RU47495U1 - WATER BOILER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model is aimed at increasing the productivity of a water tube boiler, it allows to reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere, simplify the design of the boiler and increase the life of the boiler. The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the combustion chamber is equipped with suspended radiation screens attached to the upper collectors located in front of the technological partition and made in the form of sections from two collectors interconnected by parallel rows of curved pipes that are cut into the collectors in a checkerboard pattern, technological partition, equipped with a built-in secondary blast collector made of a pipe with fixed nozzles, while the angle formed by the nozzles and the surface formed by the lower collector of the suspended radiation screens is at least 10 degrees, the convection part of the boiler is equipped with gas flow dividers placed between the convective suspended screens, made in the form of a metal bar with blades fixedly mounted at an angle in a certain sequence towards each other, on the consoles of the upper collector in the convection chamber of the boiler there is an odd number of suspended convective screens made in such a way that their lower lecturers relate lower collector boiler, the average outboard convective screen is simultaneously an additional metal baffle plate made by sewing the pipe metal, e.g., metal plates corners.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of industrial heat power engineering, namely, to small and medium capacity boilers with mechanical furnaces for burning solid fuel. The boiler is designed for heating and hot water supply of residential, industrial and office buildings with forced circulation of water.

A device is known "Boiler" (see certificate for utility model No. 43951 U1, IPC 7 F 24 H 1/00, publication date 2005.02.10, application No. 2004134095/22 from 2004.11.22). The hot water boiler contains a rectangular combustion chamber having a combustion zone with a grate and a convective heating zone, a technological partition separating the combustion zone and the convective heating zone, there is a gap above the partition for the passage of flue gases from the furnace part to the convection part of the boiler, the furnace chamber has two or more lateral and ceiling sections, four and / or an even number of convective sections consisting of vertical pipes connected along the edges of the horizontal perimental collectors separated by the partition processing of refractory bricks, this wall above or below it there is a gap for the passage of gases.

The disadvantages of a boiler are.

Lack of flue gas circulation zones in the furnace, insufficient residence time of gases in the furnace. This reduces the completeness of fuel combustion, which leads to a decrease in heat transfer in the furnace

the boiler chamber, increases the temperature of the gases at the outlet of the furnace. Small surfaces for heat transfer due to the lack of additional hanging screens, which reduces the performance of the boiler. Insufficient radiation heat transfer occurs in the furnace part of the boiler, the absence of secondary blasting.

The complex structure, due to the presence in the convection zone of an additional technological partition made of refractory bricks.

The absence in the convection part of the boiler of devices for creating turbulence in the flue gas flow, which reduces convective heat transfer and separation from unburned particles, this leads to an increase in the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere.

A device is known "Steel boiler of low power for layered burning of solid fuel" (see patent No. 2238480, publication date 2004.10.20, IPC 7 F 24 H 1/12, application No. 2002135221/06 of 2002.12.25).

The steel hot water boiler contains a furnace, including a steel water-cooled tube sheet and furnace screens made of steel pipes, a fuel supply system and an ash removal system, as well as a gas duct equipped with convective packages of steel pipes, and a boiler frame. The furnace of the boiler is equipped with a heat-reflecting screen installed above the grate, and which is made of refractory material in the form of plates placed on top of a steel water-cooled tube grill, the furnace is equipped with an incendiary belt.

The gas duct of the boiler (convection part) is equipped with convective packages of steel pipes, while convective packages are located horizontally.

The disadvantages of a boiler are.

The complex arrangement of the fuel part of the boiler, including the heat-reflecting screen and the incendiary belt, is not provided

heat transfer rate. The absence of secondary blasting leads to the formation of stagnant zones, incomplete combustion of fuel and the removal of unburned particles into the convection part of the boiler.

The location of convective packages horizontally in the flue contributes to the formation of aeolian skidding and aeolian wear of pipes, which leads to a deterioration in heat transfer, additional repair work, complicating maintenance and reducing boiler performance.

A device is known "Water boiler" (see certificate for utility model No. 32242 U1, IPC 7 F 24 H 1/00, publication date 2003.09.10, application No. 2003115217/20 from 2003.05.23).

A hot water boiler comprising a combustion chamber, a convection unit, a fuel spreader, and an ash bin mounted under the convection unit. The boiler is equipped with ablation, sharp blasting and gas-pulse cleaning systems for convective surfaces. The ablation return system is made in the form of a tank installed above the ash bin, connected by a highway to an air supercharger and highways with a combustion chamber. A sharp blast system in the form of a fan with a regulating gate and sharp blast nozzles connected to the fan through a duct system and a convection surface cleaning system. The system for cleaning convective surfaces consists of exhaust pipes connecting pulse chambers to the boiler, which are connected through air valves, the ignition unit to the system control unit, and valves with an electromagnetic actuator.

The disadvantages of a boiler are.

The complex device of the boiler, including the gas-pulse cleaning system for convective surfaces. The completeness of combustion in the combustion chamber is not achieved due to insufficient circulation and the residence time of gases in the furnace, which does not allow

intensify heat transfer and increase the productivity of the boiler.

A device is known "Hot water boiler" (see patent No. 2188361, publication date 2002.08.27, IPC 7 F 24 H 1/00, application No. 2000128542/06 of 2000.11.14).

The hot water boiler contains a shielded combustion chamber and a convective part having a horizontal layout, located one by one in one unit and separated by a shielded vertical partition with a festoon in the lower part. Sharp blast nozzles directed towards the front of the boiler are placed at the bottom of the combustion chamber. The convective part of the boiler includes at least one lifting and one lowering flues.

The disadvantages of a boiler are.

Low circulation of flue gases, the presence of stagnant zones, low intensification of heat transfer in the convective part of the boiler, incomplete combustion of fuel, reducing boiler efficiency.

A device is known “Firebox for boiler” (see patent No. 2202068, publication date 2003.04.10, IPC 7 F 23 B 1/16, application No. 20011115905/06 of 2001.06.06).

Fire chamber for boilers with layered burning of solid fuel on grate. The boiler furnace contains a fuel supply device, a grate with a primary air supply, secondary air nozzles located on the front and rear walls, the nozzles being rotatable and located at different levels along the height of the furnace.

The disadvantages of the furnace for the boiler are.

Insufficient heat exchange efficiency in the combustion chamber, chemical and mechanical underburning, which affects the efficiency of fuel combustion and

environmental indicators of air emissions. It is necessary to increase the trajectory of movement of solid particles in the furnace volume and flue gases in the gas duct, to improve their mixing during combustion.

The closest adopted for the prototype is the "Boiler" (see certificate for utility model No. 43951U1, IPC 7 F 24 H 1/00, publication date 2005.02.10, application No. 2004134095/22 from 2004.11.22).

The hot water boiler contains a rectangular combustion chamber having a combustion zone with a grate and a convective heating zone, a technological partition separating the combustion zone and the convective heating zone, there is a gap above the partition for the passage of flue gases from the furnace part to the convection part of the boiler, the furnace chamber has two or more lateral and ceiling sections, four and / or an even number of convective sections consisting of vertical pipes connected along the edges of the horizontal perimental collectors separated by an additional process partition of refractory bricks, this wall over or underneath a gap for the passage of gases.

A known object cannot be applied due to deficiencies.

Lack of flue gas circulation zones in the combustion chamber, insufficient residence time of the gases. This reduces the completeness of fuel combustion, which leads to a decrease in heat transfer in the combustion chamber, increases the temperature of the gases at the outlet of the furnace. Small surfaces for heat transfer due to the lack of additional hanging screens, which reduces the performance of the boiler. Insufficient radiation heat transfer occurs in the furnace part of the boiler.

The complex structure, due to the presence in the convection zone of an additional technological partition made of refractory bricks.

The absence in the convection part of the boiler of devices for creating turbulence in the flue gas flow, separation from unburned particles, which increases the emission of harmful substances into the atmosphere.

The boiler has insufficient heat transfer from flue gases to the working agent through the walls of the pipes.

The small radiation and convective surface of the screens gives insufficient heat transfer, degrades the boiler’s performance and boiler performance.

There is no secondary blast in the boiler.

The removal of unburned solid particles into the convection part of the boiler. Unburned particles fall into the convective part.

Flue gases carry away a lot of particulate matter, which requires additional purification before being released into the atmosphere.

Outgoing gases and unburned solid particles wash the horizontally located pipes in the convection part of the boiler, the pipes are laterally flushed, which leads to eol wear and collapse of pipes in the convection chamber of the boiler due to collisions of particles with the pipe walls, which quickly fail, heat exchange deteriorates .

Due to the fact that the flow of exhaust gases does not change direction, there is no separation of flue gases from solid particles.

The tasks that the utility model "Boiler" is aimed at are.

Increasing the productivity of the boiler, reducing harmful emissions into the atmosphere, simplifying the design of the boiler and increasing the life of the boiler. The tasks set can be achieved in several directions.

Improving heat transfer in the combustion chamber is achieved by increasing the surface of radiation heat transfer and intensifying heat transfer, the absence of stagnant zones.

Improving heat transfer in the convective part of the boiler is achieved by increasing the residence time of the flue gases, as well as their speed, creating turbulence in the flow.

Reduction of harmful emissions into the atmosphere is achieved by completeness of fuel combustion in the boiler combustion chamber, by lengthening the path of flue gas movement and separation in the convection part of the boiler.

Simplification of the design and increase the life of the boiler by reducing ash wear and aeolian drift on the pipes in the convective part of the boiler, which also gives an increase in heat transfer.

A water boiler is proposed that contains a combustion chamber having a combustion zone with a grate, a convective heating zone, a process partition with a gap above that separates the combustion zone and a convective heating zone, the combustion chamber has side and ceiling screens combined by collectors, a convection chamber includes convective screens consisting of vertical pipes, and an additional partition characterized in that the combustion chamber is equipped with suspended radiation screens that are connected to the upper collectors of the furnace chamber in front of the technological partition, suspended radiation screens are made in the form of sections of two collectors interconnected by parallel rows of bent pipes that are cut into the collectors in a checkerboard pattern, the combustion chamber grate is made wirelessly cooled, the technological partition made of chamotte concrete is equipped with an integrated collector secondary blast made from

pipes with fixed nozzles, while the angle formed by the nozzles and the plane of the lower collectors of the suspended radiation screens is at least 10 degrees, the convection part of the boiler is equipped with gas flow dividers placed between the convective suspended screens, made in the form of metal rods with blades fixedly mounted under angle not more than 80 degrees in a certain sequence towards each other, in the convection part of the boiler on the consoles of the upper collector an odd number is fixed A number of suspended convective screens made in such a way that their lower collectors touch the lower collectors of the boiler, the middle suspended convective screen is at the same time an additional metal partition made by suturing the gaps between the pipes with metal, for example, metal plates, corners.

The proposed device "Hot water boiler" allows you to increase the productivity of the hot water boiler, reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere, simplify the design of the boiler and increase the life of the boiler. The tasks set have been achieved in several areas.

Improving heat transfer in the combustion chamber is achieved by increasing the surface of radiation heat transfer and intensifying heat transfer, the absence of stagnant zones. The increase in the surface of radiation heat transfer in the combustion chamber is achieved due to the presence of suspended radiation screens, the arrangement of pipes in a checkerboard pattern. The intensification of heat transfer is achieved by directing hot blast with heated air into the fuel chamber, swirling the flow of flue gases and directing their flow into suspended radiation screens.

Improving heat transfer in the convective part of the boiler is achieved by increasing the residence time of the flue gases, as well as increasing their speed, creating turbulence in the flue gas flow. Improving heat transfer in the convective part of the boiler is achieved by increasing the residence time of the flue gases due to the presence of a metal partition made of a middle screen. The increase in the speed of flue gases, the creation of turbulence in the flow and separation are achieved by the presence of gas flow dividers.

Reduction of harmful emissions into the atmosphere is achieved by completeness of fuel combustion in the boiler combustion chamber, by lengthening the path of flue gas movement and separation in the convection part of the boiler.

Simplification of the design and increase in the life of the boiler is achieved due to the longitudinal direction of the flue gases along the pipes in the convective part of the boiler. This leads to a decrease in ash wear and aeolian drift on the pipes in the convective part of the boiler, which also gives an increase in heat transfer.

To clarify the described object "Water boiler" are drawings.

Figure 1 - General view of the boiler.

Figure 2 - Side view of the boiler.

Figure 3 - Scheme of the movement of fuel gases in the boiler.

Figure 4 - Radiation pendant screens.

Figure 5 - Collector of sharp blast.

Figure 6 - Gas flow divider.

7 is a photograph of a working hot water boiler.

The proposed device "Hot water boiler" is as follows.

A water boiler 1 containing a combustion chamber 2 having a combustion zone with a grate 3, a convective heating zone 4 (convective chamber), a process partition 5 with a gap at the top 6, separating the combustion zone and the convective heating zone, the combustion chamber contains screens 8 ( frontal, lateral, ceiling, rear), convection chamber 4 includes suspended convective screens 9, consisting of vertical pipes, and an additional metal partition 10.

The combustion chamber is equipped with suspended radiation shields 11, which are connected to the upper collectors 7 of the combustion chamber 2 in front of the technological partition 5, the suspended radiation screens 11 are made in the form of sections of two collectors 12, interconnected by parallel rows of bent pipes 13, which are cut into collectors 12 in staggered.

The lattice of the combustion chamber 3 is made wirelessly cooled.

The technological partition 5, made of chamotte concrete, is equipped with a built-in secondary blast collector 14, made in the form of a pipe with fixed nozzles 15, while the angle formed by the nozzles and the plane formed by the lower collector of the suspended radiation screens is at least 10 degrees.

The convective part of the boiler is equipped with gas flow dividers 17 arranged between convective hanging screens 9, made in the form of a metal rod 18 with blades 19, fixedly fixed at an angle of no more than 80 degrees in a certain sequence towards each other.

In the convection chamber of the boiler 4 on the consoles of the upper collector an odd number of suspended convective screens 9 are fixed, made in such a way that their lower collectors 16 are in contact

lower boiler headers. The middle suspended convective screen is at the same time an additional metal partition 10, made by sewing up the gaps between the pipes with metal, for example, metal strips, corners.

The proposed utility model "Boiler" works as follows.

Fuel gases, which are formed during the combustion of solid fuels, on the water-cooled fuel grate 3, flow up the fuel chamber.

A sharp blast is fed through the nozzles 15 with heated air, which changes the direction of the flue gases so that they completely wash the surfaces of the suspended radiation screens 11. The collector 14 with nozzles 15 is embedded in the partition wall 5 made of chamotte concrete, separating the combustion chamber 2 from the convection part of the boiler 4. Due to this, the air is heated, and a sharp blast of heated air is supplied through the nozzle 15 at a certain angle. The direction of the sharp blast is made in such a way as to deploy the fuel gases along a complex path, while the angle formed by the nozzles and the plane formed by the lower collector of the suspended radiation screens is at least 10 degrees.

Acute blast with heated air allows you to maintain the temperature in the furnace and accelerate the process of burning solid unburnt particles to complete combustion.

Fuel gases enter through the gap 6 in the technological partition upward of the convection zone, then go down between the vertical convective screens, pass through the lower window formed by the metal partition 10 and the lower collector of the boiler 7, rise upwards and exit the boiler through the flue gas window. In this case, a longitudinal washing of the pipes by flue gases and particles occurs.

ashes that move along the pipes. With longitudinal washing of pipes, ash wear and ash drift of pipes of convective screens 9 are reduced.

To increase the gas velocity, improve heat transfer, as well as additional purification of flue gases, gas flow dividers 17 are installed between convective collectors, which are made in the form of blades 19 welded to a vertical metal bar 18 in the direction of each other.

For a uniform distribution of exhaust gases and the creation of turbulent flows between the suspension screens, the gas flow dividers 17 are evenly suspended.

The increase in gas velocity and the degree of flow turbulence occurs due to the fact that the blades occupy a certain area between the sections and are located between the hanging manifolds. The blades are placed in such a way that it is convenient to collect ash (solid particles) and send to ash removal. Gas travels a difficult path, flowing around each blade. The gas velocity increases due to a decrease in the free passage and the fact that the gas flows around the blades along a complex path, turbulence of the flow is created. In this case, additional separation also occurs, solid particles from additional separation fall into ash removal.

A concrete example of the operation of a boiler can be given. In the boiler room of the city of Laschenokhya of the Republic of Karelia, a hot water boiler is installed and operates, as shown in the photograph attached to the application materials.

Thus, the proposed utility model allows to increase the productivity of the boiler, reduce harmful emissions into the atmosphere, simplify the design of the boiler and increase the life of the boiler.

Claims (6)

1. A hot water boiler contains a combustion chamber, a convective heating zone and a process partition with a gap above that separates the combustion zone and the convective heating zone, the combustion chamber includes a combustion zone with a grill, side and ceiling screens combined by collectors, a convection chamber includes convective screens consisting of vertical pipes, and an additional partition, characterized in that the combustion chamber is equipped with pendant radiation shields attached to the upper collectors placed in front of those the biological partition and made in the form of sections from two collectors connected by parallel rows of bent pipes that are cut into the collectors in a checkerboard pattern, the technological partition is equipped with a built-in secondary blast collector, made in the form of a pipe with fixed nozzles, the angle formed by the surface the lower collectors of the suspended radiation screens is at least 10 degrees, the convection chamber of the boiler is equipped with placed between the convective suspended screens and gas flow dividers, made in the form of a metal rod with blades, fixedly fixed at an angle in a certain sequence towards each other, in the convection chamber of the boiler on the consoles of the upper collector there is an odd number of suspended convective screens made in such a way that their lower collectors touch the lower collectors boiler, while the average suspended convective screen is at the same time an additional metal partition made by stitching the gap in between the metal pipes. 2. The hot water boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the grate of the combustion chamber is made wirelessly cooled. 3. The hot water boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the technological partition is made of chamot concrete. 4. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the sections of the suspended radiation screens are made of pipes bent at the end. 5. The hot water boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that for the manufacture of a metal partition from the middle hanging convective screen used for sewing the gap between the pipes, for example, metal strips, corners. 6. The boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the blades of the gas flow divider are fixed in a certain sequence towards each other on a metal bar at an angle of no more than 80 degrees.