RU2016134214A - Жесткий пенополиуретан, имеющий ячейки малого размера - Google Patents

Жесткий пенополиуретан, имеющий ячейки малого размера Download PDF

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RU2016134214A
RU2016134214A RU2016134214A RU2016134214A RU2016134214A RU 2016134214 A RU2016134214 A RU 2016134214A RU 2016134214 A RU2016134214 A RU 2016134214A RU 2016134214 A RU2016134214 A RU 2016134214A RU 2016134214 A RU2016134214 A RU 2016134214A
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polyurethane foam
rigid polyurethane
polyhydric alcohol
mixture
pressure
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RU2016134214A
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RU2016134214A3 (ru
RU2648065C2 (ru
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Луиджи БЕРТУЧЕЛЛИ
Ванни ПАРЕНТИ
Дачао ЛИ
Вэй Лю
Нин Чай
Бэйлэй ВАН
Чэн ЧЭНЬ
Хун Фэй ГО
Цзин ЧЭНЬ
Игэ ИНЬ
Стефан КОСТЕ
Билли Дж. СМИТ
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ДАУ ГЛОБАЛ ТЕКНОЛОДЖИЗ ЭлЭлСи
Ром Энд Хаас Компани
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Claims (24)

1. Способ изготовления жесткого пенополиуретана, включающий:
использование диоксида углерода для создания давления на уровне первого заданного значения на смесь многоатомного спирта, которая включает многоатомный спирт, катализатор и поверхностно-активное вещество;
поддержание давления на уровне первого заданного значения в течение первого заданного времени;
смешивание изоцианат со смесью многоатомного спирта для образования полиуретановой реакционной смеси;
необязательное поддержание давления на полиуретановую реакционную смесь на уровне первого заданного значения в течение второго заданного времени;
увеличение давление на полиуретановую реакционную смесь от первого заданного значения до второго заданного значения, составляющего более чем первое заданное значение; и
выпуск полиуретановой реакционной смеси при заданной скорости снижения давления от давления после истечения третьего заданного времени для изготовления жесткого пенополиуретана, где третье заданное время составляет менее чем 30 минут.
2. Способ по п. 1, где первое заданное значение составляет от 5 мегапаскалей (МПа) до 10 МПа при температуре, составляющей 40 градусов Цельсия (°C) до 80°C.
3. Способ по п. 2, где первое заданное время составляет от 30 секунд (с) до 300 с.
4. Способ по п. 1, где второе заданное значение составляет от более чем 10 МПа до 15 МПа при температуре, составляющей 31°C до 80°C.
5. Способ по п. 1, где использование диоксида углерода для создания давления на уровне первого заданного значения на смесь многоатомного спирта включает использование диоксида углерода в сверхкритическом состоянии для создания давления на уровне первого заданного значения на смесь многоатомного спирта.
6. Способ по п. 1, где необязательно поддержание давления на полиуретановую реакционную смесь на уровне первого заданного значения в течение второго заданного времени увеличивает содержание диоксида углерода в полиуретановой реакционной смеси до значения, составляющего, по меньшей мере, 20 массовых процентов по отношению к полной массе смеси многоатомного спирта после истечения первого заданного времени.
7. Способ по п. 1, где смесь многоатомного спирта имеет среднечисленную функциональность, составляющую, по меньшей мере, 2, и среднее гидроксильное число, составляющее, по меньшей мере, 100 мг KOH/г.
8. Способ по п. 1, где многоатомный спирт выбирается из группы, которую составляют простой полиэфир многоатомного спирта, сложный полиэфир многоатомного спирта или их сочетание.
9. Способ по п. 1, где изоцианат выбирается из группы, которую составляют алифатический изоцианат, циклоалифатический изоцианат, ароматический изоцианат, полиизоцианатный форполимер или их сочетание.
10. Способ по п. 1, где заданная скорость снижения давления составляет, по меньшей мере, 350 МПа/с.
11. Способ по п. 1, где смешивание изоцианата со смесью многоатомного спирта для образования полиуретановой реакционной смесью производит молярное соотношение изоцианатных групп и гидроксильных групп, составляющее более чем 1:1.
12. Способ по любому из пп. 1-11, дополнительно включающий воздействие вакуума на жесткий пенополиуретан.
13. Жесткий пенополиуретан, изготовленный способом по любому из пп. 1-12.
14. Жесткий пенополиуретан по п. 13, причем данный жесткий пенополиуретан имеет среднечисленный размер ячейки, составляющий не более чем 10 мкм.
15. Жесткий пенополиуретан по п. 13, причем данный жесткий пенополиуретан имеет плотность сшивания, составляющую от 1,0 до 3,0, и среднемассовую молекулярную массу (Mw), составляющую от 300 до 900 в расчете на один узел сшивки.
16. Жесткий пенополиуретан по п. 13, причем данный жесткий пенополиуретан имеет пористость, составляющую не менее чем 85 процентов.
17. Жесткий пенополиуретан по п. 13, причем данный жесткий пенополиуретан имеет объемное содержание открытых ячеек, составляющее от 35 процентов (%) до 95% по отношению к суммарному объему ячеек в жестком ППУ.
18. Изоляционная панель, изготовленная из жесткого пенополиуретана по любому из пп. 13-17.
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