RU203544U1 - LONG BURNING BOILER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of heating, namely to devices and methods of fuel combustion in solid fuel boilers. A long-burning boiler contains a body with a double wall, forming a container for a coolant, a combustion chamber, heat exchange and ash chambers with windows equipped with doors, heat exchangers in the heat exchange chamber and hollow grates between the ash chamber and the combustion chamber, connected to the coolant tank, pipes for removing smoke gases, nozzles for supply and discharge of coolant and air supply, fan, controller. Inside the body, at the corners and in the center in the combustion chamber, peripheral and central air ducts are mounted vertically upward, equipped with nozzles directed inside the combustion chamber to supply air into the combustion chamber from the ash chamber. The technical result of the utility model is to increase the completeness of fuel combustion and the efficiency of the boiler. 5 p.p. f-ly, 5 dwg

Description

The utility model relates to the field of heating, namely to devices and methods of fuel combustion in solid fuel boilers [F23B 1/02, F23B 60/00, F24H 1/0063, F24H 1/08, F24H 1/22, F24H 1/38, F23L 9/02].

From the prior art, there is a WATER-HEATED SOLID FUEL BOILER FOR LONG-TIME BURNING [RU 183190 U1, publ. to the consumer, a device for supplying air and distributing it in the combustion chamber - an air duct, a heat exchanger with an ash pan located under it, at least one gas duct is located in the combustion chamber, the outlet of which is brought out to the upper part of the combustion chamber, and a door for loading fuel, and in the lower part, there is a firebox with a grate and additional air ducts, characterized in that the duct and nozzles for air supply are located along the perimeter of the combustion chamber, while the air duct is located along the vertical side walls of the boiler body, and is connected by nozzles for supplying air to the combustion chamber, and the air duct inlet is located under the grates, corners th nozzles for supplying air to the combustion chamber are located at the corners of the combustion chamber and have a diameter of 12 mm, and the side nozzles are located in the side walls of the boiler and pass through the water jacket and have a diameter of 15 mm, and the blower space acts as a receiver, which equalizes the air pressure to nozzles, flame tubes are located in the upper part of the combustion chamber, the heat exchanger is made in the form of vertically and horizontally installed tanks, under which an ash pan is located, equipped with an ash hatch, the heat exchanger is connected to the supply line of the pipe for supplying heated water to it and the return line of the pipe for removing heated water , which are located in the side walls of the boiler, for returning the coolant to the boiler in two ways, while the coolant supply pipe to the system is made of a pipe with a diameter of 40 mm, and the return pipe from the heating system is 32 mm.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the low efficiency of fuel combustion, due to the small area of the heat exchangers and the implementation of nozzles for supplying air only along the perimeter of the combustion chamber, which reduces the quality of solid fuel combustion in the center of the combustion chamber.

Also known is the WATER FUEL BOILER WITH CONTINUOUS BURNING [UA89303 (U), publ .: 04/10/2014], including a double-walled body and a cavity for filling with water, while at least one wall of the body is made with a thickness of at least 4 mm, the combustion chamber , two air ducts with independent external openings with guides made with the possibility of manual control of the opening dimensions, while one air duct includes an air intake box connected to an intermediate volume for heating the air, an air supply device with a removable air distributor and another air duct equipped the possibility of supplying air to the lower fuel, connected to an intermediate volume for heating air with a hole with a slider for controlling the size of the hole or closing it, an electronic control unit, a fire grate. The boiler is arranged with the possibility of removing and installing a fire grate, a smoke outlet equipped with a controller for changing the cross-section of the opening, an opening for loading fuel and an opening for ash removal with doors. Doors of openings for fuel loading and ash removal are made double, with a formed heater located in the cavity, openings for the working fluid inlet and working fluid outlet with nozzles, the bottom is attached to the body made with the possibility of installing the boiler with a space from the floor, for example, on legs. At the same time, a turbocharger is installed on the air intake box, which is connected to the electronic control unit, the air supply device is removable and installed with the possibility of lifting and lowering through the roller block, the air distributor is designed to be used for various types of fuel, and in the central section it is designed for immersion into fuel with thickened walls and a hole for fuel supply, as well as with the possibility of supplying air to the fuel along the combustion zone. from at least four sides. The fire grate is located with free space on the inner side, the doors of the openings for fuel loading and ash removal are located as controlled, with the ability to control the tightness when closing, and at the bottom in the inner section of the boiler, a layer of heat-insulating refractory material is placed mainly from refractory bricks. The boiler is equipped with safety valves for overpressure drainage and air drainage for installation on the working fluid outlet port.

The disadvantage of the analogue is the low efficiency of fuel combustion in the specified boiler, due to the need to regulate the air supply to the fuel combustion zone manually. Also, the described boiler has low reliability and maintainability due to the fact that the central air duct has a complex structure and a short service life due to its length along the center along the entire combustion chamber with maximum temperatures.

The closest in technical essence is a SOLID FUEL BOILER FOR CONTINUOUS BURNING [RU 196392 U1, publ .: 27.02.2020], containing a body, a combustion chamber with a fuel supply port, a coolant tank, a chimney, a fan and a controller, characterized in that the boiler body contains inner and outer shells, forming along the contour and in the upper part of the boiler a coolant container connected to the heating system by inlet and outlet nozzles, inside the boiler contains heat exchange, combustion and ash chambers, the heat exchange chamber is connected to the coolant container and separated from the combustion chamber by heat exchange channels , the ash chamber in the lower part of the boiler is separated from the combustion chamber by hollow grates that communicate the coolant capacity in the front and rear parts of the boiler, the air supply opening with a fan mounted on a non-mounted fan is connected by a channel to the ash chamber, while the fan is equipped with a valve in the front part opposite each rectangular are made of the boiler chambers Openings equipped with doors, the fan is connected to the controller, a temperature sensor is connected to the controller input.

The main technical problem of the prototype is the insufficient ratio of air involved in combustion, acting as an oxidizer to the volume of fuel to create a stoichiometric combustible mixture and provide conditions for burning the maximum amount of fuel, as well as the complexity of mixing the fuel in the center of the combustion chamber with air. This problem is due to the fact that air is supplied to the boiler combustion chamber from below, through the grates, and the main process of fuel combustion is carried out from above, where air access is limited by the volume of fuel.

The task of the utility model is to eliminate the shortcomings of the prototype.

The technical result of the utility model is to increase the completeness of fuel combustion and the efficiency of the boiler.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that a long-burning boiler containing a boiler body with a double wall, forming a heat carrier capacity, combustion chambers, heat exchange chambers and ash chambers with windows equipped with doors, heat exchangers in the heat exchange chamber and hollow grates between the ash chamber and the combustion chamber connected to the coolant tank, pipes for the removal of flue gases, supply and discharge of coolant and air supply, a fan, a controller, characterized in that peripheral and central air ducts are mounted vertically upwards inside the housing at the corners and in the center of the combustion chamber, equipped with nozzles directed inside the combustion chamber for supplying air to the inside of the combustion chamber from the ash chamber.

In particular, the lower part of the peripheral air ducts is made with a small gap from the grate and expanding so as to prevent particles of fuel, slag or ash from entering the air ducts.

In particular, the central air duct further comprises at least one horizontal and one vertical duct.

In particular, the nozzles in the upper part of the horizontal channel of the central air duct are closed by a protective casing made with a gap from the said channel sufficient for the passage of air and preventing particles of fuel, slag or ash from entering the air ducts.

In particular, the central air duct is removable.

In particular, the connection of the central air duct with the grate is made with tongue and groove.

Brief description of the drawings.

Figure 1 shows a general view of a long-burning boiler.

Figure 2 shows a general view of a long-burning boiler in section.

Figure 3 shows a general rear view of a long-burning boiler.

Figure 4 shows a side view of the central duct.

Figure 5 shows a front view of the central air duct.

The figures indicate: 1 - housing, 2 - coolant capacity, 3 - heat exchange chamber, 4 - combustion chamber, 5 - ash chamber, 6 - heat exchange channels, 7 - grate bars, 8 - hole for flue gas discharge, 9 - gate valve , 10 - air supply channel, 11 - coolant supply pipe, 12 - coolant discharge pipe, 13 - loading door, 14 - door for cleaning convection channels, 15 - door for ash and slag removal, 16 - hinge hinges, 17 - handles with locking devices, 18 - thermal insulation, 19 - peripheral air ducts, 20 - skirt, 21 - central air duct, 22 - horizontal channel, 23 - vertical channel, 24 - slots, 25 - protective casing, 26 - bridge supports, 27 - nozzles, 29 - supports, 30 - emergency valve branch pipe. The central air duct 21 is made removable, for which purpose in the lower part of the horizontal channel 22 there are spikes for placing them between the grates 7.

Implementation of the utility model.

The long-burning boiler contains a boiler body 1 with a double wall, which forms a coolant tank around the perimeter and in the upper part. Inside the boiler, heat exchange chambers 3, combustion chambers 4 and ash are made from top to bottom. The heat exchange chamber 3 is connected to the coolant tank 2 and is separated from combustion chambers with 4 heat exchange channels 6, the number of which depends on the heat output of the boiler. The ash chamber 5 in the lower part of the boiler is separated from the combustion chamber by 4 hollow grates 7, which connect the heat carrier tank 2 in the front and rear parts of the boiler. In the upper rear part of the boiler, there is an opening for flue gas discharge 8, equipped with a slide valve 9. In the lower part of the boiler, an air supply channel 10 is made in communication with the ash chamber 5.

The boiler is equipped with nozzles for supply 11 and outlet of coolant 12, made in the lower part of the boiler, a loading door 13, a door for cleaning convection channels 14 and a door for removing ash and slag 15, while the doors 13-15 are made gas-tight. Doors 13-15 are equipped with hinge hinges 16 and handles with locking devices 17. Above the air supply hole made in the air supply channel 10, a centrifugal fan (not shown in the figures) for blowing air into the ash chamber 5 is mounted.

Thermal insulation 18 is installed outside the boiler body 1.

What is new is that peripheral air ducts 19 are mounted at the corners inside the combustion chamber 4, and a central air duct 21 is mounted in the center of the combustion chamber 4 between the grates 7. Each of the peripheral air ducts 19 is formed by the walls of the boiler body 1 and the front wall of the said air duct (not shown in the figures ) connecting the walls of the housing 1. In the lower part of the peripheral air ducts 19 with a gap from the grate 7, a skirt 20 is made with the ability to prevent particles of fuel, slag or ash from entering the air ducts 19.

The central air duct 21 contains communicated horizontal 22 and vertical 23 channels, while the vertical channel 23 is mounted upward from the horizontal channel 22. Along the horizontal channel 22, at least from above and below, there are slots 24 for circulation through them from the ash chamber 5 to the combustion chamber 4 air. The upper slot 24 is protected from fuel particles, ash or slag by a protective casing 25 mounted on the horizontal channel 22 on vertical support-bridges 26. In the air ducts 19 and the vertical channel 23 of the central air duct 21, nozzles 27 are made.

The central air duct 21 is removable, for which the spikes are made in the lower part of the horizontal channel 22 to place them between the grates 7 (the connection of the central air duct with the grates is grooved).

The peripheral air ducts 19 from the bottom and the horizontal channel 22 of the central air duct are made open at the ends. From above, the peripheral air ducts 19 and the vertical channel 23 of the central air duct 21 are closed.

The centrifugal fan is connected to a control unit (not shown in the figures), to the information inputs of which a temperature sensor is connected (not shown in the figures). The control unit is made with the possibility of adjusting the temperature of the coolant by changing in the automatic mode the air draft under the fuel combustion area created by the centrifugal fan.

The boiler is equipped with a circulation pump and an overpressure relief valve (not shown in the figures) mounted on the supply line in the immediate vicinity of the coolant supply pipe 11. The circulation pump is connected to a backup power system made in the form of an inverter, an automatic charger and a battery (not shown in the figures).

The boiler is installed on supports 29.

In the upper part of the boiler body, a branch pipe of the emergency pressure relief valve 30 is mounted.

A long-burning boiler is used as follows.

Before igniting the fuel, check the presence of the coolant in the coolant tank 2 and, if necessary, add the coolant to the required level. Checking the coolant level is also carried out during the long burning of the boiler. The presence of ash and slag in the ash chamber 5 is checked and, if necessary, the grates 7 and the ash chamber 5 are cleaned through an open door to remove ash and slag 14 from ash and slag.

The doors are closed to clean the convection channels 13 and remove ash and slag 14. Fuel is loaded into the combustion chamber 4 through the loading door 12 and ignited, after which the loading door 12 is tightly closed.

Turn on the controller and set the operating temperature of the coolant. After the appearance of thrust, a centrifugal fan is turned on from the controller. When the temperature of the coolant at the outlet of the boiler decreases, the controller gives a signal to turn on the centrifugal fan. From the centrifugal fan, air through the air supply channel 10 enters the ash chamber 5. From the ash chamber 5, air between the grates 7, along the peripheral air ducts 19 through the nozzles 27 and along the horizontal 22 and vertical 23 channels of the central air duct 21 through the slots 24 is fed, respectively, along the edges and to the center of the volume of the combusted fuel, ensuring high-quality mixing of fuel with air throughout the entire volume of the combustion chamber. Air entering the fuel enters into an oxidative reaction with it and forms a stoichiometric combustible mixture with an excess of oxidant necessary to ensure an active combustion process, complete combustion of the fuel and, as a consequence, increase the temperature of the coolant. The incandescent gas-air mixture formed from the combustion of fuel enters the heat exchange chamber 3 and heats the heat exchange channels 6 with the coolant inside them. The burning fuel heats up the grate 7 and heats the coolant circulating through the grate 7. When the preset temperature of the coolant is reached, the controller 18 turns off the centrifugal fan 17 and stops the air supply.

The skirts 20 of the peripheral air ducts 19 and the protective casing 25 of the central air duct 21 do not allow fuel, ash and slag particles to get inside the said air ducts 19, 21 and thus ensure the constant accessibility of their air ducts.

To clean or replace the central air duct 21, the fuel is completely burned and the temperature of the grates 7 drops, after which, through the ash and slag 15 removal door, the central air duct 21 is removed from the grates 7 and removed from the boiler. Clean, repair or replace and install the central air duct 21 on the grate 7 in reverse order.

During the operation of the boiler, if necessary, change the preset temperature.

Heat exchange channels 6 are cleaned as necessary.

The supply of the coolant to the coolant tank 2 from the heating system is carried out by a circulation pump (not shown in the figures).

The claimed technical result of the utility model - an increase in the completeness of fuel combustion and an increase in the efficiency of the boiler is achieved due to the execution inside the body 1 of the boiler in the corners above the grates 7 of the peripheral 19 and in the center on the grates 7 of the central 21 air ducts for supplying air around the periphery and in the center of the combustion chamber 4, which facilitate the mixing of the entire volume of fuel with air and ensure the creation of a stoichiometric combustible mixture enriched with an oxidizer, which ensures the most complete combustion of the fuel and an increase in the temperature of the coolant and, consequently, the efficiency of the boiler.

Claims (6)

1. A long-burning boiler, containing a boiler body with a double wall, forming a coolant container, combustion chambers, heat exchange and ash chambers with windows equipped with doors, heat exchangers in the heat exchange chamber and hollow grates between the ash chamber and the combustion chamber, connected to the coolant tank, pipes for the removal of flue gases, the supply and release of coolant and air supply, a fan, a controller, characterized in that peripheral and central air ducts are mounted vertically upward inside the housing at the corners and in the center of the combustion chamber, equipped with nozzles directed towards the inside of the combustion chamber to supply air inside combustion chambers from the ash chamber. 2. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower part of the peripheral air ducts is made with a small gap from the grate and expands so as to prevent particles of fuel, slag or ash from entering the air ducts. 3. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the central air duct further comprises at least one horizontal and one vertical duct. 4. Boiler according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that the nozzles in the upper part of the horizontal channel of the central air duct are closed with a protective casing made with a gap from said channel sufficient for air to pass through and preventing particles of fuel, slag or ash from entering the air ducts. 5. Boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the central air duct is removable. 6. Boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection of the central air duct with the grate is made of tongue and groove.

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