RU173440U1 - RETORT - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the pyrolysis of wood and can be used in furnaces for the production of charcoal. The technical objective of the utility model is to increase retort performance, prevent premature retort failure, ensure stability of temperature operating conditions. The retort hatch in the pyrolysis gas exit zone has openings with a diameter of 10 -25 mm, and the total cross-section of the holes is calculated from the condition of equality of the total cross-section of the exhaust pipes of the gas collector, which is installed retort. 4 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the pyrolysis of wood and can be used in furnaces for the production of charcoal.

Known retort for pyrolysis, made in the form of a housing with a bottom, a lid and a cylindrical side wall, equipped with a gas outlet channel, characterized in that the side wall is multilayer, and the gas outlet channel is mounted in the upper part of the side wall (patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 97128, publ. August 27, 2010).

The closest technical solution chosen by the applicant as a prototype is a retort made in the form of a vertical cylinder with a top cover, characterized in that a skirt is additionally made in the lower part of the retort, on the inner surface of which there is a stiffener in the form of a ring with a hinged cover ( patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 76644, published on September 27, 2008).

The aforementioned retort (Fig. 1 and 2) for producing charcoal and other products consists of a retort body (1) made in the form of a cylinder, top tightly closed by a lid (2) with an eye (3), with the lower part installed inside the retort body at some distance from its lower edge, by a ring (5), on which a hatch cover (4) is attached through a hinge (6), through which the retort is loaded with raw materials and the product is unloaded. Between the lower edge of the retort body (1) and the ring (5) there is a skirt (7), made in one piece with the retort body (1). At the top of the retort on the lid there is a ring (3) for transporting the retort.

The manhole cover (4) is used to load raw materials and unload through it finished products - charcoal.

To exit the pyrolysis gas-vapor from the retort, a specially organized gap “B” is used (Fig. 1, view A) between the manhole cover (4) and the ring (5).

After leaving the inner space of the retort, the pyrolysis steam gases enter the space between the sand shutter (8) and the manhole cover (4), from where they, through a specially organized gap “B” between the upper edge of the gas collector (10) and the manhole cover (4) (Fig. 1 ), fall into the gas collector (10), from where the pyrolysis steam and gas under their own pressure through the gas pipe (12) are fed into the furnace.

However, as the work progresses, the level of the sand gate (8) may decrease, the retort sags lower, the clearance “B” decreases and blocks the exit of the pyrolysis steam-gases to the gas collector (10) by the manhole cover (4) (Fig. 3). Pyrolysis gases accumulate in the lower part of the retort and, under increased pressure, break through the sand gate (8) under the lower edge of the skirt (7) and exit into the pyrolysis chamber.

When a sand gate breaks through, the pyrolysis gases light up directly at the bottom of the retort, and as a result of the high-temperature action, the retort metal heats up above permissible temperatures and excess retort metal wear occurs, i.e. faster burnout and premature retort failure. As a result, the service life of the retort is reduced several times.

When pyrolysis combined-cycle gases break through into the pyrolysis chamber, there is a deficit in the furnace and, as a result, the amount of heat generated in the furnace decreases. Therefore, the drying intensity of raw materials decreases and the time for heating the wood increases until the start of the pyrolysis process. As a consequence of all this, there is a decrease in retort productivity and a decrease in the number of products produced.

The technical task of the utility model is to increase the performance of the retort, preventing premature retort failure, ensuring the stability of temperature operating conditions.

The technical result achieved is an improvement in the conditions for the outflow of pyrolysis gases, guaranteed ensuring that pyrolysis combined cycle gases enter the gas collector and are sent for use in the furnace.

The technical problem is achieved in that the retort is made in the form of a vertical cylinder with a top cover, a skirt is additionally made at the bottom of the retort, and a ring is installed on which a hatch is attached through a hinge, characterized in that the hatch in the exit zone of the pyrolysis gases has openings with a diameter of 10 -25 mm, and the total cross-section of the holes is calculated from the condition of equality of the total cross-section of the exhaust pipes of the gas collector, on which the retort is installed.

Comparison of the claimed technical solution with the prototype shows that it differs in the following features:

- the hatch in the exit zone of the pyrolysis gases has openings with a diameter of 10-25 mm;

- the total cross-section of the holes is calculated from the condition of equality of the total cross-section of the exhaust pipes of the gas collector, on which the retort is installed.

Therefore, we can assume that the claimed utility model meets the criterion of "novelty."

The utility model can be manufactured on standard equipment, so it meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

In the hatch cover (4) of the retort, special openings (11) are made (Fig. 4), which are located in the area of the gas collector (10). The total cross section of the holes is calculated according to the area based on the principles of equality of the total cross section of the gas outlet pipes (12) of the gas collector (10). If necessary, the cross-sectional area of the holes may be larger than the cross-section of the exhaust pipes.

Thus, the exit of the pyrolysis steam gas is carried out directly to the gas collector (10), bypassing the lower space of the retort, and in this case all the pyrolysis steam gases are guaranteed to escape through the gas exhaust pipe (12) into the furnace.

The diameter of the holes is selected experimentally based on the fact that the formed charcoal does not fall into the holes of the hatch.

This provides the furnace with the necessary fuel in the form of pyrolysis steam and gas and ensures stable operation of the retort, reliable maintenance of temperature conditions and its high performance.

Claims (1)

A retort made in the form of a vertical cylinder with a top cover, a skirt is additionally made in the lower part of the retort, and a ring is installed on which a hatch is attached through the hinge, characterized in that the hatch has openings with a diameter of 10-25 mm in the pyrolysis gas exit zone, moreover the total cross-section of the holes is calculated from the condition of equality of the total cross-section of the exhaust pipes of the gas collector, on which the retort is installed.

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