RU183284U1 - Car fuel tank with gasoline vapor recovery tank - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to transport engineering, in particular to devices for collecting vapors from fuel tanks.

The technical device includes a double-walled fuel tank connected through a steam line having a valve with a catching capacity. The capacity is in turn connected by a ventilation pipe to the engine intake pipe and is equipped with a drain valve. The steam line is designed to supply steam to the tank. In this case, the inter-wall space of the tank is filled with carbon dioxide, which has a low coefficient of thermal conductivity. Also, the neck of the tank is equipped with a rubber sealing ring. Valves are intended for release of steam.

The technical result when refueling a car is achieved by trapping oil vapor from the fuel tank into a tank with further vapor burning in the engine cylinders, and also due to the fact that due to the inter-wall space with carbon dioxide, vapors from “small” breaths associated with temperature increase will not occur.

Description

The utility model relates to vapor recovery devices and can be used in transport engineering to reduce vehicle toxicity.

This utility model is most applicable for capturing vapors of high-octane oil products from gas tanks of automobiles. High-octane petroleum products primarily include gasoline.

Air pool pollution during equipment operation occurs when fuel vapors are released in the process of “small” breathing of fuel tanks. Losses from “small” breaths are caused by daily fluctuations in temperature and partial pressure of fuel vapor (mainly gasoline) in the gas space of the tank. The temperature of petroleum products in fuel tanks depends on the ambient temperature. In the summer, oil products in tanks are heated to 30 ° C or more. The gas boiling point is 35 ° C [A.S. Safonov et al. Automotive fuels. Chemotology. Operational properties. Range. SPb .: NPIKTS, 2002].

At this temperature, low-boiling gasoline fractions turn into steam and escape into the environment through a breathing valve.

Losses from "big" breaths are associated with refueling fuel tanks with gasoline at gas stations. The oil enters the fuel tank and displaces gasoline vapors. The vapor pressure increases, which leads to the release of vapor into the atmosphere [A.S. Safonov et al. Automotive fuels. Chemotology. Operational properties. Range. SPb .: NPIKTS, 2002].

Atmospheric pollution by vapors of petroleum products has a harmful effect on the environment and human health. Vapors of oil products belong to the fourth group of danger. Therefore, the main requirements of environmental safety during the operation of automobiles is to reduce the concentration of oil product vapors released in the process of “small” and large breathing fuel tanks. Fuel tanks of such brands of cars as Gazelle, ZIL, PAZ can hold 100 liters of gasoline or more.

Combating the loss of gasoline vapor during the operation of machinery is becoming an important environmental and economic challenge.

Known installation of vapor recovery of petroleum products from tanks and tanks of cars at gas stations [Yu.A. Matveev et al. Utility Model Patent No. 131479 of 08/20/2013. Installation for the capture of oil vapor from reservoirs and tanks of vehicles at gas stations]. In this installation, the dispensing valve, which is inserted into the fuel tank of the car, is equipped with a two-channel dispensing sleeve connected to the fuel dispenser. Vapors of petroleum products through the hose are fed through the unit to the section of the steam line, and then through the low pressure check valve to a separate tank for collecting vapors. Vapors of oil products pumped out of the tanks of the machines, due to the supply of the unit, accumulate in the tank up to a certain pressure, for which the high-pressure check valve is designed. Vapor pressure is recorded by a manometer, which is connected by a communication line to the relay. The relay includes an electric motor connected by means of a coupling to a shaft on which centrifugal wheels are located.

After the high pressure check valve is opened, oil product vapors enter the heat exchanger with the pumped cooling mixture through the steam line. Then the mixture of vapors with liquid oil enters the tank with a rotating shaft and centrifugal wheels. In the tank, oil vapor is absorbed by the low-octane component sprinkled throughout the volume.

The disadvantages of this installation are:

1. The possibility of use only during refueling at gas stations.

2. A low percentage of equipment with these gas station settings.

The largest amount of fuel vapor comes from the fuel tank. The factors of fuel losses from gas tanks are significantly affected by design factors that determine the temperature of the fuel in the tank, the free evaporation surface, and the restriction of fuel mixing during vehicle movement. Therefore, to reduce fuel losses from gas tanks of cars, the heating of tanks from the exhaust system of the car, as well as from sunlight, is eliminated whenever possible. To capture fuel fumes from the fuel tank, special systems have been developed that do not impair the power, economic and toxic characteristics of cars.

Known fuel tank ventilation system [E.L. Savich. Cars. Tutorial. M .: New knowledge, 2009]. This system includes a fuel tank, an activated charcoal adsorber, an electric gas pump, steam lines, fuel lines, an adsorber purge solenoid valve, an injection nozzle, an intake manifold, sensors: crankshaft speed, coolant temperature and oxygen, engine control unit.

With increasing vapor pressure of gasoline in the tank, fuel vapor enters the adsorber and is retained in it. The adsorber is a container with connected nozzles, filled with a surfactant - an adsorbent. Adsorbents, in addition to high absorption capacity, should have stable characteristics when the ambient temperature changes, effective desorption (liberation of accumulated vapors) and stability during repeated repetition of adsorption-desorption cycles, immunity to atmospheric moisture, and high mechanical strength. The most acceptable adsorbent is activated carbon AG-3, obtained from coal and semi-coke.

After processing the input signals, the engine control unit issues a command to open the solenoid valve. As a result, the fuel vapor accumulated in the adsorber is discharged into the engine intake pipe and then burned in its cylinders. In this case, the ratio of fuel and air in the mixture changes briefly.

The disadvantages of this device are:

1. Low efficiency of vapor condensation in the adsorber.

2. The lack of a device for draining water in the fuel tank.

3. A large number of vapors when refueling a car at a gas station.

4. A short-term change in the ratio of fuel and air in the mixture during the removal of vapors into the intake manifold of the engine.

Also known is a centralized injection system that provides an adsorber for absorbing gasoline vapors from a feed system [V.R. Buryachko, A.V. Hook. Car engines. Duty cycles. Indicators and characteristics. Methods to increase energy conversion efficiency. St. Petersburg: NPKIC, 2005]. This system includes a fuel tank, an activated carbon adsorber separator, an electric gas pump, steam lines, fuel lines, safety and gravity valves, an adsorber purge valve, an injection nozzle, and an engine intake pipe.

With an increase in the pressure of gasoline vapors in the tank, fuel vapors enter the separator, and then through the valve system to the adsorber and are retained in it. The adsorber is a container with connected nozzles, filled with a surfactant - an adsorbent. After creating a certain pressure in the adsorber through the purge valve, gasoline vapors are discharged through the steam line into the engine intake pipe and then burned in its cylinders.

The disadvantages of this system are:

1. Low efficiency of vapor condensation in the adsorber and separator.

2. The lack of a device for draining water in the fuel tank.

3. A large number of vapors when refueling a car at a gas station.

4. The complexity and high cost of construction.

Also known is a system for collecting fuel vapor [Ushakov S.I. et al. Utility Model Patent No. 45477 of 05/10/2005. Fuel Evaporation Capture System].

The system contains a fuel tank connected through a steam supply pipe to a collecting tank - a separator. Next, the separator is connected by a non-condensed steam supply pipe to an activated carbon adsorber tank. A fuel tank valve is installed on the non-condensed steam supply pipe.

The adsorber through the solenoid valve purge adsorber is connected by a purge pipe to the inlet system - the inlet receiver of the engine.

The steam supply pipeline is intended both for supplying fuel vapor from the fuel tank to the separator, and for draining condensed in the fuel separator into the fuel tank.

The separator is made in the form of a manhole cover and is installed in the floor panel, under which the fuel tank is placed. The fuel vapor recovery system is designed to limit the emission of fuel vapor into the atmosphere from the vehicle’s fuel tank.

The system applies the principles of: condensation of hydrocarbons on the surface of the separator; trapping the remaining vapors with a carbon adsorber; burning them with the engine running (adsorber purge mode).

The separator is designed to condense the fuel vapor coming from the fuel tank through the steam supply pipe. Condensation occurs when fuel vapors with a higher temperature come into contact with the walls of the separator, and then flow back into the fuel tank through a pipeline.

The remaining part of the fuel vapor, which did not turn into a liquid state, enters the adsorber through the pipeline for supplying non-condensed vapor through the valve of the fuel tank.

The adsorber is designed to trap gasoline vapors and hold them with the engine off. In the upper part of the adsorber, an adsorber purge valve is installed, designed to switch the adsorber to the purge (regeneration) mode, during which the adsorber is connected to the inlet receiver of the engine. Blowing is done by vacuum in the receiver.

This embodiment of the utility model allows to effectively limit emissions of fuel vapor into the atmosphere from the vehicle’s fuel tank with relative simplicity and manufacturability.

The disadvantages of the system are:

1. Low vapor condensation efficiency.

2. The lack of a device for draining water in the fuel tank.

3. A large number of vapors when refueling a car at a gas station.

Closest to the indicated problem is “A fuel tank of a car with a vapor recovery unit and a device for draining water” [Matveev Yu.A. et al. Patent for utility model No. 158487 dated January 20, 2016].

The technical device comprises a fuel tank, with a neck cap and a bottom plug. Inside the fuel tank there is a fuel intake with a filter, an electric fuel level sensor with a rod and a float. Fuel lines for fuel supply and fuel drain depart from the fuel tank. The fuel drain line is equipped with a check valve. By means of a steam line and a pipeline, the fuel tank is connected to a collecting capacity of gasoline vapors. In this case, the steam line is designed to supply vapor to the separator, and the pipeline to drain gasoline into the fuel tank. There is a valve designed for a specific pressure for supplying gasoline vapors to a collecting tank and draining gasoline.

A ventilation pipe is diverted from the collecting tank, on which the solenoid valve for removing vapors from the tank into the engine intake pipe is equipped.

The collecting tank is double-walled with filling of the inter-wall space with carbon dioxide.

To drain water into the fuel tank, an additional drain pipe with a valve is mounted. For the purpose of sealing during refueling at a gas station, the neck of the fuel tank is equipped with a gasket rubber seal.

The utility model works as follows.

When refueling a car, the fuel tank cap is unscrewed. After that, the dispensing gun is hermetically inserted into the neck. Sealing is provided by a sealing ring. When refueling, the oil product, increasing in volume, increases the vapor pressure of gasoline. When a pressure of 0.5 kPa is reached, an exhaust valve is triggered and gasoline vapors enter the tank through a steam line. In this case, part of the vapor is condensed in a collecting tank, and part remains in a gaseous state. Condensation occurs when fuel vapors having a higher temperature come into contact with the walls of the tank, followed by draining the liquid back into the fuel tank through a pipeline.

The cooling in the trapping tank compared to the vapor space of the fuel tank is due to the fact that the tank is equipped with an interwall space filled with carbon dioxide, which has a low thermal conductivity. The remaining part of the fuel vapor, which did not turn into a liquid state, remains in the trapping tank. When a certain vapor pressure in the tank is reached, the solenoid valve of the ventilation pipe opens. As a result, oil vapor with the engine running is diverted to the engine intake pipe and then burned in its cylinders.

In the case of an ambient temperature of more than 30 ° C, “small” gasoline breaths occur in the fuel tank, which are associated with a change in temperature. In this case, the vapor pressure of gasoline in the tank increases and when the pressure reaches 0.5 kPa, the exhaust valve is activated. At the same time, oil vapor passes through the steam line to the tank. By lowering the temperature, a significant part of the vapor is condensed, and the rest will turn into liquid by lowering the temperature in the evening and at night. The average temperature in the summer, for example, on the average Volga does not exceed 20 ° C, therefore, the fumes from the "small" breaths condense in full into a liquid (gasoline).

Gasoline from the collecting tank flows into the fuel tank through a non-return valve through the pipeline.

The disadvantages of the fuel tank are:

1. The complexity and lack of effectiveness of the tank.

2. Low security and fire safety.

3. A large number of fumes from the "small" breaths.

The proposed utility model allows us to solve the problem of increasing the efficiency of trapping fuel vapors from fuel tanks, returning them to marketable gasoline, and reducing evaporation during storage of petroleum products and refueling a car. Also, the fuel tank provides protection against leaks and shock.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that the fuel tank of a car with a capacity for trapping gasoline vapors includes a fuel tank, a collecting tank for gasoline vapors, a steam line, fuel lines, valves. The fuel tank is double-walled and connected through a steam line having a valve with a single-wall capture tank connected by a ventilation pipe to the engine intake pipe, while the inter-wall space of the tank is filled with carbon dioxide, and the catch tank is equipped with a drain valve.

These signs are essential for solving the utility model problem, since the efficiency of oil vapor recovery is increased, gasoline vaporization during oil storage and refueling is reduced, and the tank is protected from leaks and shock.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), which shows a section of a fuel tank with a steam line, fuel lines and a collecting tank, as well as a separate section of a collecting tank.

The proposed utility model includes a fuel tank 1, with a neck 2 a cover 3 and a lower plug 4. Inside the fuel tank there is a fuel intake 5 with a filter 6, an electric fuel level sensor 7 with a rod 8 and a float 9. Fuel supply lines 10 and drain leave the fuel tank 11. The fuel drain line is equipped with a non-return valve 12. Using the steam line 13, the fuel tank is connected to the trapping tank of gasoline 14. There is a valve 15 for supplying gasoline vapor to the trapping tank. constant pressure.

From the catching tank, a ventilation pipe 16 is diverted on which a valve 15 for venting vapors from the tank 14 to the engine intake pipe is equipped. Also, the collecting tank is equipped with a drain valve 17 for draining condensate and gasoline in the liquid phase.

For the purpose of sealing when refueling at a gas station, the neck of the fuel tank is equipped with a sealing ring 18 made of gas-resistant rubber. The fuel tank 1 itself is double-walled, while the inter-wall space is filled with carbon dioxide 19.

The utility model works as follows.

When filling the car at the gas station, the cap 3 of the fuel tank 1 is unscrewed. After that, the dispensing gun is hermetically inserted into the neck 2. Sealing is provided by the O-ring 18. When refueling, the oil product 20, increasing in volume, increases the vapor pressure of gasoline 21. When the pressure reaches 0.5 kPa the exhaust valve 15 is actuated and the gasoline vapor flows through the steam line 13 into the container 14. In this case, the vapor 21 remains in a gaseous state. The cooling in the fuel tank compared to the surrounding air is due to the fact that the tank 1 is equipped with an interwall space filled with carbon dioxide 19, which has a low coefficient of thermal conductivity. The remainder of the fuel vapor remains in the collecting tank. When a certain vapor pressure is reached in the tank 14, the valve 15 of the ventilation pipe 16 opens. As a result, the vapor of the oil product with the engine running is diverted to the inlet pipe of the engine and then burned in its cylinders.

In the case of an ambient temperature of more than 30 ° C in the fuel tank “small” gasoline breathing, which is associated with temperature changes, will not occur. This is because the average temperature in the summer, for example, on the average Volga does not exceed 20 ° C, and the temperature of the beginning of the boiling of gasoline is 30-35 ° C.

The utility model makes it possible to effectively prevent the emission of gasoline vapors into the atmosphere from the vehicle’s fuel tank from “big” breaths and increase the vehicle’s efficiency with relative simplicity and technological design. At the same time, the design of the fuel tank makes it possible to increase its protection against shock and prevent fuel leakage.

Claims (1)

A fuel tank of a car with a tank for collecting gasoline vapors, including a fuel tank, a collecting tank for gasoline vapors, a steam line, fuel lines, valves, characterized in that the fuel tank is double-walled and connected through a steam line having a valve with a single-wall collecting tank connected by a ventilation pipe to the engine inlet pipe, while the interstitial space of the tank is filled with carbon dioxide, and the catching tank is equipped with a drain valve.

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