RU122984U1 - OPTICAL SYSTEM OF HELICOPTER LANDING ON THE SHIP TAKEOFF AND LANDING AREA - Google Patents

Abstract

1. Optical system for landing a helicopter on a ship's landing site, containing a glide path indicator, consisting of a two-axis stabilization device and a glide path indicator lights block and having an input for connecting to a power line and an input-output for connecting to an inter-module communication channel; heading indicator, consisting of a biaxial stabilization device and a heading indicator lights unit and having an input for connecting to a power supply line and an input-output for connecting to an intermodular information exchange channel; true horizon indicator, consisting of a uniaxial stabilization unit and a luminous bar of the true horizon indicator and having an input for connecting to a power line and an input-output for connecting to an intermodular information exchange channel; one or two units of light emitters for indication of the ship's roll with light characteristics similar to those of light emitters of the true horizon indicator bar, each of which has an input for connecting to a power supply line and an input-output for connecting to an intermodular information exchange channel; an indicator of the position of the runway relative to the mark of the undisturbed level of the water surface, containing an information field of the indicator scale and an information field for displaying the position of the takeoff and landing area in the form of a bar chart; a control panel for the optical landing system of the helicopter, which has an input for connecting to the power supply buses and an input-output for connecting to an intermodular information exchange channel; power protection unit, switched and protected

Description

The utility model relates to the field of instrumentation, namely to the technique of marine light-signaling devices, and can be used on ships to provide takeoff and landing of a helicopter or other aircraft (LA) with vertical takeoff and landing, on the take-off and landing site in simple and complex meteorological conditions.

It is known that helicopters are successfully used in navigating ships in the Arctic and Antarctica, on fishing, transport and passenger ships, on ships of the navy. To organize flights on such ships and ships, helicopter runways and runway support facilities are equipped. The effectiveness of the use of helicopters significantly depends on the ability to perform approach and landing on runways at night in difficult weather conditions (SMU).

To increase the safety of helicopter landing on ships and watercraft, such visual means of landing support as heading and glide path indicators, indicators of the true horizon or vertical are used. Original runway lighting systems are used, which help pilots navigate in space above the deck of the ship. One of the effective ways to increase the safety of helicopter landing on runways is an integrated approach to creating optical helicopter landing systems. (IWP) and blocks of light emitters indicating the pitching of a water vessel, referred to in NKUG.461523.001 OM as order bank lights (OKZ), stabilization unit (BS), which includes a computing device, an IWP LED control unit, an electromechanical uniaxial stabilization bar pointer to the true horizon.

Lighting devices emit light rays into space, using which the pilot flies during approach and landing. Power management of all components of the OSPV is performed using the control panel (PU).

The IG and IR indicators have a biaxial pendulum stabilization system, and the true horizon indicator is uniaxial based on the electromechanical unit of uniaxial stabilization.

OSPV has two inputs: on-board power is supplied to one of them in the control panel, and data from the navigation system of the ship (NSC) is received via the multiplexed channel of information exchange (MKIO) to the other. The data contains information on the side, keel and vertical pitching.

From the control panel, power is supplied to all components of the OSPV. Turning the power on and off is done using the toggle switches, which are located on the control panel.

The true horizon indicator (TIG) is the light bar of the true horizon indicator (PUIG), which in its initial position is mounted on the output shaft of the uniaxial stabilization unit parallel to the plane of the runway. TIG provides the pilot with position information

There is a known optical system for landing a ship-based helicopter - OSPV (see, Optical landing system for a helicopter OSSPRV-20380. Operating Instructions NKUG.461523.001 RE created by Scientific and Technical Center Alfa-M, Ramenskoye, Moscow Region).

The main means of providing a landing in this system are lighting devices: a glide path indicator (IG), a heading indicator (IR), a true horizon indicator (UIG), an indicator of vertical movement of the horizon line during onboard rolling of the ship in the earth coordinate system. In this case, the horizon line is indicated by a luminous bar.

Blocks of light emitters of an indication of the roll of a water vessel are installed on the superstructure of the vessel in line with the PUIG bar parallel to the horizontal plane of the runway stationary at a certain distance from the ends of the bar. When pitching, the PUIG maintains a horizontal position, and the blocks of light emitters indicating the pitching swing in a vertical plane relative to the PUIG, thereby providing the pilot with information about the direction and, approximately, the size of the pitching and the position of the runway relative to the true horizon.

The indicator of vertical movement of the runway is designed to indicate the position of the take-off and landing platform (runway) of the ship in a vertical plane relative to the unperturbed surface of the water. This level is displayed using the base unit lights. The IWP has six upper and six lower blocks of scale lights and an indication of the runway position relative to the unperturbed surface of the water. In each block of lights there are four green elements of light radiation to indicate the current position of the runway and one yellow to indicate the scale of the runway. The lights of the scale are located to the right of the green light emitter.

All the blocks being assembled at the application object form the vertical movement indicator itself, in which green light emitters form a vertical line to indicate the current runway position, and yellow ones - an indicator scale of vertically arranged marks indicating the amount of vertical runway movement relative to the unperturbed surface of the water.

The IS forms in the space behind the stern of the ship yellow (above the glide path), green (on the glide path) and red (below the glide path) adjacent to each other three light fluxes located in a vertical plane.

The optical axis of the central luminous flux of the glide path indicator coincides with the direction of the trajectory of the helicopter's descent when approaching.

The PC forms in the space behind the stern of the ship three blue light fluxes that are adjacent to each other in the horizontal plane. The right and left light streams are switched on in a pulsed mode with different frequencies. The optical axis of the central light flux is parallel to the optical axis of the central light flux of the glide path indicator.

After turning on the OSPV, the control unit calculator, which is part of the stabilization unit, firstly receives on-board roll data from the navigation system and converts them into control signals for the electric drive of the uniaxial stabilization unit, on the shaft of which a true horizon indicator plate is fixed (PUIG); PUIG turns at an angle equal to the angle of the ship;

Secondly, the same calculator receives data on pitching and vertical rocking of the ship, which, together with data on rolling, are converted into control signals by green LEDs indicating vertical movement BPPl.

The disadvantages of this OSPV are:

1. Multi-wire cable network system.

2. The control panel by its design fundamentally does not meet the requirements of integrating it into the panel of the console, integrated on the basis of modern information and computer technologies.

3. There is no brightness control of the light emitters in the display blocks of the pitching of the watercraft, in the level indicator of the true horizon and the light blocks of the vertical displacement indicator.

4. In the course and glide path indicators, a manual control circuit for the device for fixing the pendulums in the idle state is used, which does not allow it to be used in real operating conditions, since these indicators are usually located in places difficult to service,

5. The indicator of vertical movement is made in the form of separate light blocks, which are assembled together in a single indicator directly at the place of its installation on the ship, which increases the complexity of work directly on the ship in difficult weather conditions.

6. The directions of light emission from the heading and glide path indicators are set on a pendulum suspension, which causes great difficulties during assembly.

7. In general, the system adopted an irrational layout of the computing device, control units of the vertical displacement indicator, uniaxial stabilization unit of the true horizon indicator, etc.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved result is an optical system for helicopter landing on a ship take-off and landing site (see, application RU No. 2012.120776, IPC G08G 5/02, B64F 1/18, B64D 45/08, priority dated 05.21.2012) , which includes lighting devices: glide path (IG) and heading (IR) indicators, true horizon indicator (UIG), two blocks of light emitters of the ship’s roll indication, vertical movement indicator, control panel, power protection, switching and control unit cable network elek tracking of components of the OSPV and cable radial control network based on multiplexed channels of information exchange.

IR and IG are designed to inform the pilot about the position of the helicopter relative to a given trajectory during approach.

The true horizon indicator, together with the OKZ, is intended to inform the pilot of the direction and magnitude of the side rolling and the pilot to evaluate the helicopter position in the horizontal plane or the position of the helicopter relative to the runway plane.

The composition of the TIG includes an electromechanical unit of uniaxial stabilization (BFB) and the light bar of the true horizon indicator (PUIG), which is installed on the output shaft of the BFB.

The vertical displacement indicator (IVP) is intended for the pilot to evaluate the magnitude and direction of runway movement in the vertical plane.

The IWP is a rectangular LED screen, along the long side of which there are two information fields: the IWP scale field and the runway center position display field.

The control panel is a panel station built on the basis of an industrial personal computer. The remote control system implements a program system with a user-friendly graphical interface.

The power protection, switching and control unit (BZPKU) is the core of the OSPV. It includes a computing device and a protection and switching unit or power distribution.

All the components of the OSPV are combined into a single information management system using a cable network based on direct connections through power circuits and multiplexed information exchange channels (ICIE).

All lighting products have the same structural diagram, which consists of light elements, control units and brightness control of light elements and interface devices. The basis of all control units and brightness control of light elements of lighting devices are programmable microcontrollers and means for interfacing microcontrollers with light elements.

The basis of the control unit is a computing device (WU), which is connected to the ICIE via interface devices. The exchange of information with lighting devices occurs in accordance with the specified protocols of information interaction.

The VU provides the conversion of information about the ship’s pitching, coming from the navigation system, into control signals, in accordance with which the light elements of the runway position indication information field are controlled and the uniaxial stabilization unit of the true horizon indicator is controlled.

The control panel interacts with the WU.

It has a friendly human-computer interface with appropriate display formats and operation logic. With its help, the issuance of commands for turning on and off the components of the OSPV, adjusting the brightness of the light elements of all components, monitoring the technical condition of the components, etc. is provided.

The optical helicopter landing system operates as follows.

On-board power supply voltages and signals from the NSC, which contain information about the keel, side and vertical rolls of the watercraft, are received at the OSPV inputs.

Control commands from the remote control via the bidirectional MKIO are transmitted through interface devices to the control unit of the BZPKU, which controls the operation of the system’s components. Each component of the OSPV (IWP, UIG, OKZ, IG, IK is associated with the VU BZPKU radial bidirectional MKIO. From the VU BZPKU receive control commands for the light elements that are part of them, and in the uniaxial stabilization unit (BOS), on the shaft of which a bar is fixed TIG, the roll angle of the ship is received from the NSC. In addition, the value of the current and forecasted position of the center of the runway, determined by the VU taking into account the location of the center of the runway, is transmitted to the IWP. In this case, the bar graph turns green with the runway moving down and red When moving the runway down, the top of the diagram is the current position of the runway, and the bottom is the calculated predicted lower position of the run. When the run is upward, the bottom of the diagram is the current position of the runway and the top is the calculated predicted upper position of the runway. The program provides the ability to display only the current position of the runway in the form of movable horizontal rows of red light elements when the runway moves up and green when the runway moves down.

The marking of the scale on the information field of the scale of the IWP is carried out programmatically in the form of large and small risks. The marking of the scale depends on the magnitude of the displayed vertical movement of the runway. Accordingly, the error of the indication of vertical displacement also depends on this. The vertical movement of the runway center is indicated relative to the line of LEDs indicating the undisturbed water level.

The uniaxial stabilization unit monitors changes in the roll angle of the ship and rotates the bar of the true horizon indicator (PUIG) by the corresponding angle, holding it in a horizontal position.

PUIG allows the pilot to land while holding the helicopter in a horizontal position.

In the opposite direction, at the request of the control unit, all the components of the OSPV send health signals to it, which are then transmitted to the control panel.

All components of the OSPV incorporate interface devices through which they interact with interface devices BZPKU.

Power to all components is supplied by commands from the control panel through the switching unit and power protection, which is located in BZPKU. From the outputs of the switching unit and power protection, power is supplied to all OSPV products.

The IG consists of two identical actuators - blocks of lights that are rotated relative to each other at an angle of 10 ° -15 ° in the horizontal plane. The optical axes of both blocks are inclined to the horizon by an angle equal to the angle of inclination of the helicopter landing glide path, for example, 4 °. The presence of two blocks of lights allows you to identify two independent glide paths, rotated in the course of one relative to the other at an angle of 10 ° -15 °.

Blocks of lights are attached to the pendulum suspension, which stabilizes them during on-board and keel pitching of the ship. Each of the blocks of lights contains interface devices for communication with BZPKU and three modules of multi-colored LEDs, a control unit for light elements and brightness control. In addition, the IG includes a pendulum lock, which receives commands through the interface device and converts them into control signals for the locking device, which fixes the pendulum suspension when the OSPV is not in working condition.

The composition of the IR includes two identical blocks of lights rotated relative to each other at an angle of 10 ° -15 ° in the horizontal plane. The optical axes of both blocks are inclined to the horizon by an angle equal to the angle of inclination of the helicopter landing glide path, for example, 4 °. The presence of two blocks allows you to designate two independent courses, rotated one relative to the other at an angle of 10 ° -15 ° along the course.

Blocks of lights attached to the pendulum suspension, which stabilizes them when the ship is rocking. Each of the blocks of lights contains interface devices for communication with BZPKU, three modules of blue light emitters, control units and brightness control of light elements. In addition, the POC includes a pendulum lock, which receives commands through an interface device and converts them into control signals for a locking device, which fixes the pendulum suspension when the SIRS is not in working condition.

The disadvantages of the considered OSPV include:

1. The use of a pendulum stabilization system for blocks of lights for heading and glide path indicators imposes a restriction on the placement of these indicators on a water vessel. The stabilization error significantly depends on the position of the glide path indicators and the course relative to the center of pitching of the watercraft.

2. IR and IG have restrictions on course angles of approach.

3. Directly upon landing, the pilot is not provided with information about the position of the true horizon (true vertical).

The technical result of the solution is to increase the safety of helicopter landing by increasing the technical and operational characteristics of the OSPV.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the optical system for landing a helicopter on a ship landing strip, which contains:

a) the glide path indicator, consisting of a biaxial stabilization device and the lights block of the glide path indicator and having an input for connecting to a power line and an input-output for connecting to an intermodular communication channel;

b) a heading indicator, consisting of a biaxial stabilization device and a heading indicator lights unit and having an input for connecting to a power line and an input-output for connecting to an inter-module information exchange channel;

c) a true horizon indicator, consisting of a uniaxial stabilization unit and a luminous strip of a true horizon indicator and having an input for connecting to a power line and an input-output for connecting to an inter-module information exchange channel;

d) one or two blocks of light emitters indicating the ship’s pitching with light characteristics similar to the light characteristics of the light emitters of the indicator bar of the true horizon, each of which has an input for connecting to a power line and an input-output for connecting to an intermodular communication channel;

d) an indicator of the position of the runway relative to the level of the undisturbed level of the water surface, containing the information field of the indicator scale and the information field for displaying the position of the runway in the form of a bar chart;

f) the control panel of the optical helicopter landing system, having an input for connecting to power buses and an input-output for connecting to an inter-module information exchange channel;

g) a power supply protection, switching and control unit for an optical helicopter landing system, comprising: a power switching and protection unit having outputs of switched and protected power lines for connecting to the inputs of all the components of an optical helicopter landing system, and a computing device and interface blocks, inputs the outputs of which are connected to the multiplex channels of the information exchange of the ship's navigation system, heading and glide path indicators, a true horizon indicator, an on-board pitch indicator of the vessel, the remote control;

h) a radial cable network to provide all the components of the optical system with power and information exchange through intermodular channels of information exchange, as well as

a) distance guidance and glide path indicators have been introduced into the heading indicator and glide path indicator, and the heading and glide path indicator blocks of course lights, and PC and IG biaxial stabilization devices are made on the basis of electromechanical devices controlled remotely according to the calculator of the power protection, switching and control unit;

b) the indicator of the position of the runway is made on the basis of the LED screen, in the information field of which, in addition to the information field for displaying the vertical movement of the runway, an information field is introduced to display the true vertical or (and) true horizon in the form of a light cross or light letter T .

The essence of the technical solution is the introduction into the composition of the glide path indicators and the course of devices for remote guidance of the fire blocks at the heading in the range of angles of ± 60 ° with a resolution of 1 °, the replacement of the pendulum stabilization system of the fire blocks of the glide path and heading indicators with the gyroscopic based on electromechanical biaxial stabilization devices the composition of the position indicator of the center of the runway of the information field indicating the true vertical and true horizon in addition to the information field display vertical movement runway.

Comparison of the proposed solution with well-known technical solutions shows that it has a new set of essential features that, together with the known features, can successfully achieve the goal.

Figure 1 shows the structural diagram of the proposed optical helicopter landing system with the following notation:

1. Glide path indicator - IG.

2. The course indicator is IR.

3. Indicator of the true horizon - UIG.

4. The block of light emitters indicating the pitching of the watercraft No. 1, referred to in the text as the bank lights of the order - OKZ No. 1.

5. The block of light emitters indicating the pitching of the watercraft No. 2, referred to in the text as the bank lights of the order - OKZ No. 2.

6. The indicator of the position of the runway-IPvpp.

7. The control panel.

8. Power protection block, switching and control - BZPKU.

9. Multiplex channels of information exchange - MKIO.

10. Power bus.

11. Protected power lines of the components of the optical helicopter landing system.

12. Ship navigation system - NSC. Figure 2 shows the structural diagram of the position indicator VIN - IPvpp with the following notation:

6 VGSh position indicator.

6.1. Light elements of the information field indicating the true vertical (SI) and true horizon (IG).

6.2. Light elements of the information field display vertical movement of runways

6.3. Control and adjustment unit.

6.4. Interface device

As shown in figure 1, the composition of the OSPV includes lighting devices: glide path indicators (IG) 1 and course (IR) 2, true horizon indicator (UIG) 3, two blocks of light emitters indicating the pitching of the ship 4, 5, hereinafter referred to as like order bank lights (OKZ), runway position indicator 6, control panel (PU) 7, power protection, switching and control unit (BZPKU) 8, communication lines of multiplexed information exchange channels (MKIO) 9, input power bus OSPV 10, protected power lines of the components of the optical helicopter landing system 11. OSPV is connected via the MKIO to the ship navigation system (NSC) 12.

IG 1 and IK 2 are designed to inform the pilot about the position of the helicopter relative to a given trajectory during approach.

The true horizon indicator 3 together with OKZ 4, 5 is intended to inform the pilot about the direction and magnitude of the side rolling and the pilot to evaluate the helicopter position in the horizontal plane or the position of the helicopter relative to the runway plane.

The indicator of the position of the runway IPvpp is intended for the pilot to evaluate the size and direction of runway movement in the vertical and horizontal planes.

All OSPV devices are combined into a single information and control system using a cable network based on direct connections via power supply circuits 11 and multiplex information exchange channels (MKIO) 9 with BZPKU 8.

All lighting products consist of light elements, control units and brightness control of light elements and interface devices. The control and brightness control units of the light elements of lighting devices are programmable microcontrollers and means for interfacing microcontrollers with light elements.

In BZPKU, the main elements are a computing device (WU), a set of interface devices and a power protection and switching unit. WU through interface devices connected to the ICIE. The exchange of information with lighting devices occurs in accordance with specified protocols for information interaction.

The transmitter provides the conversion of information about the ship’s pitching, coming from the navigation system 12, into the control signals of the runway position indicator and the true horizon indicator (UIG) 3 control signals, glide path indicators 1 and course 2.

The control panel 7 is a panel station based on a personal computer, as a rule, with a touch method for issuing commands. It interacts with the computing device BZPKU 8. The console has a friendly human-computer interface with appropriate display formats and logic of work.

The optical helicopter landing system operates as follows.

The on-board power supply 10 and signals from the navigation system (NSC) 12 are received at the OSPS inputs. The signals from the NSC 12 contain information about the onboard, keel and vertical rocking of a water vessel or ship.

In accordance with the data of pitching and rolling, the computing device BZPKU 8 provides the processing and transmission of information on the MKIO to the indicators IG 1 and PC 2. In the indicators IR 2 and IG 1, information is converted into control signals of electromechanical drives to ensure stabilization of the respective blocks of lights.

To stabilize the bar of the true horizon indicator 3, information on the roll is transmitted from the control unit of the BZPKU. In the uniaxial stabilization unit, it is converted into control signals of the UIG bar position along the roll. The data on all types of pitching after mathematical processing in the VU BZPKU are converted into control signals of the light elements displaying the vertical movement of the runway. Using WU according to the given algorithms, the predicted values of the depression of the next wave during the runway downward movement and the wave tops during the runway upward movement are calculated. The roll data is used to control the position of the light elements of the display on IPvpp 6 true vertical and true horizon. The program provides the ability to display only the current position of the runway in the form of movable horizontal rows of red light elements when the runway moves up and green when the runway moves down.

The marking of the scale on the information field for displaying the vertical movement of IP 6 (see figure 2) is carried out programmatically in the form of large and small pictures. The marking of the scale depends on the magnitude of the displayed vertical movement of the runway. Accordingly, the error of the indication of vertical displacement also depends on this. Indication of the vertical movement of the center of the runway is relative to the line of LEDs of the information field indicating the unperturbed water level.

At the request of VU BZPKU from all components of the OSPV health signals are received, which are then transmitted to the console 7 for presentation to the operator.

All components of the OSPV incorporate interface devices through which they interact with interface devices BZPKU 8.

The technical and economic effect of the proposed solution is to increase the safety of helicopter landing by increasing the technical and operational characteristics of the OSPV.

Depending on the size of water vessels, their scope, tactics of using helicopters, the level of equipment of helicopters with means for providing helicopter landing, it is possible to use optical landing systems in a reduced configuration. Obviously, the OSPV can be recommended as a minimum configuration, which should include a true horizon indicator, order bank lights, a control panel and a power protection, switching and control unit. At the same time, the structural scheme of the OSPV is changed only by excluding from this scheme the corresponding components and the supply lines and ICIP lines that are suitable for them.

Thus, the described version of the proposed system does not exhaust all their diversity, which can be implemented in accordance with the proposed technical solution formula.

Claims (2)

1. An optical system for helicopter landing on a ship landing strip, comprising a glide path indicator, consisting of a biaxial stabilization device and a block of glide path indicator lights and having an input for connecting to a power line and an input / output for connecting to an intermodular communication channel; heading indicator, consisting of a biaxial stabilization device and a block of heading indicator lights and having an input for connecting to a power line and an input-output for connecting to an inter-module information exchange channel; true horizon indicator, consisting of a uniaxial stabilization unit and a luminous strip of the true horizon indicator and having an input for connecting to a power line and an input-output for connecting to an intermodular channel for exchanging information; one or two blocks of light emitters indicating the pitching of the vessel with light characteristics similar to the light characteristics of the light emitters of the true horizon indicator strip, each of which has an input for connecting to a power line and an input-output for connecting to an inter-module information exchange channel; an indicator of the position of the runway relative to the level of the undisturbed level of the water surface, comprising an information field of the indicator scale and an information field for displaying the position of the runway in the form of a bar chart; a control panel for an optical helicopter landing system having an input for connecting to power buses and an input-output for connecting to an inter-module information exchange channel; a power protection unit, switched and protected power lines for connecting to the inputs of all the components of the optical helicopter landing system, and a computing device and interface units whose inputs and outputs are connected to the multiplex channels of information exchange of the ship's navigation system, heading and glide path indicators, true horizon indicator , indicator of onboard rolling of a water vessel, control panel; a radial cable network to provide all the components of the optical system with power and information exchange via intermodular channels of information exchange, characterized in that distance guidance devices along the course of the blocks of lights of the course and glide path indicators are introduced into the heading indicator and glide path indicator, and biaxial stabilization devices of the course indicator the glide path indicator is based on electromechanical devices controlled remotely according to the calculator of the power protection unit, switching and management. 2. The helicopter landing optical system according to claim 1, characterized in that the position indicator of the runway is made on the basis of an LED screen, in the information field of which, in addition to the information field for displaying the vertical movement of the runway, an information field is introduced for display in the form of a light cross or light letter T of the true vertical or (and) true horizon.