RU207338U1 - Long burning solid fuel boiler - Google Patents

Abstract

A long-burning solid fuel boiler contains a body with double walls forming a coolant container, a fan, air ducts, a chimney outlet, a loading door, an unloading door, an ash pan door, a heat exchanger door, nozzles, an air supply window, grates, a heat exchanger located above the combustion chamber, and an ash chamber. The boiler heat exchanger is made in the form of a horizontally located stepped rectangular channel, the steps of which are located in one row, a pair of short sides of a rectangular channel section is located horizontally, and a pair of long sides of a rectangular channel section is located vertically. The front end wall of the heat exchanger is made at an angle to the horizontal and is equipped with a hatch, which is accessible through the loading door. 3 C.p. f-crystals, 5 fig.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of heating, namely to devices for burning fuel in solid fuel boilers.

Known solid fuel boiler of long burning (see patent RU 29989U1), including a body with double walls forming a container for the coolant, a combustion chamber and ash-blowing chamber with doors and a two-stage heat exchanger located behind the chambers, the cavities of the vertical screens of which are connected to the container of the coolant. The disadvantage of the known technical solution is the low efficiency of heat transfer due to the presence of only natural air convection in the boiler system, the absence of artificial ventilation does not allow to control the fuel combustion process. Another disadvantage is the accumulation of a large amount of condensate in the lower part of the heat exchanger, caused by prolonged and uneven heating of the coolant in the boiler, as a result of the fact that hot flue gases, passing through the heat exchanger from top to bottom, come into contact with the cold part of the heat exchanger. The disadvantages of the design of the known boiler can also be attributed to the increased labor intensity of boiler maintenance, due to the need for frequent cleaning of the heat exchanger from combustion products.

Known solid fuel boiler long burning (see patent RU 168146U1), including a housing with double walls forming a container of the coolant, a combustion chamber with a door and a damper, an ash chamber, grate bars, a heat exchanger located above the combustion chamber and made in the form of a stepped channel, the walls of which are inclined relative to the horizontal plane and chimney. Compared with the previous technical solution under the patent RU 29989U1, the known boiler has no drawback in the form of condensate formation due to the fact that the heat exchanger is located in the upper part of the boiler above the combustion chamber, where the heating agent is heated more quickly and evenly. The disadvantages of the known technical solution are the absence of any device designed to regulate the flow of air into the combustion chamber, as well as low efficiency due to frequent clogging of the surfaces of the heat exchanger.

The closest technical solution adopted in this application for the prototype is a long-burning solid fuel boiler according to patent RU 196392U1. The known boiler includes a body with double walls, forming a container for the coolant, a fan, inlet and outlet pipes that provide supply and removal of the coolant, a chimney, a combustion chamber and an ash chamber, separated by a grate and a heat exchanger located above the combustion chamber and made in the form of a vertically located stepped channel rectangular section. The presence of a fan in the design of a known boiler significantly improves the process of air intake and distribution into the boiler chambers. A significant disadvantage of the known boiler is the design of the heat exchanger, in which the bottom of the channel is formed by the widest side of the channel, and the short sides of the channel form its height. This design leads to the fact that a significant part of the combustion products coming from the combustion chamber to the heat exchanger, due to the low deposition height of the particles, does not have time to leave the channel through the chimney and settles at the bottom of the channel. This leads to a deterioration in heat transfer and a rather rapid decrease in boiler efficiency and, accordingly, to additional operations for cleaning the boiler. The disadvantages of the prototype are design features that do not allow the heat exchanger channel to be made of more than four stages, which leads to a limitation in power and standard sizes of the known boiler options. In this design, boilers with a capacity of over 150 kW require an increase in the number of heat exchanger stages and are too high and inconvenient to operate and maintain.

The objectives of this useful model are the development of a solid fuel boiler for long-term combustion devoid of the drawbacks of known technical solutions, an increase in efficiency, as well as a decrease in labor costs for its maintenance.

The task is solved by creating a long-burning solid fuel boiler containing a body with double walls forming a coolant container, a fan, air ducts, a chimney outlet, a loading door, an unloading door, an ash pan door, a heat exchanger door, nozzles, an air supply window, grates, a heat exchanger located above the combustion chamber and the ash chamber, in which the heat exchanger is made in the form of a horizontally located stepped rectangular channel, the steps of which are arranged in one row, with the short sides of the rectangular section of the channel being horizontal, and the long sides of the rectangular section of the channel vertically.

Private variants of the implementation of the utility model:

long-burning solid fuel boiler, in which the heat exchanger is made in the form of a two-, four- or six-stage channel;

long-burning solid fuel boiler, in which the grates are hollow, and their cavities are connected to the coolant tank;

solid fuel boiler of long burning, in which the nozzles are located at an angle to the walls of the body.

The essence of the utility model is disclosed in the figures and in the description.

fig. 1 - front view of a solid fuel boiler for long burning;

fig. 2 is a side view of a solid fuel boiler for long burning;

fig. 3 - vertical section of the body of a solid fuel boiler for long burning;

fig. 4 - vertical section of the body of a solid fuel boiler for long burning;

fig. 5 is a horizontal section of the heat exchanger.

FIG. 1 shows a front view, and figure 2 is a side view of a long-burning solid fuel boiler, which contains a housing (1), a fan (2), air ducts (3), a chimney outlet (4), a loading door (5), an unloading door (6), ash pan door (7), heat exchanger door (8).

FIG. 3 shows a vertical section A-A of a long-burning solid fuel boiler, which contains nozzles (9), an air supply window (10), grates (11), a heat exchanger (12) located above the combustion chamber (13) and an ash chamber (14). The heat exchanger (12), as well as the housing (1), is made with double walls, which form the heat carrier tank. The capacity of the coolant in the housing and in the heat exchanger is shown in the figures by hatching. Due to the location of the heat exchanger (12) above the combustion chamber (13), a more uniform and faster heating of the heat exchanger (12) is provided. The grates (11) can be made in the form of hollow structures and connected to the coolant tank, which will increase the heat exchange area and increase the boiler efficiency.

FIG. 4 shows a vertical section BB of the body (1) of a long-burning solid fuel boiler, which shows a heat exchanger (12), made in the form of a four-stage channel. Each channel step in vertical section forms a rectangle that contains a pair of short sides (15) located horizontally and a pair of long sides (16) located vertically. With this shape and location of the channel, the degree of clogging of the heat exchanger (12) is significantly reduced, since a significant part of the combustion products entering the heat exchanger (12) from the combustion chamber (13), due to the higher deposition height of particles, in comparison with the prototype, does not have time to settle to the bottom channel and flies out. In this case, the remaining part of the combustion products will settle on a much smaller area forming the bottom of the heat exchanger channel (12) and, accordingly, the clogging surface will be much smaller than that of the prototype, which will lead to a slight decrease in heat transfer.

The nozzles (9) are connected to the air ducts (3) and provide air flow into the combustion chamber (13), while they are installed at an angle of 45 degrees to the walls of the body (1) and directed downward. Such an inclination of the nozzles (9) is necessary in order to supply air directly to the combustion zone of solid fuel, since during combustion the volume of fuel in the combustion chamber (13) gradually decreases.

FIG. 5, a horizontal section B-B of the heat exchanger (12) shows the path of the flue gases in the channel of the heat exchanger (12). The heated flue gases enter the stepped channel of the heat exchanger (12) directly from the combustion chamber (13) through the inlet, the heat exchanger stages (12) pass through the horizontal “snake”, where they give off thermal energy to the coolant and go out through the outlet pipe of the chimney (4).

As a result of testing the prototypes, the recommended ratio of the sides of the section of the heat exchanger channel was determined (12). The length of the vertical side of the rectangular section of the channel should be at least twice the length of the horizontal side of the section of the channel.

Claims (4)

1. Solid fuel boiler of long burning, containing a body (1) with double walls, forming a container for the coolant, a fan (2), air ducts (3), a flue outlet (4), a loading door (5), an unloading door (6), ash pan door (7), heat exchanger door (8), nozzles (9), air supply window (10), grates (11), heat exchanger (12) located above the combustion chamber (13), and ash chamber (14), which differs the fact that the heat exchanger (12) is made in the form of a horizontally located stepped rectangular channel, the steps of which are located in one row, while a pair of short sides (15) of a rectangular channel cross section is located horizontally, and a pair of long sides (16) of a rectangular channel cross section is located vertically ... 2. Long-burning solid fuel boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat exchanger (12) is made in the form of a two-, four- or six-stage channel. 3. Long-burning solid fuel boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the grates (11) are hollow, and their cavities are connected to the coolant container. 4. Long-burning solid fuel boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the nozzles (9) are located at an angle to the walls of the body (1).

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