RU192827U1 - Wood raw material torrefaction drum - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to heat treatment of wood raw materials and can be used for the production of torreficate. The inventive drum 5 is made in the form of a cylinder with a bottom 17 and a removable cover 21, and a perforated pipe 18 is mounted along the axis of the drum, rigidly connected with one end to the bottom 17, forming an annular cavity for loading the feedstock, a removable cover 21 is made with a hole 22 and the possibility of tight connection around the perimeter with the open end part of the cylinder, and the open end of the perforated pipe 18 is in communication with with a bore 21 of a removable cover 21 with the possibility of removing gaseous products formed during the torrefaction of wood raw materials, which is waste from logging, sawmilling and woodworking in the form of small pieces of wood chips, or sawdust, or a mixture thereof. 3 s.p. crystals, 6 pic.

Description

The utility model relates to the heat treatment of wood raw materials and can be used for the production of torreficate.

Known retort for continuous thermal processing of crushed wood raw materials which includes a reactor, a unit for loading crushed wood into a reactor, a site for pyrolysis of raw materials, a furnace device and a unit for selection of combined-cycle gases. The reactor vessel is installed horizontally, contains a horizontal channel of constant cross section, which is equipped with a prepress assembly of chopped wood raw materials mounted at its beginning with the formation of dense but gas-permeable layers in the form of monoliths from wood particles, which simultaneously serve as filters for the coolant and gas-vapor, while the gas-vapor selection unit pyrolysis and waste coolant is located in the middle of the channel and is made in the form of a collector with horizontal slots, and the horizontal channel is closed nchivaetsya combustion appliance (utility model patent RF № 75657, publ. 20.08.2008g.).

A known retort made in the form of a vertical cylinder with a top cover, a skirt is additionally made in the lower part of the retort, and a ring is installed on which a hatch is attached through a hinge, characterized in that a guide is mounted on the outside of the hatch, in which a bolt with a handle is mounted, moreover, a hole is made on the skirt axis on the skirt, and an emphasis is made on the hatch behind the handle (patent for a utility model of the Russian Federation No. 172245, publ. 07/03/2017)

The closest technical solution chosen by the applicant as a prototype is a retort in the form of a vertical cylinder with a top cover, a skirt is additionally made at the bottom of the retort, and a ring is installed around the inner perimeter of the cylinder, on which a hatch is attached through a hinge, having symmetrical cutouts formed by a broken line a line that represents intersecting chords, the intersection points of which, when the hatch is open, go beyond the projection of the lower end of the skirt (patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 17 2687, published July 19, 2017).

The disadvantage of this design is that when it is used in furnaces, shortcomings are revealed, namely, uneven heating of the raw materials, and as a result, burned the finished product, clumping, as well as sticking of the finished product to the walls of the retort, and as a consequence the need for regular cleaning of the surface of the retort.

The technical task of the claimed utility model is to increase the uniformity of heating of wood raw materials upon receipt of the torreficate.

The technical problem is achieved in that the drum for torrefaction of wood raw materials is made in the form of a cylinder with a bottom and a removable cover, and a perforated pipe mounted rigidly connected to one end with a bottom along the drum axis, forming a ring-shaped cavity for loading the feedstock, the removable cover is sealed connection along the perimeter with the open end of the cylinder, and the open end of the perforated pipe interacts with a removable cover with the possibility of removing gaseous products, uyuschihsya in torrefikatsii.

Cylinder with a bottom and a removable cover, perforated pipe made of metal.

The diameter of the through holes in the perforated pipe may be 1-3 mm.

Comparison of the claimed technical solution with the prototype shows that it differs in the following features:

a perforated pipe is installed along the drum axis;

perforated pipe is rigidly connected to the bottom;

the perforated pipe forms an annular cavity for loading the feedstock;

a removable cover is made with the possibility of tight connection along the perimeter with the open end part of the cylinder;

the open end face of the perforated pipe interacts with a removable cover with the possibility of removing gaseous products formed in the process of torrefaction.

Therefore, we can assume that the claimed utility model meets the criterion of "novelty."

The utility model can be performed using known equipment, therefore, it meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

Figure 1 schematically shows a reactor for working with drums for torrefaction of wood raw materials, where A is the drying section, B is the torrefaction section, C is the cooling section, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 shows the inventive drum, Figs. 4 and 5 show the obtained torreficate from pine shavings, Fig. 6 shows the obtained torreficate from aspen sawdust.

The reactor is mounted on supports 1, 2, 3, on which a guide 4 is rigidly mounted, mounted at an acute angle to the horizon, for example, at an angle of 7є to 10є.

On the guide 4, the drums 5 are moved by gravity. Previously, in the annular cavity of the drums 5, formed by the outer surface of the perforated pipe 18 and the inner surface of the wall of the drum 5, the feedstock is loaded, which is wood raw material in the form of logging waste, sawmilling and woodworking or in the form of small-sized chips and sawdust.

To keep the drums 5 from rolling under the action of gravity along the guide 4, cut-offs 6, 7, 8 are provided in the reactor that can be lowered and raised, providing a controlled rolling of the drums 5 down.

The reactor is closed at the top and sides with a metal fence with a heater 9.

To ensure the required drying temperature, a furnace boiler 14 is used, and a furnace boiler 15 is used for torrefaction of raw materials. To remove flue gases from the furnace boilers 14, 15, the reactor is equipped with a chimney 10.

The temperature of the flue gases in the area of torrefaction of wood raw materials is measured and regulated by temperature sensors 11, and in the drying area - by temperature sensors 12.

The loading of the drums 5 with wood raw materials is carried out on a special device (not shown in the figures) and then the drums 5 are fed with a forklift 13 on the left side and the same forklift 13 on the right side (Fig. 1) the drums 5 with the finished raw materials are removed. Dry or torrefied products are unloaded on the same special device (not shown in the figures), on which the raw materials were loaded.

To limit the spontaneous rolling of the drums 5 serves as a limit stop 16 having slots for the legs of the forklift 13, providing the ability to manipulate the drums 5.

In FIG. 2 shows the inventive drum 5, which is made of stainless steel sheet in the form of a welded cylinder with a diameter of 1.0 to 2.5 meters, a length of 2.0-3.0 meters and having a closed end portion, which is the bottom 17, hermetically welded to the cylindrical base of the drum 5.

A perforated pipe 18 with a diameter of 70-120 mm is welded to the bottom 17 of the drum 5, along its axis, in which through holes 19 through 1-3 mm in diameter are made along the entire length, through which moisture and pyrolysis gases are removed from wood raw materials under the influence of heating formed in the process of torrefaction. The removal of gaseous products from the drum 5 is carried out through the opening 22 of the removable cover 21, from which, after loading the wood raw material into the annular cavity of the drum 5, the plug 26 is removed. The perforated pipe 18 forms an annular cavity in the drum 5 to load the wood raw material, therefore, the wood raw material is heated simultaneously by heat exchange both through the outer surface of the drum 5 and through the walls of the perforated pipe 18.

The open end part of the drum 5 is equipped with a removable cover 21, has a stamped or welded mouthpiece 20, the outer diameter of which corresponds to the diameter of the removable cover 21.

A hole 22 is made in the center of the removable cover 21, which, when the removable cover 21 is mounted on the perforated pipe 18, is fixed by a diametrical locking device 23, which is well known in practice for retorting the use of barrels with a removable cover.

The diametrical locking device 23 is a U-shaped flexible collar that slips around the perimeter of the removable cover 21 mounted on the mouthpiece 20 of the drum 5 from the side of its open end part and the free end of the perforated pipe 18. The diametrical locking device 23 is installed vertically and tightly fixes the removable cover 21 by means of a hook 24, on which a clamp of the locking lever 25 is thrown. By pulling the diametrical locking device 23 and the clamp of the locking lever 25, reliable locking is ensured. oh the cover 21 and, accordingly, the tightness of the drum 5 is ensured. After fixing the removable cover 21, a plug 26 is installed on the perforated pipe 18. To exclude the possibility of wood raw materials entering the perforated pipe 18, the plug 26 is installed on the perforated pipe 18 when loading the drum 5, and after loading is removed.

The inventive device operates as follows.

For loading wood raw material of the drum 5, the removable cover 21 is detached. To do this, the diametrical locking device 23 is removed by opening the locking lever 25 and removing it from the hook 24. The drum 5 is placed on the bottom 17, and a plug 26 is put on the free end of the perforated pipe 18, which, when loading the drum 5, prevents wood from entering the perforated pipe eighteen.

The loading of wood raw material into the drum 5, which is mounted vertically on the bottom 17, is carried out on a special loading conveyor (not shown in the figure) through a dispenser that pours a strictly defined amount of wood raw material into the annular cavity of the drum 5, the level of which should reach the level of the welded-in mouth 20 Next, a removable cover 21 is put on the open end part of the drum 5. In this case, a plug 26 is removed from the perforated pipe 18 and the open end of the perforated pipe 18 is installed in the hole 22 on the removable cover 21, then a diametrical locking device 23 is put on. A clamp of the retaining lever 25 is threaded onto the hook 24 and securely fixes the removable cover 21, preventing atmospheric oxygen from entering the drums 5 and, as a result, ensuring tightness at high temperatures 130-290 єС (up to 350 єС), which prevents spontaneous combustion of wood raw materials during its processing.

To ensure a continuous cycle, the total number of drums 5 should be at least two times greater than the number of drums 5 located in the areas of drying A, thermal modification or torrefaction B and cooling C, and should preferably be 50-60 pieces. The loader 13 places the drums 5 filled with wood raw material in the channel D on the guide 4. In this case, the cutter 6 is lowered, and the cutter 7 is raised and the drums 5 are rolled up to the cutter 7, then the loader 13 loads the following drums 5, completely filling the drying section A to zone D.

Before loading the first drum 5, furnace boilers 14.15 of the corresponding sections of drying and thermal modification - torrefaction, are put into operation, providing heating to a predetermined temperature. Furnace boilers 14.15 operate on wood waste, taken for example in the form of firewood, cuttings.

The temperature of the heat flow in the drying section A should be in the range of 150-190 єС, and in the section of thermal modification and torrefaction of the raw material 200-300 єС.

After the wood raw material is dried within 40 - 75 minutes, the cutter 7 is lowered and the drums 5, as the channel D is loaded, roll down to the cutter 8.

Next, the loader 13 again loads the drums 5 with wood raw materials to the drying section A through channel D. Thermal modification of wood raw materials is carried out at a heat flow temperature from the furnace boiler 15 at a temperature of 200-220 ° C for a duration of 40-60 minutes, and the wood raw materials are torrefied at a thermal temperature flow 290-300 єС, torrefaction time is 30-40 minutes. A feature of the claimed design is that the coolant for drying and torrefaction is simultaneously supplied both to the outer surface and to the inside of the drums 5 through a perforated pipe 18 made of metal. This ensures uniform heating of the raw material, and through the through holes 19 of the perforated pipe 18, pyrolysis gases and water vapor are removed from the cavity of the drums 5, which are then removed from the reactor through the pipe 10.

After the finely ground wood in the drums 5 has undergone thermal modification or torrefaction, the cutter 8 is lowered and the drums 5 with the finished product roll up to the stop 16, where the drums 5 are cooled. In the cooling section C, the cooling of the drums 5 is carried out, as a rule, with water in a finely dispersed jet-drop method using nozzles 27.

When the temperature of the finished product in the drum 5 is less than 80 ° C, at which spontaneous combustion is impossible, the loader 13 picks up the drum 5 and takes it to the finished product unloading area.

The average estimated duration of the cycle of completion of the process in the reactor using the inventive drums 5, completely filled with wood raw material, which is preferably taken wet finely ground wood raw materials in the form of wood chips or sawdust, as well as their mixtures, determined on the basis of the experimental process carried out in an experimental installation, is 150-200 minutes (including cooling in the cooling section C).

This is due to the fact that the reactor for thermal modification and torrefaction of wood waste is a continuous device, where, after rolling one drum 5 to the stop 16 of the cooling section C, the loader 13 takes it to the finished goods warehouse to unload the finished product, and immediately replenishes the drum 5, filled with fresh wood raw material, places it in the channel D instead of the drum 5 which has rolled down earlier (having passed the full cycle).

The average duration of the torrefaction cycle in section B of one annular drum is 20-30 minutes, which is determined on the basis of studies performed on an experimental installation.

In Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the obtained torreficate is made of pine shavings and aspen sawdust, which has a homogeneous structure, which can be obtained only if the raw material is uniformly heated throughout the heat treatment cycle.

Thus, the claimed utility model allows to increase the uniformity of heating of the feedstock upon receipt of the torreficate.

Claims (4)

1. The drum for torrefaction of wood raw materials is made in the form of a cylinder with a bottom and a removable cover, and a perforated pipe mounted rigidly connected to one end with a bottom along the drum axis, forming a ring-shaped cavity for loading the feedstock, a removable cover is made with the possibility of hermetic connection along the perimeter with the open end of the cylinder, and the open end of the perforated pipe interacts with a removable cover with the possibility of removing gaseous products formed in the process of torrefaction. 2. The drum according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylinder with a bottom and a removable cover, a perforated pipe made of metal. 3. The drum according to claim 1, characterized in that the perforated pipe is made with through holes with a diameter of 1-3 mm 4. The drum according to claim 1, characterized in that the wood raw material is a waste of logging, sawmilling and woodworking in the form of small pieces of wood chips, or sawdust, or a mixture thereof.

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