RU183567U1 - Three-section tank for collecting gasoline vapors - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to devices for trapping vapors of petroleum products and can be used in the oil industry. The tank is divided into three sections by partitions, the first and third sections are designed to receive vapors from “big and small breaths”, respectively, and the second section to receive vapors from the first and the second section, while the low-octane component is used as the absorbent in the second section. In the first section, a shaft with centrifugal wheels, a refrigeration unit and a device for receiving vapors are installed, and a low-octane component is used as an absorbent. The third section is equipped with a device for receiving vapors, and A-76 gasoline is used as absorbent in it. The tank is also equipped with two pressure sensors in the first and third sections, a temperature sensor in the section for receiving vapors from "big breaths" and a steam line with a check valve in the second section. The technical result is achieved by setting the required temperature in the first section with further trapping of vapors from "big respiration ”using a refrigeration unit and a low-octane component, vapor recovery in the third section from“ small breaths ”by lowering temperature and A-76 gasoline, as well as minimizing Passing vapor from the first and third sections of the second by controlling the pressure sensors and timely pumping oil.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to devices for trapping vapors of oil products and can be used in the oil industry and other oil product supply industries.

The utility model is most applicable when issuing, storing and receiving automobile gasolines of various brands at oil depots. Air basin pollution at oil depots occurs when oil product vapors are released during “large” and “small breaths” of tanks, fuel is released into the tanks of cars, improper installation of breathing equipment, and other reasons. Losses from "big breaths" are due to the displacement of the vapor-air mixture (PVA) from the reservoir when receiving the oil product. In this case, the volume of gas space decreases and the breathing valve is activated. Losses from “small” breaths are caused by daily fluctuations in temperature and partial pressure of fuel vapor (mainly gasoline) in the gas space of the tank [V.G. Kovalenko Ecological safety in oil products supply systems and automobile transport. M .: LitNefteGaz, 2004].

The temperature of petroleum products stored in ground tanks depends on the ambient temperature. In the summer, oil products in ground vertical steel tanks (PBC) are heated to 30 degrees Celsius or more. The gas boiling point is 35 degrees Celsius V.V. [Anferov, V.G. Kovalenko, A.N. Rementsov. Technical equipment and personnel in oil products supply systems. Tutorial. M: MADI. 2006]. At this temperature, low-boiling gasoline fractions turn into steam and escape into the environment through a breathing valve.

Characteristic features in the operation of oil depots are the storage, reception and delivery of fuel to railway and automobile tanks. This means significant evaporation loss. This problem not only leads to fuel losses, but also negatively affects the health of the population. Combating the loss of fuel from “big and small breaths” of tanks at oil depots is becoming an important environmental and economic challenge.

A known installation of vapor recovery of petroleum products from automobile tanks and tanks using a cooling mixture [Yu.A. Matveev et al. Utility Model Patent No. 122994 of December 20, 2012. Installation for vapor recovery of petroleum products from automobile tanks and tanks using a cooling mixture].

In this installation, a removable device is mounted on the neck of a car tank on a flexible sleeve, which is connected to a section of the steam pipeline of a loading and unloading trestle. A compressor for pumping oil vapor and a non-return valve are installed on the steam pipeline section. The section of the steam pipeline of the loading and unloading trestle is connected to the main steam pipeline with a non-return valve and a valve that connects to a recessed horizontal steel tank. The tank is equipped with an activated carbon filter-absorber and a device for receiving oil vapor. The recessed tank is half filled with a low-octane component, which is used as diesel fuel. The main steam line under the earth's surface is a coil-type heat exchanger with a cooling mixture representing a 15% aqueous solution of sodium carbonate. This cooling mixture is economically feasible, since it has a low cost and high efficiency, which allows to reduce the temperature in the heat exchanger to 7-9 degrees Celsius relative to the temperature of the earth's surface. The cooling mixture from the tank is fed to the heat exchanger through a cooling system pipe equipped with valves using a pump. Water in the tank for the cooling mixture is supplied from the fire line. The heat exchanger is equipped with elbows and a drain valve for draining the cooling mixture. The cooling system with heat exchanger, pump and tank is located underground in the technological well.

Installation works as follows. Through the inlet pipe of the automobile tank, the oil enters the tanker. An excessive vapor pressure is created in the tank. At the same time, the vapors along the flexible hose enter the section of the steam line and are pumped out with the help of the compressor through the check valve open under the compressor pressure into the main steam line connected to the additional tank equipped with a receiving device. Vapors pass through a heat exchanger with a pumped cooling mixture, which is supplied from the tank through the pipeline of the cooling system using a pump. In this case, the main part of gaseous hydrocarbons as a result of cooling in the heat exchanger turns into a liquid state, and vapors that do not pass into the liquid are stratified by two partitions with holes of various diameters and absorbed by the low-octane component. The insoluble part of the gaseous hydrocarbons at the outlet of the tank is captured by the filter-absorber.

During “large” and “small” breathing with increasing pressure of the vapor space of the vertical tank, the working pressure breathing valve opens, and the oil vapor passes through the steam line to the heat exchanger with the pumped cooling mixture, which is supplied from the tank through the cooling system pipe using a pump. After the heat exchanger, a mixture of vapors with liquid oil enters the receiver and into the reservoir with the low-octane component.

The disadvantages of this installation are:

1. Low efficiency of vapor absorption of petroleum products by low-octane petroleum product. High consumption of absorbent.

2. The inability to capture light fractions of gasoline without mixing with a low-octane component.

Known absorption installation for vapor recovery ASUR-PB [Anferov, V.G. Kovalenko, A.N. Rementsov. Technical equipment and personnel in oil products supply systems. Tutorial. M: MADI. 2006]. This unit is designed to capture and recover vapors of oil products at gas stations, oil depots, oil refineries. The installation is based on the principle of absorption - the absorption of hydrocarbons by a liquid absorbent. Diesel fuel is used as an absorbent. The installation consists of two units: absorption and refrigeration, as well as a control panel. In the absorption unit, vapor is captured by the cooled absorbent. The refrigeration unit is designed to cool the coolant and supply it to the absorption unit. The control panel provides automatic installation. Inside the absorption block on the bearings, a rotor is installed, which is a shaft with bearing discs mounted on it. Thin ring contact disks are installed on each carrier disk so that a certain gap is maintained between them. In the upper part of the absorption block there are inlet and outlet nozzles for vapors, in the lower for absorbent. The housing of the absorption unit is filled with absorbent material to a certain level.

Installation works as follows. When the rotor rotates on the surface of the contact disks immersed in diesel fuel, a thin absorbent film is formed. Air contaminated with oil vapor enters the absorption block through the inlet pipe, passes through the gaps between the contact disks, is cleaned by giving hydrocarbons to the absorbent, and leaves the absorption block through the outlet pipe. Absorbent flows towards the flow of the vapor-air mixture along the bottom of the block. The rotation of the rotor, partially immersed in diesel fuel, provides a constant replacement of the absorbent film. To reduce the temperature of the absorbent, the installation includes a refrigeration unit, which is performed as a separate unit. The decrease in temperature of the absorbent occurs in the heat exchanger.

To capture the vapors from the tanks of cars using the ASUR-PB installation, the fuel dispensers are equipped with units for collecting oil vapor from the necks of the fuel tanks of automobiles. These are special dispensing taps with additional valves for collecting vapors, two-channel dispensing hoses for venting vapors into reservoirs, a unit for supplying vapors to the reservoir, special valves that balance fuel and vapor consumption. When refueling tanks of machines, the installation works as follows. Oil product vapors from car tanks are pumped out by a column unit through a dispensing tap, a two-channel dispensing sleeve, a steam line to the tank from which the cars are refueling.

The disadvantages of this installation are:

1. Large electric power consumption by refrigeration and absorption units and a unit for supplying vapors from automobile tanks.

2. High consumption of absorbent.

3. The inability to capture light fractions of gasoline without mixing with a low-octane component.

Also known installation of vapor recovery of petroleum products with periodic operation of the refrigeration unit at gas stations [Yu.A. Matveev et al. Utility Model Patent No. 141280 of 05/27/2014. Petroleum vapor vapor recovery unit with periodic operation of the refrigeration unit at gas stations].

On a horizontal steel tank having a device for dispensing fuel, a drain device, a breathing valve, additionally on the body of the breathing valve, a horizontal pipe line with a valve and a check valve is installed horizontally, which is connected to the main steam line connected to the recessed tank. The recessed tank is equipped with a breathing valve, an activated charcoal filter-absorber and a device for receiving oil vapor, and is also half-filled with a low-octane component.

The main steam line under the earth's surface is a coil-type heat exchanger. The heat exchanger is equipped with cooling lines and connected to the refrigeration unit. For the purpose of turning on and off, the refrigeration unit is connected by a communication line to the corresponding relay and is located underground in the technological well.

Also, the dispensing valve, which is inserted into the fuel tank of the car, is equipped with a two-channel dispensing sleeve connected to the fuel dispenser. Vapors of petroleum products through the hose are fed through the unit to the section of the steam line, and then through the low pressure check valve to a separate tank for collecting vapors. The vapor collection tank is equipped with an appropriate pressure gauge. The manometer through a communication line is connected to the corresponding relay to turn on the refrigeration unit. Vapors of oil products pumped out of the tanks of the machines, due to the supply of the unit, accumulate in the tank up to a certain pressure, for which the high-pressure check valve is designed. Vapor pressure is recorded by the corresponding pressure gauge, which is connected by a communication line to the corresponding relay. The relay includes an electric motor connected by means of a coupling to a shaft on which centrifugal wheels are located. Also, the relay is connected by a communication line to the corresponding electric motor to open the valve.

Installation works as follows. Through the drain device, the oil enters the tank. The operator turns on the refrigeration unit. With increasing pressure, the plate of the tank breathing valve and the vapor rises through the open pipeline system, the check valve enters the main steam line connected to the additional tank equipped with a receiving device. Vapors pass through a heat exchanger.

In this case, the main part of gaseous hydrocarbons as a result of cooling in the heat exchanger turns into a liquid state, and vapors that do not pass into the liquid are absorbed by the low-octane component. The insoluble part of the gaseous hydrocarbons at the outlet of the tank through the breathing valve is captured by the filter-absorber. Vapors from car tanks are refilled with oil product during refueling. On a two-channel sleeve, with the help of the unit, through the section of the steam line and the low-pressure check valve, the vapor enters the vapor collection tank. Upon reaching a certain vapor pressure, the corresponding pressure gauge, through the communication line and the corresponding relay, turns on the refrigeration unit to establish the specified temperature regime, which should be in the range from minus 5 to minus 10 degrees Celsius. Vapors accumulate in the tank to the response pressure of the overpressure check valve. When the set pressure is reached, the corresponding manometer through the communication line and the corresponding relay includes an electric motor for rotating the shaft with centrifugal wheels. At the same time, through the communication line, the corresponding relay switches on the corresponding electric motor to open the valve.

After opening the non-return valve of high pressure and the valve, the pairs of oil products through the steam pipe enter the heat exchanger with the set temperature regime. Then the mixture of vapors with liquid oil enters the receiving device and into the tank with a rotating shaft and centrifugal wheels. In the tank, oil vapor is absorbed by the low-octane component sprinkled throughout the volume.

The disadvantages of this installation are:

1. The inability to capture light fractions of gasoline without mixing with a low-octane component.

2. Low efficiency with "small breaths" of tanks.

Also known installation of vapor recovery of petroleum products with an additional reservoir for collecting vapors and a cooling system for ground vertical steel tanks [Yu.A. Matveev Yu.A. and others. Patent for utility model No. 142402 dated 06/27/2014. Installation for vapor recovery of petroleum products with an additional reservoir for collecting vapors and a cooling system for surface vertical steel tanks]. The proposed tank, which has standard equipment, is equipped with an additional steam line with a check valve and a valve that connects to a recessed horizontal steel tank. The tank is equipped with a valve, activated charcoal filter-absorber and a device for receiving oil vapor. The recessed tank is half filled with a low-octane component. An additional steam line underground passes through a heat exchanger with a cooling mixture. The cooling mixture from the tank is fed to the heat exchanger through the pipe of the cooling system using a pump. Also, the steam line through the section of the steam line with the corresponding valve is connected to an additional tank for collecting vapors. At the opening of the breathing valve of the working pressure, oil vapor is recorded by a manometer, which turns on the compressor through the communication line using the appropriate relay. Vapors of oil products are supplied through a steam pipeline to a section of the steam pipeline, and then through a low pressure check valve to an additional tank for collecting vapor. Vapors of oil products accumulate in the tank to a certain pressure. The vapor pressure in the section of the steam line after the check valve of the increased pressure is recorded by the corresponding pressure gauge, which is connected by a communication line to the corresponding relay. The relay using a communication line includes an electric motor connected by means of a coupling with a shaft on which centrifugal wheels are located. Also, through the communication line, the corresponding relay includes a pump for supplying the cooling mixture through the heat exchanger. Installation works as follows. When receiving fuel, the operator includes an electric motor for rotating the centrifugal wheels and a pump for supplying the cooling mixture to the heat exchanger. In order to catch the vapors during “big breaths”, the breathing valve opens, the non-return valve and through the steam line connected to the recessed reservoir, the vapors enter the heat exchanger with the pumped cooling mixture. In this case, the main part of the fuel vapor as a result of cooling in the heat exchanger turns into a liquid state, and the vapor that has not passed into the liquid is absorbed by the low-octane component, which is mixed throughout the tank by centrifugal wheels. With "small breaths", with increasing pressure of the vapor space of the tank, the breathing valve also opens, and oil vapor enters the steam line and section of the steam line. The flow of vapor into the steam line is recorded by a suitable pressure gauge, which includes a compressor. After the pressure in the steam line drops, the compressor automatically shuts off. With the help of a compressor, vapors enter an additional reservoir for collecting vapors, where they accumulate to the operating pressure of the overpressure check valve. The flow of vapor into the section of the steam line after the high pressure check valve is recorded by a manometer, which includes an electric motor for rotating the shaft with centrifugal wheels. Also, through the communication line, the relay includes a pump for supplying the cooling mixture through the heat exchanger. After opening the check valve of the increased pressure, oil product vapors enter the heat exchanger with the pumped cooling mixture. Then the mixture of vapors with liquid oil enters the receiving device and into the tank with a rotating shaft and centrifugal wheels. In the tank, oil vapor is absorbed by the low-octane component. After closing the high-pressure check valve, the operator opens the valve, and the oil vapor due to the increased pressure in a similar way enters the buried tank. The disadvantages of this installation are:

1. The inability to capture vapors during "small breaths" without mixing the light fractions of gasoline with a low-octane component.

2. Low installation efficiency.

3. High consumption of the cooling mixture.

4. Lack of separation when taking vapors from "small and large breaths."

Closest to this problem is a two-section tank for trapping oil vapor. [Yu.A. Matveev et al. Utility Model Patent No. 172530 of 07/11/2017. Two-section tank for collecting oil vapor].

The tank is equipped with a breathing valve, an activated charcoal filter-absorber and devices for receiving oil vapor, which has two partitions with openings of different diameters for crushing vapor bubbles.

The tank is divided into two sections by an internal partition. The first section of the tank is designed to receive fumes from the "big breaths", and the second section to receive fumes from the "big breaths". The low-octane component is poured into the first section of the tank as an absorbent. And in the second section of the tank, summer-type gasoline A-76 is poured as absorbent.

A shaft with centrifugal wheels is mounted in the first section of the tank. The shaft is mounted on bearings. Also, a refrigeration unit is installed in the lower part of the first half of the tank, which is designed to convert vapors from "big breaths" into a liquid. The tank for receiving vapors is equipped with an intake pipe for pumping petroleum products (a mixture of petroleum products) and is located below the earth's surface.

The utility model works as follows. When receiving fuel into the tank, the operator opens the corresponding valve of the steam line. Through a device for receiving oil vapor, oil vapor enters the first section of the tank. In order to catch the vapors during "big" breaths, a shaft with centrifugal wheels is turned on to mix the low-octane component throughout the entire volume of the first section of the tank. The refrigeration unit is also included in this section.

In this case, the main part of the fuel vapor as a result of cooling passes into the liquid state, and the vapor that has not passed into the liquid is absorbed by the low-octane component. The insoluble part of the oil vapor at the outlet of the reservoir during the operation of the breathing valve is captured by the filter-absorber. After the end of reception of the oil product, the operator turns off the refrigeration unit, the shaft, and then closes the corresponding valve of the steam line.

With "small breaths" the operator opens the corresponding valve of the steam line. Vapors of fuel through a device for receiving vapors of petroleum products enter the second section of the tank.

In this section of the tank, fuel vapors are converted to liquid by lowering the temperature and absorbing oil product vapors with A-76 gasoline.

After filling the tank, the oil product (oil mixture) is pumped through the intake pipe.

The disadvantages of this tank are:

1. Low vapor recovery efficiency.

2. High consumption of filter-absorbers due to the release of vapors from sections of the tank.

3. Lack of control over the pressure and temperature of the vapor in the tank.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that the reservoir with internal partitions is divided into three sections, the first and third sections for receiving fumes from the "big and small breaths", respectively, and the second section for receiving fumes from the first and second sections, while as an absorbent in the second The section uses a low-octane component, as well as the fact that the tank is additionally equipped with two pressure sensors in the first and third sections, a temperature sensor in the section for receiving vapors from "big breaths" and a steam line with a return upan on the second section.

These signs are essential for solving the utility model problem, since the efficiency of trapping oil vapor in reservoirs is increased, the consumption of absorbent and consumed electric energy is reduced, and savings are also made by trapping light fractions of marketable gasolines with their subsequent use.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated in the drawing (Fig. 1), which shows a section of a tank for trapping oil vapor. The tank 1 is equipped with breathing valves 2, an activated charcoal filter-absorber 3 and devices for receiving oil vapor 4, which has two partitions with openings of different diameters of 5.6 for crushing vapor bubbles.

The tank 1 is divided into three sections by internal partitions 7. The first section of the tank is designed to receive fumes from the "big breaths", the third section to receive fumes from the "small breaths", and the second section to receive fumes from the first and third sections. The low-octane component 8 (winter-type diesel fuel) is poured into the first section of the tank as an absorbent. Summer-type A-76 gasoline 9 is poured into the third section of the tank as an absorbent. And the low-octane component 8 is poured into the second section. “Big breaths” are associated with the displacement of the vapor-air mixture when oil is received into the tanks. To transfer gasoline vapors during "big breaths" into a liquid, it is necessary to lower the temperature in the tank below zero degrees Celsius. "Small breaths" are associated with an increase (change) in ambient temperature and temperature in the tank. To transfer vapors during “small breaths” into a liquid, it is necessary to lower the temperature in the tank below the boiling point of gasoline (35 ° C) by 10-15 degrees Celsius. The temperature in the underground tank allows you to transfer the vapor with "small breaths" into the liquid without additional cooling systems.

A shaft 10 with centrifugal wheels 11 is installed in the first section of the tank. The shaft is mounted on bearing bearings 12. A refrigeration unit 13 is also installed in the lower part of the first section of the tank, which is designed to convert vapors from "big breaths" into liquid. The tank for receiving vapors 1 is equipped with intake pipes 14 for pumping gasoline (a mixture of petroleum products) and is located under the earth's surface 15.

Additionally, the tank 1 is equipped with two pressure sensors 16 in the first and third sections, a temperature sensor 17 in the section for receiving vapors from "big breaths", as well as a steam line 18 with a check valve 19 in the second section. The non-return valve is installed on the pipe supplying steam 20 to the second section.

Pressure sensors are necessary to monitor the pressure in the first and third sections of the tank 1 in order to timely pump out the oil product (mixture of oil products) and to prevent the passage of vapor through the steam line 18 through the breathing valve 2 and the check valve 19 from the second section. The non-return valve is designed so that it passes vapors only in one direction - into the second section.

The utility model works as follows. When receiving gasoline into the tank, the operator switches on the refrigeration unit 13 in advance and monitors the temperature in the first section of the tank 1 using the temperature sensor 17. The temperature should be in the range from minus 10 to minus 20 degrees Celsius.

Then the operator opens the corresponding valve of the steam pipe of the ground vertical tank. Through a device for receiving oil vapor 4, which has two partitions with openings of different diameters of 5.6, oil vapor pairs 21 enter the first section of the tank 1. In order to catch the vapors with "big" breaths, a shaft 10 is turned on with centrifugal wheels 11 for mixing low-octane component 8 throughout the volume of the first section of the tank 1. Also in this section, the cooling unit 13.

In this case, the bulk of the fuel vapor 21 as a result of cooling passes into a liquid state. Vapors that have not passed into the liquid are absorbed by the low-octane component 8. The undissolved part of the oil vapor at the outlet of the first section of the tank 1 with increasing pressure during operation of the breathing valve 2 and the non-return valve 19 through the steam supply pipe 20 enters section two. After receiving gasoline, the operator turns off the refrigeration unit 13, shaft 10, and then closes the corresponding valve of the steam pipeline at the tank farm.

With "small breaths" the operator opens the corresponding valve of the steam line at the tank farm. Vapors of gasoline 21 through the device for receiving vapors of petroleum products 4 enter the third section of the tank 1.

In this section of the tank 1, fuel vapors are converted to liquid by lowering the temperature and absorbing the oil vapor by A-76 gasoline. A decrease in temperature occurs due to the fact that the reservoir 1 is underground, and the reservoirs into which the petroleum product enters are located at the tank farm above the ground. The insoluble part of the oil vapor at the outlet of the third section of the reservoir 1 with increasing pressure during operation of the breathing valve 2 and the non-return valve 19 through the steam supply pipe 20 enters section two.

After filling the sections of the tank 1, the oil product (oil mixture) is pumped through the intake pipes 14.

In order to reduce the transition of vapors from the first and third sections to the second, the operator monitors the pressure values in the indicated sections and timely pumps the oil product (oil product mixture) from the first and third sections. In some cases, when the breathing valve 2 is triggered in the second section, the oil vapor is trapped by the filter-absorber 3.

Periodic operation of the shaft and the refrigeration unit in the first section of the tank significantly reduces energy consumption. A mixture of light fractions of gasoline with A-76 gasoline in the third section of the tank can be used to add Normal-80 and A-76 grades to commercial gasolines, which causes a significant economic effect.

Also, by minimizing the transition of gasoline vapors from the first and third sections to the second, the costs of replacing and cleaning the filter-absorber are reduced.

Claims (1)

Three-section tank for trapping gasoline vapors, comprising separate sections, a shaft with centrifugal wheels, a refrigeration unit, devices for receiving vapors, intake pipes, an filter absorber and absorbent, characterized in that the tank is divided into three sections by internal partitions, the first and third sections for receiving the vapors from the "big and small breaths", respectively, and the second section for receiving vapors from the first and third sections, while the low-octane component is used as absorbent in the second section, as well as the fact that ezervuar further equipped with two pressure sensors at the first and third sections, temperature sensor section for receiving vapor from the "big breaths" steam pipe and with a check valve on the second section.

Images