieved by the fact that the installation for removing vapors and sealing the neck from the environment in the process of draining oil products from railway tanks, characterized in that it contains a frame connected by flange connections through an elbow to a cantilever pipeline by means of a hinge, and said cantilever pipeline is connected by means of a hinge with a sealing tip made of a material that prevents sparking, while on the said sealing tip there is a sealing cone with a rubber seal for sealing the neck of the railway tank, and on the sealing cone of the mentioned tip there is a hatch with a cover for access to the universal drain device of the railway tank, made with the possibility of opening and closing to start and stop the discharge of oil from the railway tank, and a breather valve to prevent the formation of vacuum and regulate pressure in the gas space of a railway tank in the process of draining an oil product, moreover, the breathing valve consists of a body with a rod and a spring providing automatic closing of the mentioned valve, closed by a lid, under which there is a plate with a rubber seal, made with the possibility of opening when an excess vacuum is reached, in addition , the installation is made with the possibility of connecting through a flange to the oil product vapor recovery system at the drain station and contains a mechanism for fixing the working position with a pressure block to prevent spontaneous lifting of the sealing tip during the drain process and ensure the sealing of the drain process, a counterweight for full or partial balancing of gravity and moments created by them due to the use of their own weight, balancing the cantilever pipeline with a tip in a suspended state, mounting brackets installed on the frame for fixing the device to metal overpass structures and a manual damper for forced closing of said cantilever pipeline.

Additionally, it should be noted that the ease of all the above manipulations provides a counterweight for full or partial balancing of gravity forces and the moments created by them through the use of its own weight, balancing the cantilever pipeline with a tip in a suspended state, mounting brackets installed on the frame for fixing the device to the metal structures of the overpass and a manual damper for forced closing of said cantilever pipeline.

Also, the technical result is achieved by the fact that the method for removing vapors and sealing the neck from the environment in the process of draining oil products from railway tanks, characterized in that a device for lower draining of oil products is connected to the universal drain device of the railway tank, after which the upper hatch of the railway tank is opened and bring the installation according to claim 1, position the sealing cone coaxially with the neck of the tank hatch, then press the said cone with a rubber seal to the neck and, using the screw of the fixing mechanism with the pressing block, fix the cover in the pressed position and connect it through the flange to the oil vapor recovery system on the at the same time, to start draining the oil product from the railway tank through the hatch on the cover of the sealing cone, open the universal drain device of the railway tank and start draining, and as the tank is empty and the vacuum pump of the system recuperation of the drain station, a vacuum is formed in it, upon reaching a certain value of which, the breathing valve located on the cover of the sealing cone is slightly opened, and atmospheric air is sucked in, ensuring that the pressure in the tank is equalized to an acceptable value, while when the pressure is equalized, the breathing valve is closed by means of a spring and the process draining the product is continued safely for the environment, after draining the oil product from the railway tank through the hatch located on the cover of the sealing cone, the universal drain device of the railway tank is closed and the lower drain device is disconnected from the tank and, by loosening the screw of the fixing mechanism with the pressure block, the installation according to p. 1 is lifted over the hatch of the railway tank and taken away from the tank to the overpass and fixed in the garage position.

The unit for removing vapors and sealing the neck from the environment in the process of draining oil products from railway tanks can be operated as part of cooling and recovery systems for discharged vapors installed separately at oil depots.

The claimed installation is intended for operation in explosive zones of class 0,1,2 in accordance with GOST R 51330.9-99 and the "Electrical Installation Rules" (PUE, Ch.7.3). It has an explosion-proof design, provided with accessories.

The installation for removing vapors and sealing the neck from the environment during the discharge of oil products from railway tanks is an articulated pipeline with a sealing tip for removing the vapor-air mixture formed during the discharge of oil products.

The present invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

In FIG. 1 shows a device for removing vapors and sealing the neck from the environment in the process of draining oil products from railway tanks.

In FIG. 2 shows a breathing valve.

List of positions: 1 - frame, 2 - hinge, 3 - elbow, 4 - cantilever pipeline, 5 - counterweight, 6 - locking mechanism with pressure block, 7 - sealing tip, 8 - sealing cone, 9 - mounting bracket, 10 - ball tap DN50, 11 - breathing valve, 12 - hatch for the key of the bottom valve, 13 - body, 14 - cover, 15 - plate with rubber seal, 16 - rod, 17 - spring.

Installation for removing vapors and sealing the neck from the environment in the process of draining oil from rail tanks, shown in figure 1 consists of the following main components and parts:

- frame 1, connected by flange connections through an elbow 3 with a cantilever pipeline 4 by means of a hinge 2, and the said cantilever pipeline 4 is connected by means of a hinge 2 with a sealing tip 7 piping of the vapor recovery system;

- a mechanism for fixing the working position with a pressure block 6 to prevent spontaneous lifting of the sealing tip 7 during the draining process and to ensure the sealing of the draining process.

- hinges 2 to give the necessary degrees of freedom to the flanged pipelines and the tip 7, which seals the connection to the tank neck during technological processes. The cuff of the hinge 2 provides tightness from the side of the outlet of the oil product, the hinge ring 2 - protection from atmospheric precipitation (not shown).

- nodes and elements of the sealing tip 7, colliding with the tank, are made of a material that prevents sparking. A sealing cone with a rubber seal 8 is installed on the tip 7 to seal the tank neck. Also on the sealing conical tip 7 there is a special hatch 12 with a cover for access to the bottom valve of the railway tank, through which the bottom valve is opened and closed to start draining the product and then stop draining the product from the tank. Tip 7 for removing vapors is completed with a rubberized sealing cap or cone 8 for servicing railway tanks with a filler neck diameter of 550-610 mm.

- the breathing (check) valve 11 is located on the sealing cone 8, designed to prevent the formation of a vacuum and regulate the pressure in the gas space of the railway tank, in the process of draining the product. The check valve 11 allows the medium to pass in one direction (to the tank) and prevent its movement in the opposite direction (to the atmosphere). Breathing valve 11, as shown in FIG. 2, consists of a body 13 with a rod 16 and a spring 17 that provides automatic closing of the said valve 11, closed by a lid 14, under which a plate with a rubber seal 15 is located. When the vacuum is exceeded, the plate 15 opens and the gas space of the tank communicates with the atmosphere. When equalizing the pressure inside the railway tank and the force of the return spring 17 of the breathing valve 11, the valve 11 automatically closes, which prevents the release of harmful vapors into the atmosphere and ensures further, safe discharge of the product from the tank.

- counterweight (counterweight) 5, designed to fully or partially balance the forces of gravity and the moments created by them, by using its own weight, balancing the cantilever pipeline 4 with the tip 7 in a suspended state.

- mounting brackets 9 are designed to fix the unit to the metal structures of the overpass.

- manual damper is used for forced closing of the hinged pipeline, the line of withdrawal of PVA.

The unit for removing vapors and sealing the neck from the environment in the process of draining oil products from railway tanks is manufactured in the following placement versions:

- Left (standard) and Right (optional).

The specified installation is used in cases of fastening the device to existing metal structures (trestle, mast, column).

To balance the installation, a system of counterweights is used.

The method for removing vapors and sealing the neck from the environment in the process of draining oil products from railway tanks is carried out as follows.

When installing this executive unit of the UNZH type for evacuating vapors and sealing the neck from the environment in the process of draining oil products from railway tanks on a railway overpass designed for the lower discharge of oil products, it is necessary to carry out the following manipulations to organize a hermetic discharge of products. When a railway tank car is installed in the area of the oil products discharge rack, a device for the lower discharge of petroleum products of the USN type is connected to its lower drain valve. After connecting this device, the upper hatch of the railway station of the tank is opened and the operator brings an installation of the UNZH type to it to remove vapors and organize a sealed drain of oil products. The hinged cantilever pipeline 4 allows precise positioning of the sealing cone 8 coaxially with the neck of the tank hatch. The tightness is ensured by the rubberized part of the cone 8. This completes the installation for removing vapors. The UNZh installation itself is fixed on a railway overpass and is connected through a flange to the oil products vapor recovery system existing at the discharge station. To start draining the product from the railway tank, the operator opens the bottom valve of the tank with a special key through the hatch 12 on the cover 13 of the sealing cone 8 and the drain process begins. As the tank is empty and the vacuum pump of the recovery system of the drain station is operating, a vacuum is formed in it, which, when a certain value is reached, slightly opens the breathing valve located on the cover 13 of the sealing cone 8, and atmospheric air is sucked in, which in turn equalizes the pressure in the tank with atmospheric. When the pressure equalizes, the breathing valve 11 is closed by means of a spring and the process of draining the product continues in an environmentally friendly manner. After the end of the discharge of the product from the railway tank, the operator through the hatch 12 located on the cover of the sealing cone 8, using a special key, closes the bottom valve of the tank and disconnects the bottom drain device from the tank. Now, having loosened the screw of the fixing mechanism with the pressing block 6 of the UNZH installation, the operator lifts it over the hatch of the railway tank and takes it away from the tank to the overpass, where it fixes it in the garage position.

Claims (3)

1. An installation for removing vapors and sealing the neck from the environment in the process of draining oil products from railway tanks, characterized in that it contains a frame connected by flange connections through an elbow to a cantilever pipeline by means of a hinge, moreover, said cantilever pipeline is connected by means of a hinge to a sealing tip made from a material that prevents sparking, while on the mentioned sealing tip there is a sealing cone with a rubber seal for sealing the neck of the railway tank, and on the sealing cone of the mentioned tip there is a hatch with a cover for access to the bottom valve of the railway tank, made with the possibility of opening and closing for starters and stopping the discharge of oil from the railway tank, and a breather valve to prevent the formation of a vacuum and regulate the pressure in the gas space of the railway tank into the process e oil product drain, moreover, the breathing valve consists of a body with a rod and a spring providing automatic closing of the said valve, closed by a lid, under which there is a plate with a rubber seal, made with the possibility of opening when an excess vacuum is reached, in addition, the installation is made with the possibility of connecting through a flange to the oil product vapor recovery system at the discharge station and contains a mechanism for fixing the working position with a pressure block to prevent spontaneous lifting of the sealing tip during the discharge process and ensure the sealing of the discharge process, a counterweight for full or partial balancing of gravity and the moments created by them due to the use of its own weight , balancing the cantilever pipeline with a tip in a suspended state, mounting brackets installed on the frame for fixing the device to the steel structures of the overpass and a manual damper for forced shutdown ia mentioned cantilever pipeline. 2. A method for removing vapors and sealing the neck from the environment in the process of draining oil products from railway tanks, characterized in that a device for lower draining of oil products is connected to the lower drain valve of the railway tank, after which the upper hatch of the railway tank is opened and the installation according to claim 1, the sealing cone is positioned coaxially with the neck of the tank hatch, after which the said cone with a rubber seal is pressed against the neck and the cover is fixed in the pressed position using the screw of the fixing mechanism with the pressing block and connected through the flange to the oil product vapor recovery system at the discharge station, while to start draining the oil product from the railway tank through the hatch on the cover of the sealing cone, open the bottom valve of the tank and start draining, and as the tank is empty and the vacuum pump of the recovery system of the drain station is operating, a vacuum is formed in it, when a certain volume is reached which causes the breather valve located on the cover of the sealing cone to be slightly opened and atmospheric air to be sucked in, which ensures equalization of the pressure in the tank, while when the pressure is equalized, the breather valve is closed by means of a spring and the process of draining the product is continued safely for the environment, after the end of the drain of the oil product from the railway tanks through the hatch located on the cover of the sealing cone, close the bottom valve of the tank and disconnect the bottom drain device from the tank, and by loosening the screw of the fixing mechanism with the pressure block, the installation according to claim 1 is raised above the hatch of the railway tank and taken away from the tank. 3. The method according to p. 2, characterized in that the installation according to p. 1 is removed from the tank to the overpass and fixed in the garage position.

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