RU2060654C1 - Honey distiller - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: apiculture. SUBSTANCE: honey distilling apparatus has bowl-shaped casing 1 with cylindrical wall and bottom provided with members for fastening casing 1 in vertical plane. Horizontal rotor with frame holders 7 is fixed within casing 1. Frame holders are formed as receptacles for honeycomb frames 8. Frame holders 7 are fixed relative to shaft 5 in symmetry one with respect to the other on brackets by corners and orient honeycomb frames 8 so that their upper planks are faced toward cylindrical wall of casing 1 and surfaces of honeycombs 10 extend in parallel with vertical plane of revolution of rotor. Frame holders 7 have corner stops 12 positioned in their lower part and rotary locks 18 positioned in their upper part and adapted to retain frames 8 against shift in operative position. Rotor drive transmission 30 is positioned in casing bottom slots. Cylindrical wall is provided with cylindrical flange 34 whose lower part goes over to honey gravity spout 42 through which honey is discharged into containers 43. Flange 34 prevents honey from leakage over cylindrical wall of casing 1. Frames are mounted in vertical position to facilitate simultaneous discharge of honey from honeycombs 10 at both sides of frame 8. EFFECT: increased efficiency in collecting honey, reduced time and labor consumption for discharging honey from honeycombs and reduced loss of honey. 18 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to agriculture, in particular beekeeping and can be used for pumping (extracting) honey from honeycombs of bee frames.

 A centrifuge adapted to extract honey from honeycombs is called a honey extractor. The invention of the honey separator dates back to 1985, which has since been of great importance in increasing the productivity of bee colonies. Having freed the honeycomb from honey, the beekeeper again substitutes it in the hive, saving the bees from the need to repair their nests by building a new honeycomb. The time saved by the bees is now spent on collecting nectar, secreted during the main bribe by flowers in abundance.

 The well-known honey extractor consists of two main parts of a steel tank 0.75 m high, about 0.5 m in diameter and a drum, which is a quadrangular frame, with an axis in the center. At the base of the tank there is a crane for lowering honey, and the drum is driven into a quick rotation by the handle by means of a bevel gear. The walls of the drum are made of a rare metal mesh, to which the printed frames for pumping honey from them are closely suspended. The size of the grids corresponds to the size of the nesting frames, therefore, at such a honey extractor it is possible to pump out honey from four nesting or eight magazine frames of the standard type at the same time.

 Pumping honey at such honey extractors is rather slow, since each frame must be turned over twice during operation to pump out honey, pumping honey from one side or the other, for which it is necessary to stop the honey extracter for each operation.

Revolving honey separators, including cartridges for placing frames in them, are much more productive. Each mesh cassette, in turn, can rotate around its axis by 180 ^° , turning the honey frame by the same angle, for which you need to stop the centrifuge and turn the handle of the honey extractor drive in the opposite direction.

 The honey races described above are of the chordal type, since the frames in them are placed along the chords; they are made in two and three frames, but their performance is lower in comparison with four-frame honey extractors.

 In large industrial apiaries, where honey has to be pumped out simultaneously from a large number of frames, radial honey separators are used, in which the frames are placed not along chords (i.e. not honeycombs to the walls of the tank), but ribs (i.e. along radii). In this case, the lower planks of the frames are placed closer to the axis of the drum, and the upper ones in the direction of the walls of the tank. Such honey separators make from 20 to 50 capacity frames. (See the book of A. L. Guselnikov “Beekeeping”, M. “Selkhozgiz”, 1954, p. 156-157, Fig. 87 on p. 158).

 Beekeeping equipment plants produce honey separators for 2-4 nesting frames, universal radial for three nests and 27 magazine frames and radial electrified honey extractors for 50 frames. The tanks of the first three honey separators are made of aluminum, and the honey separators for 50 frames are made of stainless steel.

 Hordial four-frame honey separators are designed for apiaries numbering from 150 and up to 200 bee families. The height of such a honey separator is 818 mm, the diameter of the tank is 660 mm, and the weight is 27.6 kg. The capacity of the honey pocket (under the rotor) is 35 liters (50 kg of honey). The productivity of such a honey separator (at 90-95% honey yield) is 78 frames per hour, and the maximum rotor speed is 160 rpm.

 The chordial two-frame honey separator is intended for homestead and nomad apiaries and in its structure is in many respects similar to the described four-frame honey separators. The height of the tank of such a honey extractor is 790 mm, its diameter is 595 mm, its weight is 24.3 kg. In an hour, at least 50 frames can be processed on it. The honey pocket of this honey extract holds 40 kg of honey.

 27-frame universal chordal-radial honey extractors are also used for pumping honey from store honeycombs, with a productivity of 200-215 store honeycombs, or 60 nested honeycombs. Such a honey extractor is equipped with a manual self-locking and self-locking gearbox. When extracting honey on it to rotate the rotor, it is enough to apply a force within 3-4 kg with a maximum rotor speed of 160-180 per minute.

 The radial 50-frame electrified honey extractor is designed for specialized beekeeping farms and large bee farms, in which honey can be pumped out of 150 nesting frames of 435x230 mm in size within an hour, up to 1,200 frames can be processed with such a honey extractor from an eight-hour working day and get at least 2 , 3 tons of honey. At such a honey extractor, honey can be extracted not only from honeycombs, but also from cut timber from them. The rotor speed is from 86 to 270 per minute, which is automatically adjusted by the gearbox, and a shoe brake is used to accelerate the stop of the honey extract. The height of such a honey extractor is 970 mm, the diameter is 1000 mm and the weight is 110 kg. (see. "The textbook of the beekeeper", "Ear", 1973, p. 138-141, Fig. 65-67).

 Each of the honey separators described above has a significant drawback of significant metal consumption (from 24.3 kg to 110 kg), which is practically unacceptable in conditions of nomadic beekeeping with a minimum of free space. In addition, the widespread honey extracts used in individual farms, mainly of the chordal type, in some of which it is necessary to extract at least two times each frame in order to expand it in space, while others (with rotary sections) must be stopped to rotate in the opposite direction . All this creates significant difficulties for beekeepers, delays the pumping process and brings certain losses.

 The aim of the invention is to improve the operational parameters of the honey extractor. This is achieved by reducing the time for pumping honey from bee honeycombs, reducing the size of the honey extractor, reducing the metal consumption of the device and increasing the ease of use, and is ensured by the fact that the honey extractor’s body is cup-shaped with cylindrical walls and the bottom is placed vertically in the space, while the bottom has fastening elements in it vertical plane.

 The honey extractor includes a horizontal rotor, which drives the frame holders into rotation. In this case, the frame holders are fixed and symmetrically mounted on the brackets of the nest, for placing honey frames in them, oriented by the upper bars towards the horizontal walls of the cylindrical body and the planes of the honeycombs parallel to the vertical plane of rotation, and contain corner pockets in the lower part and rotary pockets in the upper part locks holding the frames from axial and radial displacement in the operating mode.

 It should be said that the height of the case is slightly greater than the thickness of the upper plate of the honey frame, and this case is placed on a vertical support (for example, the wall of the nomadic pavilion, while its bottom contains wall mounts and radial grooves to accommodate the transmission of the rotor rotation drive (for example chains), and to prevent the loss of honey in the operating mode, the outer part of the body is framed by an annular bead, structurally turning into a honey estrus.

 In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a honey extract mounted on a wall (for example, a nomadic) pavilion; in FIG. 2 a section of the honey extractor housing according to AA in FIG. 1; in FIG. 3 is a view of the honey separator body according to BB in FIG. 1; in FIG. 4 is a front view of a frame holder with a honeycomb frame fixed therein; in FIG. 5 is a view of a rotary lock housing pivotally mounted on a protrusion of a frame holder; in FIG. 6 is a view of a ball lock holding its body from self-opening in operation mode; in FIG. 7 is a view of the protrusion of the frame holder interacting with the shoulder of the honeycomb frame; in FIG. 8 is a view of the lower left corner of one of the frame holders containing an angular stop, preventing spontaneous displacement of the honeycomb frame in the operation mode of the honey extractor; in FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a known honey extractor with height h; in FIG. 10 general (schematic view) of the honey extractor housing (in Fig. 9), made in the form of a cylinder; in FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of bee honeycombs and centrifugal forces experienced by them during the operation of the honey separator (see FIG. 9); in FIG. 12 is a general view of the chordial honey separator, with a honey frame placed in the body cavity; in FIG. 13 is a view of the cylindrical body of the honey extractor shown in FIG. 12; in FIG. 14 is a cross-sectional view of bee honeycombs and we experience centrifugal loads when pumping honey in a chordal honey extractor (front view in FIG. 12); in FIG. 15 is a view of a honey extractor mounted on a wall according to BB in FIG. sixteen; in FIG. 16 is a view of the honey extract according to G-D in FIG. fifteen; in FIG. 17 is a section of honeycomb honey frames; the process of pumping honey from it in a honey extractor (see Fig. 1); in FIG. 18 is a view of the frame holder in FIG. 4 on BB.

 The honey extractor includes a housing 1 (see Fig. 1), made bowl-shaped with cylindrical walls and a bottom 2, placed vertically in space, with the possibility of hanging on the wall 3 (for example, a nomadic pavilion, not shown in Fig. 1). In this case, the bottom 2 has fastening elements 4 in a vertical plane. The honey extractor includes a horizontal rotor with a shaft 5, which contains frame holders fixed to the brackets 6 that hold the honeycomb frames 8 (see Fig. 4) from radial (in the direction of arrow 9) displacement. Moreover, these frame holders 7 are symmetrically mounted on the brackets 6 nests for placement of honeycomb frames 8 with honeycombs 10 in them, orienting frames 8 with upper bars 11 in the direction of the arrows 9. Moreover, to avoid radial and cellular displacement, each of the frame holders 7 contains in the lower parts angular stops 12 in the form of pockets of angular type (see Fig. 8) and rotary locks 13 (see Fig. 4, 5, 6 and 7), including the protrusions 14 (see Fig. 7), for placing shelves in them 15 honeycomb frames 8 (see FIG. 4) held by said locks 13. When e each lock 13 is a plate 16 and 17, fastened by a stop 18 and having a protrusion 19 and a ball lock 20 (see Fig. 5 and 6), a spring-loaded ball 21 of which interacts with the hole 22 of the protrusion 14 and fixes the stop 18, preventing the cell 8 frames from the vertical. Each of the stops 18 with some interference is rotated around the axis 23 in the direction of the arrows 24 and 25. The honeycomb frame 8 is placed in the corner pockets 12 along the arrow 26 with some initial tilt "on itself", followed by the combination of the external contours of the frame 8 and the frame holder 7 , in which the shoulders 15 (see. Fig. 4) are placed in the cavity 27 of the protrusions 14 (see. Fig. 7) and fixed stop 18 (see. Fig. 5).

 Each of the frame holders 7 of the horizontal rotor is symmetrically placed in the cavity of the honey extractor housing 1 so that their angles 28 (see Fig. 4) touch each other and are fastened by electric welding to give the structure the appropriate rigidity. At the same time, to reduce the height of the housing 1, radial grooves 29 are made on its bottom 2 (see Figs. 1, 3), to accommodate the drive transmission 30 and the hole for the shaft 5 (see Fig. 2) by case) of the driven sprocket 31, which rotates the hub 32 of the rotor, connected via brackets 6 (see Figs. 1, 4) to the frame holders 7 in the direction of arrow 33. (In another embodiment, the transmission of the honey extractor drive can be made in the form of a cardan drive with a bevel gearbox).

 In order to avoid leakage of honey from the cavity of the honey extractor, the housing 1 is framed on the outside by an annular bead 34 (see Fig. 1). In addition, the housing 1 contains at least three fastening elements in the form of eyes 35, one of which is coupled with a pin 36, which gives the structure the corresponding rigidity during vertical fastening of the honey extractor.

 The shaft 5 (see Fig. 1) is driven into rotation by the drive sprocket 37 through the handle 38 in the direction of the arrow 39, which interacts with the rigid base 40. Under the action of centrifugal forces, honey from the honeycombs 10 is pumped out and flows down the walls of the housing 1 in the direction of the arrow 41 and through estrus 42 into tank 43.

 For convincing evidence, the benefits of this honey extractor compared to some honey extractors of known designs in FIG. 9-17 schematically depict the principles of their functioning. Thus, FIGS. 9, 12, and 15 schematically depict the honey separators being compared when viewed from above, and FIG. 9 shows the action of centrifugal force during accelerated rotation of the frame 8, when the cells 10 bend and clamp some convex position 44 (radial honey extractor structure). In this case, with a full run of the honey extract in the form of a centrifuge, honey is pumped out mainly from one side of the honeycombs 10 (see Fig. 11) and discarded by centrifugal force in the direction of arrows 45, and for a more complete pumping of honey from the honeycombs 10, on the other hand, it is recommended to stop honey extractor and expand the frame 8, or start rotating the rotor in the opposite direction. In this case, the height of the housing h (see Fig. 10) is equal to the standard and lies within 800 mm.

 To reduce the size of the honey extractor and the possibility of pumping honey without turning the frame 8, the so-called chordal honey extractors are used, which nevertheless must be stopped before proceeding with rotation in the opposite direction. Such a honey extractor is shown schematically in FIG. 12. At the same time, the height of such a honey extract remains practically the same (see Fig. 13) with the same method of pumping honey from one side of the honeycombs (see Fig. 14).

 This honey extractor compares favorably with known honey extractors primarily in terms of dimensions (see height h in Fig. 16), the rotor drive method with the honeycomb frames 8 mounted on it (Fig. 15) and the possibility of pumping honey from the honeycomb cells 10 (Fig. 17) .

 The specified honey extractor is driven into rotation by the handle 38 by means of the handle 46, and the transmission of the rotor drive is enclosed in a protective casing 47 (see Fig. 1).

 The honey extractor works as follows: its housing 1 is suspended (see Fig. 1) by means of fasteners 4 fixed on the bottom 2 to the wall 3 by means of pins 4a of the pavilion (not shown in Fig.), The handle 46 on the handle 38 is tilted and the eye 35 of the housing 1 is mounted on the pin 36, fixing the honey extractor from the pendulum swing in the operating mode. Then, under the honey estrus 42, a container 43 for collecting honey is substituted and the stops 18 are pumped out in the direction of the arrow 24 (Figs. 4 and 5). After opening the rotary locks 13, the honeycomb frame 8 is placed in the direction of the arrow 26 (see Fig. 8) in the corner pockets 12 and its shoulders 15 are immersed in the cavities 27 (see Fig. 4, 7) of the protrusions 14, after which the rotary stops 18 are closed in the direction of the arrow 25 (Fig. 5) until the click of the ball retainer 20, the ball 21 of which (see Fig. 6) is immersed in the hole 22 of the body of the protrusion 14, containing the axis of rotation 23 of the hinged mounting of the stops 18. Each of the frames 8 is reliable fixed in the frame holder 7, which eliminates its spontaneous movement in the axial and flax direction. Moreover, the frame holders 7 are fastened together by angles, connected to the rotor shaft 5 by means of brackets 6 and form a rigid structure movable around the shaft 5, driven in rotation in a vertical plane by the rotor drive 6 (see Figs. 1, 2, 4).

 When rotating by the handle 38 (using the hinged handle 46) in the direction of the arrow 39, by means of an asterisk 37 and a chain transmission 30, the driven sprocket 31 (see Fig. 2) is connected to the shaft 5 and the hub 32 mounted on the shaft 5 and, therefore, they rotate in the direction of arrow 33 (see Fig. 1) honeycomb frames 8 with honey placed in frame holders 7 located in the cavity of the housing 1 symmetrically relative to each other and calibrated to prevent the device from beating and vibrating in the operating mode.

 Under the action of a developing centrifugal force (in the direction of arrows 9), the honeycomb 10 is evenly freed from honey, on both sides of the frame 8 (see honeycomb 10 in Fig. 17, rotated relative to the housing 1 in Fig. 15), while the honey is protected from leakage by the bottom 2, the housing 1 and the annular side 34, flows along the cylindrical walls of the housing 1 in the direction of the arrow 41 (see Fig. 1) to the estrus 42, directing the product into the container 43. In this embodiment, the upper bias 11 of the frames 8 are fixed, fixed by the shoulders 15 in the cavities 27 of the protrusions 14 (see Fig. 7), and holding locked by rotary locks 13 (see Fig. 4) by means of ball clamps 20 (see Fig. 5, 6), which interact with the holes 22 of the frame holders 7 (see Fig. 7). At the same time, for the convenience of using locks 13 (see Fig. 5), a protrusion 19 is made on the upper part of the strip (plate) 16. To reduce the height of the housing 1, the latter contains radial grooves 29 (see Fig. 3) for placement in them transmissions 30 of the rotor drive 5 (see Fig. 1, 2). However, instead of a chain, a cardan drive can be used as the most preferred honey extract in this design. To increase the rigidity of the drive sprocket 37 of the actuator 5 is fixed on a rigid base 40 (see Fig. 1).

 It should be said that this honey extractor favorably differs from the known ones primarily in smaller dimensions, because the height of its body 1 is close to the thickness of the honeycomb frame 8, which makes it possible to place such a honey extractor in cramped conditions and narrow passages, for example, a nomadic pavilion. However, even in these conditions the convenience of its use is ensured. So, in contrast to all known designs of honey separators, working with this honey separator does not have to slouch, because the placement of frames 8 in a centrifuge is carried out at the level of the worker’s chest. However, the installation of the housing 1 on the wall and its removal does not require special efforts, since the weight of this honey extractor does not exceed ten kilograms, which is at least two times lighter than the well-known household honey extractors. Such a honey extractor is easily mounted in a transport position, for example, on the ceiling of a nomadic pavilion, which cannot be done with well-known honey extractors, can be located in the gaps between hives fixed on the floor and, which is equally important, provides significant convenience for placing honeycomb frames 8 and their dismantling in cavities of the frame holders 7. It is also characteristic that this honey extractor provides the possibility of placing the frames 8 in a vertical plane (the plane of the wall of the pavilion). This is the best option for placing frames 8 in space, because in this case centrifugal forces act directly in the plane of the axial wax, which, like the honeycomb 10, has significant rigidity and the ability to counteract the destructive effect of these forces. As for the possibility of pumping honey, due to the vertical placement of the frames 8, the honeycombs 10 on both sides are oriented in the plane of rotation of the frame holders 7 and are freely freed from the contents, in addition, the frame 8 is not required to be rotated, which significantly reduces the time for apiary maintenance stationary and nomadic honey collection.

 This honey extractor is simple in design, easy to use, non-metal consuming and highly efficient in operation. Therefore, it will find the widest distribution and many fans among beekeepers amateurs and professionals.

Claims (1)

 A honey extractor comprising a housing, in the cavity of which a horizontal rotor is coaxially placed, kinematically connected to the drive mechanism and provided with frame holders for orienting the honeycomb frames with upper brackets towards the inner surface of the housing with fixing elements for said frames, said frame holders being connected to the rotor shaft perpendicularly fixed to it with the same angular displacement between the brackets of equal length, characterized in that the casing is made in a cup-shaped form with cylindrical with drilled walls and a bottom, which has elements for mounting it in a vertical position, troughs for accommodating the transmission of the drive mechanism and an axial hole for positioning the output portion of the rotor shaft therein, and an annular side with a bottom located along the front edge of the cylindrical walls cases with honey estrus, while the fixing elements located closer to the axis of the rotor are made in the form of corner pockets, and located further in the form of rotary locks.

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