RU2089181C1 - Method of adaptogen preparing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary science. SUBSTANCE: method involves preparing biologically active substance (adaptogen) from plant raw (leaves, small branches, rhizomes and roots, fruits and so on) and animal raw (organs, tissues) by alkaline hydrolysis and the following isolation of the end product with organic or mineral acid (ascorbic, succinic, lactic and others). Adaptogen is used as biostimulating agent for animals. EFFECT: improved method of preparing. 4 cl, 15 tbl

Description

 The invention relates to animal husbandry, in particular to veterinary medicine.

 A known method of producing adaptogen from plants of the temptation by extraction of biologically active substances from the roots and rhizomes. This adaptogen contains saponins, traces of alkaloids and glycosides, and essential oil. It is a clear liquid of light brown color, bitter taste, a peculiar smell. It is used as a means to stimulate the central nervous system in case of hypotension (Mashkovsky. MD Medicines. 1972, part 1, p. 166).

 There is also known a method for producing an adaptogen of animal origin - pantocrine, which is obtained by alcohol-acid extraction for 14 days, followed by removal of ballast proteins at low temperature. The process of obtaining pantocrine is carried out at room temperature with periodic stirring, filtration of biologically active substances. Pantocrine is a clear liquid. It is used as an adaptogen of 2-3 courses with a 7-10-day break (see ibid., P. 166).

Known adaptogen derived from plant materials Eleutherococcus. Eleutherococcus extract is obtained by extraction of biologically active substances from plant materials 70 ^o alcohol in a ratio of 1: 5 for 10-15 days, followed by separation of the liquid phase. The drug is a dark brown liquid with a specific smell of bitter taste, contains 70 ^o alcohol. It is used as an adaptogen in the cultivation of chickens and other farm animals by supplementation in food (see Sat. Pharmacoregulation of the physiological processes of highly productive animals. M. 1983, p. 89).

 The disadvantage of this method is that during the extraction a small amount of biologically active substances is released (low yield of the target product), there is no waste-free technology for processing extraction residues, and low biological activity.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the yield of the target product, increasing the effectiveness of the biologically active substance, creating a non-waste environmentally friendly technology for producing adaptogen.

 The goal is achieved in that the hydrolysis of raw materials of plant and animal origin is carried out with a 2-5% solution of a metal oxide hydrate (lithium, potassium, sodium, calcium), and the target product is extracted from an alkaline hydrolyzate with organic or mineral acid, and the hydrolysis of raw materials of animal and vegetable raw materials carry out 1-5% solution of an alkali metal oxide hydrate, taken in equal amounts, and the target product is isolated with organic acid ascorbic, succinic, citric, fumaric, milk, apple lactic, salicylic, acetylsalicylic, uric, benzoic, acetic, hydrochloric or carry out the allocation of a combination of organic or mineral acids.

 Preparation of solutions for hydrolysis.

Example 1. In a capacity of 150 l make 20-30 l of water, heated to a temperature of 80-90 ^o C, and with constant stirring add 5 kg of sodium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide, or potassium hydroxide, or calcium hydroxide. Constantly mixed until completely dissolved and, if necessary, add water. Up to 100 liters of water are added to the completely dissolved salt. The solution thus prepared is used for hydrolysis of plant or animal raw materials.

Example 2. In a container of 150 l pour 20-30 l of water heated to a temperature of 80-90 ^o C, and, stirring constantly, add 1.25 kg of sodium hydroxide, 1.25 kg of lithium hydroxide, 1, 25 kg of potassium hydroxide, 1.25 kg of calcium hydroxide. After complete dissolution of the salts, the volume of liquid in the tank is adjusted to 100 kg. The solution is used for hydrolysis of raw materials from conifers.

 Example 3. In a hermetically sealed container, 80 l of concentrated ammonia solution are added and, with careful stirring, 2.5 kg of sodium hydroxide or 2.5 kg of potassium hydroxide, or 2.5 kg of lithium hydroxide, or 2.5 kg of calcium hydroxide are added. After complete dissolution of the salts, the volume is adjusted to 100 kg.

 Example 4. In a hermetically sealed container, 80 l of ammonium hydroxide are added and, with careful stirring, 1.25 kg of sodium hydroxide, 1.25 kg of potassium hydroxide, 1.25 kg of lithium hydroxide, 1.25 kg of calcium hydroxide are added alternately. After complete dissolution of the salts, the liquid volume is adjusted to 100. The ratio of ingredients can be selected at the request of the experimenter.

Example 5. In a hermetically sealed container add 80 l of 70 ^o alcohol and with careful stirring add 2.5 kg (or 5 kg) of lithium hydroxide or 2.5 kg (or 5.0 kg) of potassium hydroxide, or 2.5 kg ( or 5 kg) sodium hydroxide, or 2.5 kg (or 5 kg) calcium hydroxide. After complete dissolution of the salts, the liquid volume is adjusted to 100.

Example 6. In a hermetically sealed container add 80 l of 70 ^o alcohol and with careful stirring add a mixture of 1.25 kg of lithium hydroxide, 1.25 kg of potassium hydroxide, 1.25 kg of sodium hydroxide, 2.25 kg of calcium hydroxide. After complete dissolution, the liquid volume is adjusted to 100.

Example 7. In a 150 l container, 80 l of mineral water, for example Moskovskaya, heated to 80-90 ^o C are added, or sea water, and 2.5 kg of lithium oxide hydrate and 2.5 kg of sodium hydroxide are added with constant stirring. 2.5 kg of potassium hydroxide, 2.5 kg of calcium hydroxide. After complete dissolution of the salts, the liquid volume is adjusted to 100.

Example 8. In a 150-liter container, 80 liters of mineral water, for example Moskovskaya, or seawater, heated to 80-90 ^° C, are added and with constant stirring 5 kg of a mixture of salts taken in equal proportions (lithium oxide hydrate, sodium hydroxide) are added potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide). After complete dissolution, the liquid volume is adjusted to 100.

 Examples of the preparation (adaptogen).

 Example 9. A capacity of 150 l is filled with 30-31 kg of branches and needles of conifers (short branches, covered with needles), such as spruce paws, and filled with extractant, the concentrations of which are presented in table. one.

 Example 10. In a container with a capacity of 150 l, 25-31 kg of branches with leaves are filled, for example birch trees (thin branches are short), laid in a container loosened with simultaneous application of extractant and subsequent compaction of raw materials) and filled with the extractant, the concentration of which is shown in table. 2 and 3.

 With increasing concentration of metal hydroxide increases the yield of the target product.

 Example 11. Four containers with a volume of 150 l are filled with plant material. Three of them are raw coniferous trees and three deciduous, such as spruce and birch. The extractant prepared according to example 2 (1 and 2 containers), according to example 4 (3 and 4 containers), according to example 6 (containers 5 and 6), and according to example 8 (7 and 8 containers), the concentration of which is indicated in table 4.

 Example 12. Ten containers with a volume of 150 l are filled with vegetable raw materials. Five of them are raw materials of conifers, for example, pine branches and needles, and five are raw materials of deciduous trees, for example, branches and leaves of alder. Thoroughly compact (25-30 kg of raw materials) and make the extractant prepared according to example 3. In the first two containers make the extractant prepared with ammonia and sodium hydroxide, the third and fourth containers ammonia and potassium hydroxide, the fifth and sixth containers ammonia and lithium hydroxide , the seventh and eighth tanks ammonia and calcium hydroxide, the ninth and tenth tanks ammonia, the concentration of the table. 5.

 Example 13. The capacity of 150 l is filled with plant materials, for example, branches of deciduous trees (birch or alder, or raspberries, etc.), branches or paws of coniferous trees (spruce, pine, juniper, cedar, fir), compacted and the extractant prepared according to example 5, where two containers are placed in parallel at the same concentration, but with different raw materials, one with raw material of conifers, the second with raw material of deciduous trees. Extractants are added to containers filled with raw materials. The concentration of extractants and type of raw materials are presented in table. 6.

 Example 14. The capacity of 150 l is filled with vegetable raw materials. Two containers are placed at each concentration of the solution, one of them is filled with raw materials from deciduous trees, the second of conifers. For extraction using the extractant prepared and described in example 7.

 The concentration of extractant and used raw materials are presented in table. 7.

From the data presented in table. 1-7, it follows that with an increase in the concentration of the reagent for hydrolysis, the yield of the target product increases, that the optimal concentration for coniferous leaves is in the range 2.5-7.5, the optimal concentration is 5.0% for deciduous within 1.0- 5.0% optimal 2.5%
An example of obtaining a tissue preparation (adaptogen) from tissues of animal origin.

 Example 15. In a capacity of 1 liter, 100 g of liver, for example, cattle, are added and filled with liquid for hydrolysis (see table. 8) and hydrolysis is carried out for 1-15 days.

 Examples of the use of adaptogen.

 Example 16. Six groups of calves weighing 45-50 kg feed the adaptogen obtained (see table. 1) by hydrolysis of needles and branches of needles. The resulting hydrolyzate was fed to calves at a dose of 1.0 mg / kg of the mass according to the scheme seven days fed seven days off for 30 days.

 As a result of the study, the data shown in table. 9.

 For testing, we took a preparation obtained by hydrolysis with a 5% solution (sodium, potassium, lithium hydroxide), calcium hydroxide was taken in the form of a 7.5% solution and concentrated ammonia.

 The data obtained showed that the appointment of calves during the period of adaptation of hydrolysates of medicinal plants (spruce branches) increases the safety and average daily gain in live weight. Moreover, it was found that lithium hydroxide in the first 30 days of observation more pronounced effect on the increase in live weight in calves.

 Example 17. Six groups of calves with 30 goals in each group weighing 45-55 kg are fed a hydrolyzate of leaves and branches of birch in a dose of 1 mg / kg of dry matter for 30 days from the moment the animals are reared for feeding and feeding according to the scheme, we feed five days, seven days break. The results of the study are presented in table. ten.

 From the data presented in Table 10, it follows that a hundred feeding the calves with a hydrolyzate of leaves and branches of birch (2.5% alkali solution) favorably affects the average daily gain in live weight and safety.

 Example 18. Nine groups of calves with 30 goals in each group weighing 45-50 kg were fed an adaptogen obtained by hydrolysis of leaves, needles and small branches with alkali metal salts, soluble in water, alcohol, ammonia, alcohol and mineral water. The scheme is presented in table. eleven.

 Example 19. Calves weighing 45-50 kg with 30 animals in each group are fed an adaptogen obtained by hydrolysis of leaves, branches and needles of coniferous and deciduous trees (frame, spruce, pine, birch, alder) with alkali metal salts, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydrate , lithium, calcium, ammonium. The solvent used is alcohol, water, mineral water. The research results and experimental design are presented in table. 12.

 From the data presented in table. 11 and 12 it follows that feeding calves a hydrolyzate of herbs increases the average daily gain in live weight and safety.

 From the data presented in table. 12 it follows that the appointment of an animal hydrolyzate of leaves and needles of trees increases the average daily gain in live weight and safety.

 In the process of isolating biological substances from plant tissues, it is advisable to introduce additional organic, mineral acids and microelements into the composition of hydrolysates to increase biological activity, thereby creating new feed additives, medicinal substances and preparations, adjusting the pH in a wide range.

 In the table. 13 presents information on the production of biologically active substances using plant hydrolysates, organic and mineral acids, trace elements (spruce paws were used).

 From the data presented in table. 13 it follows that the introduction of animals before stress hydrolysates inactivated with organic or mineral acid prevents the development of stress and increases the level of total protein during prolonged feeding.

 When biologically active substances are obtained from tissues of animal and vegetable origin by alkaline hydrolysis with alkali metal salts (sodium, potassium, lithium hydroxide) and concentrated ammonia, it is possible to obtain substances with high biological activity, and the introduction of organic acids, trace elements, vitamins increases the biological activity and the spectrum of the drug, it seems possible the introduction of fat-soluble vitamins A, D, E, carotene.

 To obtain adaptogens, agricultural processing waste products can be used: grape marc, plantain cake, tomato cake, apples and other fruits, cedar husk cones, spruce cones, pine, nut husks, hops and other plant waste.

 The production technology in all cases will not change significantly, however, as a result of hydrolysis, we get a new biologically active substance, the properties of which are characteristic for this type of plant.

 The proposed technology allows to obtain new biologically active combinations of a hydrolyzate of plant origin and a hydrolyzate of animal origin. For example, the hydrolyzate of the legs of spruce needles of spruce and the hydrolyzate of liver tissue, followed by a combination with mineral additives (mineral water), a complex of vitamins, organic acids.

 Example 20. Obtained according to the example of alkaline hydrolysis of the legs of spruce (apply sodium hydroxide).

The hydrolyzate from the legs of the spruce is mixed with a hydrolyzer obtained by hydrolysis of liver tissue (using potassium oxide hydrate) in equal amounts. To prepare the hydroxide solution, sea water was used, the hydroxide was prepared in the form of a 2.5 and 5.0% solution. After drying and grinding, the complex of vitamins B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₆ , C, PP, PABA, A, D, E was added to the obtained hydrolyzate; the hydrolysis was precipitated with a mixture of organic acids: succinic, citric, malic, fumaric, ascorbic.

In all cases, the vitamins in the complex were administered at the optimal doses worked out in preliminary experiments: B ₁ 4 mg, B ₂ 2 mg, B ₆ 0.3 mg, C 15 mg, PP 2, 5 mg, E 0.02 mg, A 0.01, D ₃ 0.001 mg, PABA 1.0 mg per 50 kg of animal weight.

 Filler for the preparation of the bran preparation, activated charcoal, starch, zeolites, chalk, etc. It can be used in combination with starter feeds for young farm animals, for example, as a substitute for whole milk (for calves), starter feed for piglets and chickens, is introduced into the feed fur animals.

 The resulting adaptogen can be used as a drug for animals, a biostimulator with intramuscular injection. As an adaptogen for humans, agents for the treatment of skin diseases, diseases of the oral cavity, joints and spine, the preparation of elixirs, shampoos, creams, ointments, liniments (using plant hydrolysates).

From the data presented in table. 14, it follows that the appointment of juvenile bird cherry hydrolyzate waste increases the average daily gain in live weight during 30-90 days of observation by 8.0-12.0%
Data on the use of adaptogens are given in table. 15.

 The adaptogen in liquid form is a dark brown liquid, pH in the range of 6.0-14.0.2. In dry form, a dark brown powder with a specific odor characteristic of this plant is soluble in water, alkalis, alcohol, the drug is not volatile, resistant, has a pronounced growth-promoting effect, helps to increase the overall resistance of the body, does not have side effects and does not accumulate in the body.

 The chemical composition contains essential oil, vitamins, tannins, resins, volatile, mineral salts, etc. The protein content is in the range of 14.0-16.0% fat-like substances 22-24% carbohydrates 45-48% minerals 12-14% Bactericidal activity of 100-200 mcg / ml.

 Biologically active substances obtained from the liver have a growth-promoting effect. They are a light brown powder, soluble in water, alkali.

 Example 21. Six groups of calves weighing 45-48 kg, 15 animals in each group were fed an adaptogen obtained from the legs of spruce by alkaline hydrolysis using lithium hydroxide in a dose: calves of the first group - 0.5 mg / kg, the second group 0, 75 mg / kg, third group 1.0 mg / kg, fourth group 1.25 mg / kg and fifth group 1.5 mg / kg animal weight. Calves of the sixth group were fed the adaptogen Eleutherococcus at a dose of 5.0 ml / kg of animal weight. Adaptogens to animals were prescribed according to the scheme of seven days fed seven days a break for 30 days.

 The study found that feeding the drug in the first days from the picking of young animals for rearing and in the process of feeding increases the average daily gain in live weight in calves by 4.7% in the first group, 7.3% in the second group, 9.6% in the third group, 12.5% of the fourth group and 13.1% of the fifth group (to 60 days of observation).

 Six groups of calves weighing 45-47 kg, 15 animals in each group were fed an adaptogen obtained by liver hydrolysis with lithium hydroxide in a dose: 1st group 0.75 mg / kg animal weight, 2nd group 1.0 mg / kg, 3rd group 2.0 mg / kg, 4th group 2.5 mg / kg and 5th group 3.0 mg / kg. Calves of the 6th group were fed Eleutherococcus in a dose of 5.0 ml / kg of body weight. The preparations were fed to animals according to the scheme: seven days were fed, seven days a break for 30 days. Animals were monitored for 60 days. The purpose of the drug increased the average daily weight gain of the animal in the 1st group by 5.2%; the 2nd group 8.6; the 3rd group 10.4%; the 4th group 14.9% and the 5th group - 15.8 %

Claims (4)

 1. A method of producing adaptogen from tissues of animal and plant origin, including grinding the raw material, its hydrolysis and isolation of the target product, characterized in that the raw materials for the production of adaptogen use leaves with small branches, rhizomes with roots, bark, plant fruits and organs, and animal tissues, the hydrolysis of which is carried out with alkali metal hydroxide, and the isolation of the target product is carried out with organic or mineral acid.  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydrolysis of tissues of plant origin is carried out by 1.0, 5.0% solution of sodium hydroxide, or potassium hydroxide, or lithium hydroxide, or a mixture thereof, taken in equal parts, and hydrolysis of tissues animal origin carry out 7.5 12.5% solution of alkali metal hydroxide or mixtures thereof, taken in equal quantities.  3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that to isolate the target product, ascorbic, succinic, fumaric, citric, tartaric, lactic acid or mixtures thereof, taken in equal amounts, are used.  4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as a solvent for alkali metal salts using tap, mineral (sea) water, ammonia, rectified alcohol.

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