CN106147807B - Horizontal microwave cracking furnace for solid organic matter - Google Patents
Horizontal microwave cracking furnace for solid organic matter Download PDFInfo
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- CN106147807B CN106147807B CN201610772196.5A CN201610772196A CN106147807B CN 106147807 B CN106147807 B CN 106147807B CN 201610772196 A CN201610772196 A CN 201610772196A CN 106147807 B CN106147807 B CN 106147807B
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a horizontal microwave cracking furnace for solid organic matters.A furnace chamber formed by sequentially butting a feeding device (2), a feeding microwave suppressor (4), a microwave heating furnace (5), a discharging microwave suppressor (11) and a discharging device (12) is arranged on a frame (1), a conveying device (3) is arranged in the furnace chamber, the conveying device (3) passes through the microwave heating furnace (5), one end of the conveying device is butted with the feeding device (2), the other end of the conveying device is butted with the discharging device (12), and the central axis of the whole furnace body is horizontally arranged. The microwave pyrolysis device adopts a microwave pyrolysis technology, has high heating speed, can simultaneously heat the inside and the outside of the material by directly acting microwave energy on medium molecules to convert the medium molecules into heat energy because the microwave heating is integral heating, can uniformly penetrate the material no matter what the shape of the material is, is high in pyrolysis speed and fully and thoroughly pyrolyzed on the basis of the microwave non-thermal catalytic effect, has high quality of obtained products, is remarkable in energy conservation, easy to control, has no leakage and harmful gas emission because the microwave energy is transmitted in a closed cavity and a waveguide tube made of metal, and is very safe.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a microwave cracking furnace, in particular to a horizontal microwave cracking furnace for solid organic matters.
Background
With the development of science and technology and the improvement of living standard of people, the quantity of the generated domestic garbage is huge, and the organic waste accounts for a large part of the proportion. The existing garbage disposal methods mainly comprise a landfill method, an incineration method and a composting method. Among them, the incineration method has been the mainstream of the harmless treatment of municipal solid wastes because of its many unique advantages. However, the household garbage incineration technology is still in continuous research and development at present, the technology maturity is low, the equipment operation effect is poor, the environmental pollution is serious, and the resource recovery and utilization rate is low.
On the other hand, the large country taking coal as main energy in China accounts for more than 70% of primary energy consumption, and the pattern cannot be changed greatly in the future energy and coal chemical industry fields in China. In a long period of time later, China must also walk a sustainable development path taking coal as basic energy. The low-metamorphic coal resources in China account for more than 60 percent of the coal resources, and the coal has the characteristics of low ash content, low sulfur content, high calorific value, good selectivity, excellent coal quality and the like. Therefore, the clean conversion technology and the comprehensive utilization technology of the low-metamorphic coal are vigorously developed, and the important strategic significance of further extending the industrial chain to produce various chemical products and energy sources such as oil, natural gas and the like on the sustainable economic development of China is achieved.
The conventional cracking is usually heated by electric heating or high-temperature medium, the heat transfer mode is heating by an external heat source through a conduction mode of heat radiation from the outside to the inside, the heat is transmitted into the inside from the surface of the material, the volatile product is diffused outwards from the inside, and the heat transfer direction is opposite, so that the secondary cracking of the cracking product is easily caused.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a horizontal microwave cracking furnace for solid organic matters, which has the advantages of high cracking speed, full and thorough cracking, high product quality, remarkable energy saving and easy control.
In order to solve the technical problem, the horizontal microwave cracking furnace for the solid organic matters, provided by the invention, is characterized in that a furnace chamber formed by sequentially butting a feeding device, a feeding microwave suppressor, a microwave heating furnace, a discharging microwave suppressor and a discharging device is arranged on a rack, the joint of each section is sealed, a conveying device is arranged in the furnace chamber, the conveying device passes through the microwave heating furnace, one end of the conveying device is butted with the feeding device, the other end of the conveying device is butted with the discharging device, and the central axis of the whole furnace body is horizontally arranged.
The feeding device comprises a feeding hopper, an upper sealing valve, a transition bin, a lower sealing valve, a storage bin and a baffle which are sequentially butted, wherein the storage bin is provided with a feeding level indicator and a discharging level indicator, the feeding level indicator and the discharging level indicator control the level of the material in the storage bin, and the position of the baffle can be adjusted up and down.
And a steam heat exchange system is arranged in the discharging device.
The conveying device is provided with a chain grate, the upper part of the chain grate is paved with a special microwave ceramic plate, and two sides of the chain grate are provided with baffles. The chain grate is supported by the supporting plates at two sides of the furnace chamber and moves in a single direction under the drive of the transmission system; the moving speed of the chain grate can be controlled through variable frequency speed regulation; the transmission system is arranged on the frame.
The microwave special ceramic wafer is made of a high-purity silicon nitride plate, and the content of silicon nitride is more than or equal to 99.98%.
The microwave heating furnace comprises a microwave heating cavity, an exhaust port, an oxygen analyzer interface, an access hole, a thermocouple with a corundum sheath, an explosion-proof port, a pressure transmitter, a microwave crack antenna, a slag cleaning port, a transition waveguide tube, a waveguide and a microwave generator, the microwave heating cavity consists of a stainless steel inner wall, an inner heat-insulating layer arranged on the inner wall of the stainless steel inner wall, a high-temperature-resistant layer arranged on the inner heat-insulating layer, an outer heat-insulating layer arranged on the outer wall of the stainless steel inner wall and a shell arranged on the outer heat-insulating layer, the exhaust port, the oxygen analyzer interface, the access hole, the thermocouple with the corundum sheath, the explosion-proof port, the pressure transmitter, the microwave crack antenna and the slag removal port are arranged on the microwave heating cavity, the microwave generator is connected with the microwave slot antenna through the waveguide and the transition waveguide.
The material of the high temperature resistant layer is a ceramic material special for microwave.
The microwave slot antenna is arranged in the following mode: the microwave emitted by each high-power microwave generator is equally divided into two paths of crack antennas for feeding energy, and the crack antennas are uniformly and crossly arranged on the top of the furnace chamber.
Transition waveguide's both ends all be equipped with transition flange, be equipped with the quartz glass blind plate on the transition flange of one end, be equipped with the tetrafluoro blind plate on the transition flange of the other end, transition waveguide on be equipped with pressure release pipe and pressure sensor.
The microwave generator is formed by combining a plurality of 915MHz high-power microwave generators.
According to the horizontal microwave cracking furnace for the solid organic matters, the materials move forwards slowly on the chain grate, are in a relatively static state, and are subjected to static cracking in the whole cracking process, so that less raised dust is generated, the collection of cracked gas is facilitated, and the quality of the cracked gas is improved.
The invention has the advantages that:
the microwave cracking furnace adopts an advanced microwave technology, the heating speed is high, the microwave heating is integral heating, the microwave directly acts on medium molecules to be converted into heat energy, the material can be heated inside and outside simultaneously, the microwave can uniformly penetrate no matter how the material is shaped, meanwhile, the cracking speed is high, the cracking is full and thorough, the obtained product has high quality, the energy is saved, the microwave cracking furnace is obvious, the microwave energy is transmitted in a closed cavity and a waveguide tube which are made of metal, the leakage and the harmful gas emission are avoided, and the microwave cracking furnace is very safe.
In conclusion, the horizontal microwave cracking furnace for the solid organic matters has the advantages of high cracking speed, full and thorough cracking, high product quality, remarkable energy conservation and easiness in control, is a continuous, controllable, high-efficiency and energy-saving cracking device for the solid organic matters, and is widely suitable for cracking the solid organic matters such as municipal domestic garbage, industrial wastes, agricultural and forestry wastes and low-metamorphic coal.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a front view of the horizontal microwave pyrolysis furnace for solid organic matter.
FIG. 2 is a left side view of the horizontal microwave pyrolysis furnace for solid organic matter.
FIG. 3 is a view of the horizontal microwave pyrolysis furnace for solid organic matter.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along a-a in fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a transition waveguide.
Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the feeding device.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1, 2, 3 and 4, the horizontal microwave cracking furnace for solid organic matters comprises a frame 1, wherein the frame 1 is formed by welding carbon steel sections, and the surface of the frame is subjected to anti-corrosion treatment. A furnace chamber formed by sequentially butting a feeding device 2, a feeding microwave suppressor 4, a microwave heating furnace 5, a discharging microwave suppressor 11 and a discharging device 12 is arranged on the frame 1, and the joints of all sections are sealed to prevent gas generated in the furnace chamber from leaking; the conveying device 3 is installed in the furnace chamber, the conveying device 3 passes through the microwave heating furnace 5, one end of the conveying device is in butt joint with the feeding device 2, the other end of the conveying device is in butt joint with the discharging device 12, the central axis of the whole furnace body is horizontally placed, and the installation and the maintenance are convenient.
Referring to fig. 6, the feeding device 2 includes an upper hopper 34, an upper sealing valve 35, a transition bin 36, a lower sealing valve 37, a storage bin 38 and a baffle plate 41, which are connected in sequence, wherein a loading level indicator 39 and a unloading level indicator 40 are installed on the storage bin 38, the loading level indicator 39 and the unloading level indicator 40 control the level of the storage bin 38, and the position of the baffle plate 41 can be adjusted up and down to control the thickness of the material on the chain grate 23. The tightness of the charging device 2 is ensured by the upper sealing valve 35, the lower sealing valve 37 and the transition bin 36.
Referring to fig. 1, a steam heat exchange system is installed in the discharging device 12, the cracked material becomes high-temperature carbon, and fully contacts with the water wall tubes, and water in the water wall tubes becomes steam through heat exchange. The discharging device has the functions of extinguishing carbon and recovering heat and sealing the cracking furnace.
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, the conveying device 3 is provided with a traveling grate 23, and ceramic plates 22 are laid on the traveling grate 23, so that the microwave penetration is good and the high temperature resistance is achieved. The two sides of the chain grate 23 are provided with baffles 26. The traveling grate 23 is supported by support plates on both sides of the furnace chamber and is driven by a transmission system to move in a single direction. The moving speed of the chain grate can be controlled by frequency conversion and speed regulation. The transmission system is mounted on the frame 1.
The microwave special ceramic plate 22 is made of a high-purity silicon nitride plate (the content of silicon nitride is more than or equal to 99.98%), the material is high-temperature resistant, wear resistant and good in strength, and the high-purity silicon nitride plate is arranged on the traveling grate 23, so that the problem that solid organic matters on the surface of the traveling grate 23 cannot be fully cracked is thoroughly solved (the microwave field is weaker at a place close to the metal surface because the metal surface reflects microwaves).
Referring to fig. 1 and 4, the microwave heating furnace 5 comprises a microwave heating cavity 20, an exhaust port 6, an oxygen analyzer interface 7, an access hole 8, a thermocouple 9 with a corundum sheath, an explosion-proof port 10, a pressure transmitter 14, a microwave crack antenna 15, a slag removal port 16, a transition waveguide 17, a waveguide 18 and a microwave generator 19, wherein the microwave heating cavity 20 is formed by a stainless steel inner wall 21, the microwave cracking device comprises an inner heat-insulating layer 24 arranged on the inner wall of a stainless steel inner wall 21, a high temperature resistant layer 25 arranged on the inner heat-insulating layer 24, an outer heat-insulating layer 27 arranged on the outer wall of the stainless steel inner wall 21 and an outer shell 28 arranged on the outer heat-insulating layer 27, wherein an exhaust port 6, an oxygen analyzer interface 7, an access hole 8, a thermocouple 9 with a corundum sheath, an explosion-proof port 10, a pressure transmitter 14, a microwave cracking antenna 15 and a slag removal port 16 are arranged on a microwave heating cavity 20, and a microwave generator 19 is connected with the microwave cracking antenna 15 through a waveguide 18 and a transition waveguide 17.
The explosion-proof port 10 prevents explosion due to instantaneous increase of gas pressure in the oven cavity. Thermocouple 9 measures the real-time temperature inside the material.
The inner heat-insulating layer 24 is sandwiched between the stainless steel inner wall 21 and the high-temperature resistant layer 25, and plays a role of heat insulation.
The high temperature resistant layer 25 is made of a ceramic material special for microwaves, is arranged on the innermost layer and can prevent tar in the pyrolysis gas from being adhered to the furnace wall, and the microwaves can be started to carry out empty burning (without materials) in an air atmosphere every time, so that a carbon layer on the surface of the microwave is burnt, and the function of protecting equipment is achieved.
The microwave slot antenna 15 is arranged in the following manner: the microwave emitted by each high-power microwave generator is equally divided into two paths of crack antennas for energy feedback, and the crack antennas are uniformly and crossly arranged on the top of the furnace chamber, so that the microwave absorption effect of materials is good, the heating is uniform and rapid, and no dead angle exists.
Referring to fig. 1 and 5, transition flanges 29 are respectively disposed at two ends of the transition waveguide tube 17, a quartz glass blind plate 30 is disposed on the transition flange 29 at one end, a tetrafluoro blind plate 33 is disposed on the transition flange 29 at the other end, and a pressure relief tube 31 and a pressure sensor 32 are disposed on the transition waveguide tube 17.
The transition waveguide 17, which serves to protect the microwave generator 19. When the cracking gas pipeline is blocked, the pressure in the furnace rises to break through the quartz glass blind plate 30, the cracking gas can be discharged from the pressure relief pipe 31, meanwhile, the pressure sensor 32 outputs a signal to the microwave generator 19, and the microwave generator 19 stops working, thereby playing a safety role.
Referring to fig. 1 and 3, the microwave generator 19 is formed by combining a plurality of 915MHz high-power microwave generators, the microwave generator 19 is connected with the microwave slot antenna 15 by a waveguide 18, a transition waveguide 17 is connected in the waveguide and is used for protecting the microwave generator 19, a blind plate which can be easily penetrated by microwaves is arranged in the waveguide, and the blind plate is used for sealing gas in the furnace cavity. Gas purging is added into the microwave slot antenna, so that gas in the cavity is prevented from entering the microwave slot antenna. The microwave is fed in from the slot antenna 15, the microwave is uniformly distributed, the material can better absorb the microwave, and the damage of microwave reflection to the magnetron is effectively prevented.
Referring to fig. 1, fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4, fig. 5 and fig. 6, organic materials enter from the feeding device 2, are driven by the traveling grate 23 to move forward slowly, the materials absorb microwaves when passing through the microwave heating furnace 5, are heated to the cracking temperature rapidly, and decomposed gas is discharged from the exhaust port 6; the remaining solids are discharged from the discharge device 12.
The above detailed description of the present invention is provided for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to be limited to the technical solutions described in the embodiments of the present invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made on the basis of the above description. Not all embodiments are exhaustive. All obvious changes and modifications of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A horizontal microwave cracking furnace for solid organic matters is characterized in that: a furnace chamber formed by sequentially butting a feeding device (2), a feeding microwave suppressor (4), a microwave heating furnace (5), a discharging microwave suppressor (11) and a discharging device (12) is arranged on a frame (1), joints of all sections are sealed, a conveying device (3) is arranged in the furnace chamber, the conveying device (3) passes through the microwave heating furnace (5), one end of the conveying device is butted with the feeding device (2), the other end of the conveying device is butted with the discharging device (12), and the central axis of the whole furnace body is horizontally arranged;
the conveying device (3) is provided with a traveling grate (23), a special microwave ceramic sheet (22) is paved on the traveling grate (23), baffle plates are arranged on two sides of the traveling grate (23), the traveling grate (23) is supported by support plates on two sides of the furnace chamber and moves in a single direction under the drive of a transmission system, and the moving speed of the traveling grate can be controlled by frequency conversion and speed regulation; the transmission system is arranged on the frame (1);
the microwave special ceramic sheet (22) is made of a high-purity silicon nitride sheet, and the content of silicon nitride is more than or equal to 99.98 percent;
and a steam heat exchange system is arranged in the discharging device (12).
2. The horizontal microwave pyrolysis furnace for solid organic matter of claim 1, characterized in that: the feeding device (2) comprises a feeding hopper (34), an upper sealing valve (35), a transition bin (36), a lower sealing valve (37), a material storage bin (38) and a baffle which are sequentially butted, wherein the material storage bin (38) is provided with a feeding level indicator (39) and a discharging level indicator (40), the feeding level indicator (39) and the discharging level indicator (40) control the height of a material level in the material storage bin (38), and the position of the baffle can be adjusted up and down.
3. The horizontal microwave pyrolysis furnace for solid organic matter according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: microwave heating furnace (5) including microwave heating chamber (20), gas vent (6), oxygen analysis appearance interface (7), access hole (8), thermocouple (9) of taking the corundum sheath, explosion-proof mouth (10), pressure transmitter (14), microwave crack antenna (15), slag cleaning mouth (16), transition waveguide (17), waveguide (18) and microwave generator (19), microwave heating chamber (20) by stainless steel inner wall (21), establish the inner wall of stainless steel inner wall (21) on interior heat preservation (24), establish interior heat preservation (24) on resistant high temperature layer (25), establish stainless steel inner wall (21) outer wall on outer heat preservation (27) and establish and want outer shell (28) on outer heat preservation (27) constitute, gas vent (6), oxygen analysis appearance interface (7), access hole (8), Thermocouple (9), explosion vent (10), pressure transmitter (14), microwave crack antenna (15) and the slag removal mouth (16) of taking the corundum sheath are established microwave heating chamber (20) on, microwave generator (19) pass through waveguide (18) with transition waveguide (17) with microwave crack antenna (15) connect.
4. The horizontal microwave pyrolysis furnace for solid organic matter of claim 3, characterized in that: the material of the high temperature resistant layer (25) is a ceramic material special for microwave.
5. The horizontal microwave pyrolysis furnace for solid organic matter of claim 3, characterized in that: the microwave slot antenna (15) is arranged in the following way: the microwave emitted by each high-power microwave generator is equally divided into two paths of crack antennas for feeding energy, and the crack antennas are uniformly and crossly arranged on the top of the furnace chamber.
6. The horizontal microwave pyrolysis furnace for solid organic matter of claim 3, characterized in that: transition waveguide (17) both ends all be equipped with transition flange (29), be equipped with quartz glass blind plate (30) on transition flange (29) of one end, be equipped with tetrafluoro blind plate (33) on transition flange (29) of the other end, transition waveguide (17) on be equipped with pressure release pipe (31) and pressure sensor (32).
7. The horizontal microwave pyrolysis furnace for solid organic matter of claim 3, characterized in that: the microwave generator (19) is formed by combining a plurality of 915MHz high-power microwave generators.
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CN203200218U (en) * | 2013-04-01 | 2013-09-18 | 景卫东 | Microwave anaerobic continuous carbonization device of household garbage |
CN205974368U (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2017-02-22 | 湖南省中晟热能科技有限公司 | Horizontal microwave pyrolysis furnace of solid organic matter |
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