RU206214U1 - INSTALLATION FOR COLLECTION OF VAPORS FROM AUTOMOTIVE TANKS USING TWO-SECTIONAL RESERVOIR - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to vapor recovery devices and can be used in the oil industry. The utility model includes a tank truck, breathing valves, a pipeline for removing vapors with a mechanical overflow prevention device, a double-walled, two-section tank, gate valves, a drain pipeline. The tank interior is filled carbon dioxide. Also, the double-walled tank is coated on the outside with a layer of polyurethane with heat-reflecting paint. The double-walled tank is divided into two sections by means of a partition. At the same time, A-76 gasoline is poured into the first section of the tank as an absorbent, and it is equipped with a receiving device for vapors and a device to prevent overflows, aviation kerosene is poured into the second section as an absorbent, and it is equipped with a receiving pipe. The technical result is achieved by cooling the vapors of oil products. from “small” breaths entering the first section of the tank and their transformation into liquid due to the temperature difference in the tank and the tank, as well as the absorption of vapors from “large” breaths by aviation kerosene in the second section of the tank. fractions of gasoline with absorbent (gasoline A-76) directly into the tank car with commercial gasoline.

Description

The utility model relates to devices for capturing vapors and can be used in the transportation of petroleum products by tank trucks.

This utility model is most applicable for capturing vapors of high-octane oil products from road tankers. At the present time, tank cars with a large capacity of more than 30 m ^{3 are used} . High-octane petroleum products primarily include motor gasolines. Air pollution during the transportation of petroleum products using tank trucks occurs when fuel vapors are released in the process of "small" and "large" breaths. Losses from "small" breaths are caused by daily fluctuations in temperature and partial pressure of fuel vapors (mainly motor gasoline) in the gas space of the tank. The temperature of oil products transported in tanks depends on the ambient temperature. In summer, oil products in tanks are heated to 30 degrees Celsius or more. The initial boiling point of gasoline is 35 degrees Celsius [A.S. Safonov and other Automobile fuels. Chemotology. Operational properties. Range. SPb .: STIKTS, 2002.]. At this temperature, low-boiling gasoline fractions are converted into steam and through the breathing valve are released into the environment.

Losses from "large" breaths are associated with the displacement of oil vapors when fuel is being poured into tank cars. Gasoline vapors from "big" breaths turn into liquid at temperatures from 0 to minus 10 ° Celsius.

Air pollution with petroleum product vapors has a harmful effect on the environment and human health. Therefore, the main requirements for environmental safety when transporting motor gasoline is to reduce the concentration of vapors of petroleum products released in the process of "small" and "large" breaths.

Known installation for capturing vapors of petroleum products from railway, road tanks and tanks with an automatic cooling system [Matveev YU.A. and other utility model patent No. 129089 dated 20.06.2013].

A removable device is installed on a flexible hose, which is connected to the section of the steam pipeline of the loading and unloading rack, on the neck of the automobile tank, which has a cover, a breathing valve. A compressor for pumping oil vapors and a check valve are installed on the steam pipeline section. The section of the steam pipeline of the loading and unloading rack is connected to the main steam pipeline with a check valve and a gate valve, which is connected to a buried horizontal steel tank. The tank is equipped with a filter-absorber with activated carbon and a device for receiving vapors of oil products, which has two baffles with holes of different diameters for crushing steam bubbles. The recessed reservoir is half filled with the low octane component. The main steam pipeline under the earth's surface is a coil-type heat exchanger with a cooling mixture. The cooling mixture from the tank is fed to the heat exchanger through the pipeline of the cooling system using a pump.

The utility model works as follows. Before filling the tanker with oil, the tanker neck cap is opened. A removable device on a flexible sleeve is installed on the neck of the tank. Through the receiving pipeline of the tank car, the oil product enters the tank car. In this case, the fuel level begins to increase, and, accordingly, the volume of the steam space decreases. An excess vapor pressure is created in the tank. In this case, the vapor through the flexible hose enters the section of the steam line and is pumped out with the help of a compressor through a check valve open under compressor pressure into the main steam line connected to an additional tank equipped with a receiving device. The vapors pass through the heat exchanger with the pumped coolant mixture, which is supplied from the tank through the cooling system pipeline using a pump. The cooling mixture creates a temperature in the heat exchanger 7-9 degrees Celsius below the temperature of the earth's surface.

In this case, the main part of gaseous hydrocarbons as a result of cooling in the heat exchanger turns into a liquid state, and the vapors that have not passed into the liquid are stratified by two partitions with holes of different diameters and are absorbed by the low-octane component. The undissolved part of gaseous hydrocarbons at the outlet from the tank is captured by an absorber filter.

The disadvantages of this installation for capturing vapors of petroleum products are:

1. Lack of installation for capturing vapors directly during the transportation of petroleum products.

2. Pollution of the atmosphere by vapors of petroleum products during transportation of fuel.

3. Absence of a device to prevent overflow of a mixture of absorbent and oil product.

Also known installation for capturing vapors from railway tanks with the return of evaporated light fractions in commercial gasoline [Matveev YU.A. et al. Patent No. 158753 dated 20.01.2016].

On the proposed railway tank car, which has standard equipment, in addition to the body of the safety inlet valve, a common vapor discharge line with a check valve is installed connected to a double-walled tank partially filled with an absorbent - A-76 summer type gasoline, which is equipped with a coil-type heat exchanger for fuel vapors and a safety a valve with an absorber filter, while the inter-wall space of the tank is filled with carbon dioxide. The heat exchanger of the double-walled tank is equipped with an elbow to increase the contact surface of the vapors coming from the rail tank car and the heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is rigidly connected to a common vapor outlet line.

The tank is equipped with a drain pipeline with a valve for draining the mixture of absorbent with oil product, as well as stiffening baffles with holes to reduce the speed of movement of the absorbent and prevent water hammer during the movement of the railway tank car, as well as for the absorption of vapors of oil products contained in the vapor-air space of the tank.

To prevent overflow of a mixture of absorbent with oil product, the common pipeline vapor removal line inside the double-walled tank has a horizontal section and is equipped with a mechanical device to prevent overflow of a float type. The mixture of the absorbent with the oil product enters the common pipeline vapor removal line inside the double-walled tank through the holes.

In order to reduce the temperature, the outer surface of the double-walled tank is treated with a layer of polyurethane, on which a layer of heat-reflecting paint is applied. For the removal of vapors of petroleum products when the common pipeline for the removal of vapors is closed, the tank car tank is equipped with an additional high-pressure breathing valve with an absorber filter.

The utility model works as follows. In case of "small" breaths, the safety-inlet valve opens in the tank and the vapors of oil products through the common pipeline line enter the heat exchanger, and then into the double-walled tank with the absorbent. In this case, most of the vapors are converted into liquid due to cooling in the heat exchanger elbow and absorption by A-76 gasoline.

Another part of the vapors of oil products as a result of the movement of the absorbent through the holes of the stiffening partitions throughout the volume of the tank during the movement of the railway tank car is absorbed by the absorbent.

The undissolved part of the vapors of oil products at the outlet from the tank when the safety valve is opened is captured by an absorber filter.

When the level of the mixture of absorbent with oil product increases to a certain level, a mechanical device is triggered to prevent overflow of a float type. As a result, the supply of vapors to the double-walled tank is stopped.

After closing the common pipeline vapor removal line, oil product vapors from the tank of a railway tank car are discharged into the atmosphere through an additional high-pressure breathing valve with an absorber filter.

With the arrival of the railway tank car, the level of the absorbent-oil product mixture is checked through the gauge hatch of the tank and, if necessary, the mixture is drained through the drain pipeline. The disadvantages of this installation are 1. Possibility of using only for rail tank cars. 2. Lack of a device that allows pouring a mixture of absorbent and oil product directly into the tank. Also known installation for collecting vapors on truck tanks for petroleum products using a double-walled tank [Matveev YU.A. and other Patent No. 155,732 dated 20.10.2015].

On a tank car with standard equipment, a common pipeline vapor removal line with a check valve is installed, connected to a double-walled tank partially filled with an absorbent, which is equipped with a receiving device for fuel vapors and a safety valve with an absorber filter, while the inter-wall space of the tank is filled with carbon dioxide.

It should be noted that the receiving device of the double-walled tank is equipped with two nets with openings of different diameters for the absorption of oil vapors. The tank is equipped with a drain pipeline with a valve for draining the mixture of absorbent with oil product, as well as stiffening baffles with holes to reduce the speed of movement of the absorbent and prevent water hammer during the movement of the truck tank, as well as for the absorption of vapors of oil products contained in the vapor-air space of the tank.

In order to determine the level of the absorbent, the double-walled tank has a gauge hatch.

To prevent overflow of a mixture of absorbent with oil product, the common pipeline vapor removal line inside the double-walled tank has a horizontal section and is equipped with a mechanical device to prevent overflow of a float type. This device consists of a float, a connecting arm and a piston. A stand is installed inside the vapor discharge line to support the float when the level of the absorbent / oil mixture is insufficient to raise the float. To block the movement of vapors inside the pipeline with a piston, a section with a reduced diameter of the pipeline is equipped with a bushing. The mixture of the absorbent with the oil product enters the common pipeline vapor removal line inside the double-walled tank through the holes.

In order to remove oil vapors when closing a mechanical device to prevent overflows of a float type, the common pipeline vapor removal line is equipped with a high-pressure breathing valve with an absorber filter.

Installation of vapor recovery works as follows. In case of "small" breaths, a breathing valve opens in the tank, and vapors of oil products through a common pipeline through a receiving device with grids enter a double-walled tank with an absorbent. In this case, most of the vapors are converted into liquid due to cooling in a double-walled tank and absorption by an absorbent. Cooling by several degrees Celsius in the tank compared to the vapor space of a car tank occurs due to the fact that the tank has an inter-wall space filled with carbon dioxide, which has a lower thermal conductivity coefficient compared to air [Lukanin V.N. Heat engineering. Textbook for universities. M .: Higher school, 2003]. Another part of the vapors of petroleum products as a result of the movement of the absorbent through the openings of the stiffening partitions throughout the volume of the tank during the movement of the tank car is absorbed by the absorbent. The undissolved part of the vapors of oil products at the outlet from the tank when the safety valve is opened is captured by an absorber filter.

As the level of the absorbent / oil mixture increases, the float begins to rise, setting in motion the connecting lever, which pushes the piston to close the hole in the section with the reduced pipeline diameter. As a result, the supply of vapors to the double-walled tank is stopped. If necessary, the mixture is drained through the drain pipe using a valve.

The disadvantages of this installation are

1. Inability to use a mixture of absorbent and oil product in commercial gasoline without processing.

2. Lack of a device that allows pouring a mixture of absorbent and oil product directly into the tank.

The closest to this problem is an installation for capturing vapors from automobile tanks with the return of the evaporated light fractions to commercial gasolines. [Matveev Yu.A. et al. Patent No. 172486 dated July 11, 2017].

On a tank car with a chassis with wheels, a tank with a neck and a hinged lid, a breathing valve, in addition to the valve body, a common vapor discharge line with a check valve is installed, connected to a double-walled tank partially filled with an absorbent - motor gasoline A-76. The tank is equipped with a receiving device for fuel vapors and a safety valve with an absorber filter, while the inter-wall space of the tank is filled with carbon dioxide.

It should be noted that the receiving device of the double-walled tank is equipped with two nets with openings of different diameters for the absorption of oil vapors. The tank is equipped with a drain pipeline with a valve for draining the mixture of absorbent and oil product, as well as stiffening baffles with holes. In order to determine the level of the absorbent, the double-walled tank has a gauge hatch.

To prevent overflow of a mixture of absorbent (gasoline A-76) with oil product, the common pipeline vapor removal line inside the double-walled tank has a horizontal section and is equipped with a mechanical device to prevent overflow of a float type.

The mixture of the absorbent with the oil product enters the common pipeline vapor removal line inside the double-walled tank through the holes.

In order to remove oil vapors when closing a mechanical device to prevent overflows of a float type, the common pipeline vapor removal line is equipped with a high-pressure breathing valve with an absorber filter.

To reduce the temperature, the outer surface of the double-walled tank is treated with a layer of polyurethane, to which a layer of heat-reflecting paint is applied.

Also, the drain pipeline of a double-walled tank for draining a mixture of absorbent and oil product into a separate container is equipped with an additional section of the pipeline with a valve for draining A-76 gasoline directly into the tank.

The installation works as follows. In case of "small" breaths, the breathing valve opens, and the vapors of oil products through a common pipeline line through a receiving device with grids enter a double-walled reservoir with an absorbent.

In this case, most of the vapors are converted into liquid due to cooling in a double-walled tank and absorption by an absorbent.

Another part of the vapors of petroleum products as a result of the movement of the absorbent through the openings of the stiffening partitions throughout the volume of the tank during the movement of the tank car is absorbed by the absorbent. The undissolved part of the vapors of oil products at the outlet from the tank when the safety valve is opened is captured by an absorber filter.

When the level of the mixture of absorbent with oil product increases to a certain level, a mechanical float-type overflow prevention device stops the supply of vapors to the double-walled tank. After closing the common pipeline vapor removal line, oil product vapors from the tank are discharged into the atmosphere through a high-pressure breathing valve with an absorber filter.

Upon arrival of the tank car at the receiving point, the level of the mixture of the absorbent with the oil product is checked through the gauge hatch of the tank.

It is also possible to drain the mixture directly into the tank car using an additional section of the pipeline with a valve.

The disadvantages of this installation are

1. The inability to separate the capture of vapors at "large" and "small" breaths and the separation of vapors of various petroleum products.

2. Insufficient efficiency of vapor capture during "large" breaths.

The proposed utility model makes it possible to solve the problem of increasing the efficiency of capturing fuel vapors from tank cars during transportation and loading of fuel and to use a mixture of absorbent and oil products in commercial gasolines. Gasoline A-76 and aviation kerosene are used as absorbents.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that the double-walled tank is separated into two sections with the help of a partition, while A-76 gasoline is poured into the first section as an absorbent and it is equipped with a vapor receiver and a device to prevent overflows, and it is poured into the second section as an absorbent aviation kerosene and it is equipped with a receiving pipe, as well as the fact that the common pipeline vapor removal line is equipped with an additional section with a valve for receiving vapors into the second section.

These features are essential for solving the problem of a utility model, since the efficiency of capturing vapors of petroleum products during transportation and filling of fuel increases, the ecological situation in the areas of movement of tank cars improves, an economic effect arises due to the use of a mixture of gasoline and absorbent with commercial gasolines, as well as further processing mixtures of petroleum products.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), which show a front view of an automobile tank and a section of a two-section double-walled tank for collecting vapors.

On the proposed tank car having a chassis with wheels 1, a tank 2 with a neck 3 and a hinged lid 4, a breathing valve 5, in addition to the valve body, a common vapor discharge line 6 with a check valve 7 is installed, connected to a double-walled, two-section tank 8.

Double-walled tank 8 is made of two sections. In this case, the first section is partially filled with absorbent 9 (motor gasoline A-76), equipped with a receiving device 10 for fuel vapors and a safety valve 11 with an absorber filter 12.

It should be noted that the inter-wall space of the two-section tank 8 is filled with carbon dioxide 13.

The receiving device of the first section of the tank 8 is equipped with two nets with holes of different diameters 14, 15 for the absorption of oil vapors. The reservoir 8 is equipped with drain pipelines 16 with valves 17 for draining the mixture of the absorbent with oil product, as well as stiffening baffles 18 with holes 19 to reduce the speed of movement of the absorbent 9 and prevent water hammer during the movement of the truck tank, as well as for the absorption of vapors of oil products contained in the steam-air tank space 8.

In order to determine the level of absorbent on the tank 8, there are gauge hatches 20.

To prevent the overflow of the absorbent-oil product mixture, the common vapor removal pipeline 6 inside the first section of the double-walled tank 8 has a horizontal section and is equipped with a mechanical device for preventing overflows of a float type 21.

The mixture of the absorbent with the oil product enters the common vapor removal pipeline 6 inside the double-walled tank through the openings 22.

In order to remove oil vapors when closing the mechanical device to prevent overflows of the float type 21 in the first section of the tank 8, the common pipeline vapor removal line 6 is equipped with a high-pressure breathing valve 23 with an absorber filter 12.

To reduce the temperature, the outer surface of the double-walled tank 8 is treated with a layer of polyurethane 24, on which a layer of heat-reflecting paint 25 is applied. Polyurethane has a low coefficient of thermal conductivity.

Also, the drain pipeline 16 in the first section of the tank 8 for draining the mixture of absorbent and oil product into a separate container is equipped with an additional section of the pipeline 26 with a valve 27 for draining A-76 gasoline directly into the tank 2.

The second section of the double-walled tank 8 is designed to capture vapors of petroleum products from "large" ones associated with the filling of fuel into a car tank. For division into sections, the tank 8 is equipped with a partition 28. In this case, the second section is partially filled with absorbent 9 (aviation kerosene), equipped with a receiving pipe 29 for fuel vapors, a safety valve 11 with an absorber filter 12 and a gauge hatch 20. Also, the second section of the tank 8 is equipped with a drain pipeline 16 with valve 17 for draining the mixture of absorbent with oil.

The common pipeline line for removing vapors 6 is equipped with a valve 30 and an additional section 31 with a valve 32. The valve 30 is designed to supply vapors to 1 section of the tank 8, and the valve 32 to the second section.

The average July temperature in the Volga region is 21 ° С, and in June 20 ° С [Matveev Yu.A. and others. Radiation, chemical and biological safety. Tutorial. Ulyanovsk. UlSU, 2009.]. The main vapors of gasoline vapors occur in the temperature range from 30 to 35 ° C. Therefore, in a double-walled, two-section tank 8, which has an inter-wall space with carbon dioxide, a layer of polyurethane with heat-reflecting paint, the maximum temperature of the absorbent can be 20-22 ° C. The specified temperature makes it possible to transfer gasoline vapors coming from the tank car from "small" breaths in the first section of the tank 8 into a liquid state.

The utility model works as follows. In case of "small" breaths associated with a change in temperature and an increase in the pressure of the vapor space in the tank, a breathing valve 5 and a vapor of oil products are opened along a common pipeline 6 through a check valve 7, a valve 30 and a receiving device 10 with nets having holes of various diameters 14, 15 , enter the first section of the double-walled tank 8 with absorbent 9 (motor gasoline A-76). In this case, the valve 32 for supplying vapors to the second section of the reservoir 8 is closed.

It should be noted that most of the vapors are converted to liquid due to cooling in the first section of the double-walled tank and absorption by the absorbent.

Cooling in the tank compared to the vapor space of a tank car occurs due to the fact that the tank has an inter-wall space filled with carbon dioxide 13, from the outside covered with polyurethane 24 with reflective paint 25. Carbon dioxide and polyurethane have low thermal conductivity coefficients.

Another part of the oil vapors as a result of the movement of the absorbent through the holes 19 of the stiffening partitions 18 throughout the volume of the first section of the tank during the movement of the tank car is absorbed by the absorbent 9. The undissolved part of the oil vapors at the outlet from the tank when the safety valve 11 is opened is captured by the absorber filter 12.

When the level of the mixture of the absorbent with the oil product increases to a certain level, the mechanical device for preventing overflows of the float type 21 stops the supply of vapors to the first section of the double-walled tank. After closing the common pipeline for removing vapors 6, vapors of oil products from tank 2 are discharged into the atmosphere through a high-pressure breathing valve 23 with an absorber filter 12.

Upon arrival of the tank car at the receiving point, the level of the mixture of the absorbent with the oil product is checked through the gauge hatch 20 of the first section of the tank. If necessary, the mixture is drained through the drain pipeline 16 using the valve 17. It is also possible to drain the mixture directly into the tank car 2 using an additional section of the pipeline 26 with a valve 27.

It should be noted that gasoline vapors of the normal A-80, regular - 92, premium - 95 and super - 98 brands, turning into a liquid state, are mixed with A-76 gasoline. This mixture of gasolines can be added without loss of quality to commercial gasolines of grades A-76 and normal A-80.

With "large" breaths associated with the loading of oil and an increase in the pressure of the vapor space in the tank, the breathing valve 5 and oil vapors are opened along the common pipeline 6 through the check valve 7, an additional section 31 with the valve 32 and the intake pipe 29 enter the second section of the double-walled reservoir 8 with absorbent 9 (aviation kerosene). In this case, the valve 30 for supplying vapors to the first section of the reservoir 8 is closed.

It should be noted that most of the vapors turn into liquid due to absorption by an absorbent - aviation kerosene, so gasoline vapors from "large" breaths turn into liquid at temperatures from 0 to minus 10 ° Celsius.

The undissolved part of the vapors of oil products at the outlet from the tank when the safety valve 11 is opened is captured by the absorber filter 12. Upon arrival of the tank car at the receiving point, the level of the absorbent-oil product mixture is checked through the gauge hatch 20 of the second section of the tank. If necessary, the mixture is drained through the drain pipe 16 using the valve 17.

In the case of filling a car tank with oil products such as diesel fuel or kerosene, the fumes from "small" and "large" breaths occur in the second section of the tank 8.

The utility model makes it possible to capture vapors of petroleum products from tank cars, and also significantly reduces emissions of fuel vapors into the atmosphere. At the same time, overflow of a mixture of vapors of oil products with an absorbent from a double-walled, two-section tank is prevented. Also, the utility model causes an economic effect associated with the further use of refrigerated vapors of petroleum products in commercial gasolines and the delivery of a mixture of gasoline and aviation kerosene for further processing.

Claims (1)

Installation for collecting vapors from tank cars using a two-section tank, including a breathing valve, a vapor discharge pipeline with a device to prevent overflows, a double-walled reservoir with an absorbent, gate valves, a drain pipeline, characterized in that the double-walled reservoir is separated into two sections by a partition, when At the same time, A-76 gasoline is poured into the first section as an absorbent and it is equipped with a receiving device for vapors and a device to prevent overflows, aviation kerosene is poured into the second section as an absorbent and it is equipped with a receiving pipe, as well as the fact that the common pipeline vapor discharge line equipped with an additional section with a valve for receiving vapors into the second section.

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