RU119977U1 - UNIVERSAL CULTIVATOR FOR TREATMENT OF STRAW AND PRESEEP TREATMENT OF SOIL - Google Patents

Abstract

A universal cultivator for stubble cultivation and pre-sowing soil cultivation, containing an all-metal frame with support wheels, flat-cutting working bodies arranged in a staggered pattern and made in the form of racks, in the upper part of which there is a safety system against overloads, and equipped with holes with the possibility of changing the angle of attack, at the same time, in the lower part of the flat-cutting bodies, a ploughshare, winged side knives at an angle of 15 °, guide dumps are installed, and the concave hemispherical discs of the upper part are equipped with a safety system and are fixed to a double-girder parallelogram frame made as a single block with double ribbed rollers to facilitate depth and accuracy control deepening of flat-cutting working bodies, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional copying device with a central support on the frame of a universal cultivator, which, together with a support for fastening double rollers with a radial slot hole, produces it is the deviation of the extreme supports of the double rollers when hitting an obstacle without lifting the universal cultivator, while ensuring the specified depth of soil cultivation.

Description

The technical field to which the utility model relates.

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular, to universal tillage units that perform several technological operations in one pass.

State of the art

A device for tillage is known, which is based on a disk harrow, the design of which allows folding it for transportation, containing a frame with a middle and side parts. The lateral parts can be folded relative to the middle part around horizontal axes oriented in the direction of movement from the working horizontal position to the vertical transport. The middle part of the frame can be lowered to a position in which the lifting hydraulic cylinders are completely unloaded. After this operation, the remaining clearance is sufficient for transportation. The advantage of the complete unloading of the lifting hydraulic cylinders is that the machine remains in the transport position even if it is disconnected from the tractor’s hydraulic system (see French No. 2590107, class A01B 21/08, 73/04, 63 / 22, publ. 05.22.1987).

The disadvantage of this device is the low reliability and quality of tillage.

Known combined tillage machine containing a horizontal rotary working body mounted on a frame in the form of disk cutters and loosely and staggered loosening working bodies in the form of plane cutters and chisel paws with plungers, while it is equipped with additional rotary working located on the frame behind the horizontal rotary working body bodies with vertical axes of rotation, the distance between which is equal to the width of their grip, and the chisel legs are equipped with free pairs mounted in their racks rotating rollers, while the distances from the lower edges of the pliers cutters to the axis of rotation of the horizontal rotary working body are greater than the radius of its disk cutters, the lower edges of the teeth of rotor organs with vertical axes of rotation are located above the cutting plane of the disk cutters, and at least one of the pairs of rollers of each the chisel paws are located below the lower edges of the oral pliers of the plane cutters (see US Pat. No. 2015630, class A01B 49/02, publ. July 15, 1994).

The disadvantage of this machine is the low quality of soil treatment.

Known combined tillage unit, including a frame with support wheels, adjustment mechanisms and sequentially located disk batteries, plano cutting working bodies and a roller, while a drum is mounted on the frame behind the plane cutting working bodies, the blades of which are arranged radially and equipped with sharpeners, and the roller is connected to the frame articulated with the help of spring-loaded racks, while its disks are equipped with rods with knife-shaped teeth, the latter of which are installed at right angles to each other (see US Pat. No. 212 3776, CL A01B 49/02, publ. 12/27/1998).

The disadvantage of this unit is that it does not provide the necessary soil preparation for sowing winter crops.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive effect is a universal tillage unit, which includes a frame with support wheels, flat-cutting working bodies, concave single discs, tubular rollers, spring bars located behind the tubular rollers, and mechanisms for regulating the depth of soil cultivation. In this case, the initially located plane-cutting working bodies are attached to the frame with brackets, single concave disks are located behind the plane-cutting working bodies and are connected by a single unit with dual tubular rollers with a two-frame frame, the strings are located on the same frame with dual tubular rollers, (see Pat. RU No. 96451, CL A01B 49/02, published on 08/10/2010 g).

The disadvantage of this tillage unit is the low reliability of the unit frame when operating the unit on solid soils and soils at a moisture content of less than 10%, insufficient closure of crop residues during stubble cultivation, and insufficient intensity of crumbling of lumps of soil when processing solid soils.

Utility Model Disclosure

The objective of the proposed utility model is the development of a universal cultivator used for any application conditions from stubble cultivation to pre-sowing treatment and performing several technological operations in one pass:

- subsurface cutting, loosening and intensive mixing of the soil over the entire working width, even with a small depth of stubble cultivation and pre-sowing tillage for sowing winter crops,

- exact keeping the working depth during pre-sowing tillage for sowing winter crops.

- grinding and intensive mixing of the soil and crop residues, providing rapid germination of carrion and weed seeds during stubble cultivation of the soil,

- crushing of soil blocks into small fractions, compaction of the subsurface soil with rollers - levelers, leveling and surface layer, to preserve soil moisture reserves, prevent wind and water erosion.

The technical result that can be achieved using the proposed utility model is reduced to high reliability, preserving the specified depth during tillage, ensuring optimal soil copying and creating an optimal surface soil layer.

The technical result is achieved using a universal cultivator containing a frame with support wheels, control mechanisms, flat-cutting working bodies, concave hemispherical disks, dual ribbed rollers mounted on one parallelogram two-frame frame. The frame of a universal cultivator with support wheels is made all-metal.

The plane-cutting working bodies are staggered and made in the form of racks, in the upper part of which a safety system against overloads is installed, and are equipped with holes with the possibility of changing the angle of attack depending on the type and moisture of the soil, while the ploughshare is installed in the lower part of the plane-cutting working bodies, winged side knives, which are installed at an angle of 15 degrees., Guiding dumps.

Concave hemispherical disks in the upper part are equipped with a safety system and, to facilitate regulation of the depth of tillage, are made as a single unit with double ribbed rollers having a hinged joint and an additional copying device with the ability to copy the soil profile. The mechanism for regulating the depth of the plane-cutting working bodies consists of a support wheel connected by a support of the support wheel with an all-metal frame.

Thus, the technical result is achieved due to the all-metal frame containing flat-cutting working bodies arranged in a checkerboard pattern, due to the large height of the frame and significant intervals between rows of flat-cutting working bodies, failure-free operation is ensured, even with a significant amount of crop residues, external flat-cutting working bodies, located in the second row, thus providing lateral stability of the universal cultivator and no additional support wheels are required. A two-beam parallelogram frame in conjunction with parallel-mounted concave hemispherical disks, which are mounted at vertical and angular directions of the universal cultivator and dual sequentially located ridged rollers, is made as a single unit, which makes it easy to adjust the depth of cultivation, provides the necessary depth of cultivator and not Separate adjustment of concave hemispherical discs is required. Thanks to continuous processing with vigorous stirring, the rapid germination of carrion and weed seeds after processing stubble crops is provided. An additional copying device and the pendulum suspension of the double ribbed rollers ensures an exact load distribution and, thus, re-compaction of the subsurface soil layer is ensured and when hitting an obstacle, the extreme supports of the dual ribbed rollers are deflected while maintaining the specified soil cultivation depth.

A brief description of the drawings.

In figure 1. The scheme of a universal cultivator for stubble cultivation and presowing tillage, a side view.

Figure 2., The same, is a diagram of a planar cutting working body, side view.

In Fig.3., The same, given a connection diagram of double concave hemispherical disks, side view.

In figure 4., the same, given the connection diagram of the twin ribbed rollers, side view.

In Fig.5., The same, is a diagram of a section of double ribbed rollers with an angle of attack during tillage, top view.

In Fig. 6., the same, is a diagram of an additional copying device of the extreme supports of the twin ribbed rollers, top view.

Implementation of a utility model.

Universal cultivator consists of an all-metal frame 1 (Fig.1.), Made of a rectangular cross-sectional profile, and which is the main supporting part, to which plane-cutting working bodies 3, staggered, are attached using brackets 2. To ensure lateral stability of the universal cultivator, the external plane-cutting working bodies are located in the second row. The plane-cutting working bodies 3 in the lower part consist of a ploughshare 4 (Fig. 2), winged side knives 5 installed at an angle of 15 degrees to cut the soil over the entire surface and ensure optimal soil mixing.

Guiding dumps 6 are attached to the flat cutting working bodies 3, which allows avoiding clogging with crop residues of the flat cutting working bodies 3 and additional soil mixing. Safety brackets 7 are provided on the brackets 2 and the flat-cutting working bodies 3, which, with the help of various openings on the brackets 2 and the flat-cutting working bodies 3, allow you to adjust the angle of inclination of the legs for different types of soils, which ensures good entry of the flat-cutting working bodies 3 of the universal cultivator even in dry hard soils, with soil moisture less than 10%.

To ensure the stability of the universal cultivator, the external plane-cutting working bodies 3 are located in the second row. The mechanism 8 for controlling the depth of depth of the plane-cutting working bodies 3 consists of a support wheel 9 connected by a support 10 of the support wheel 9 using an arm 11 with an all-metal frame 1. At the same time, a two-frame parallelogram frame 12, made in a single unit, is fixed to the all-metal frame 1, which makes it easy to adjust depth of processing and to provide accurate deepening of a universal cultivator.

Concave hemispherical disks 13 are attached to the two-beam parallelogram frame 12 (Fig. 3) using stands 14 and brackets 15, and safety shear bolts 16 are used to protect the concave hemispherical disks 16. For installing concave hemispherical disks 13 on the brackets 15 and stands 14 there are holes 17.

Parallel mounted concave hemispherical disks 13 and dual ribbed rollers 18, 19 are made as a single unit, therefore, the adjustment of the soil depth limit and the movement of concave hemispherical discs 13 and dual ribbed rollers 18, 19 is provided by rearranging the fingers on the adjustment plate 20.

For intensive crumbling of the soil and additional reconsolidation of the subsurface soil layer, multifunctional dual rollers 18, 19 with a sequential arrangement and combined in sections are used. The ribs mounted on the stiffness disks of the first ribbed roller 18 are located at an angle "γ" of 12 degrees. to the axis of rotation (figure 5). On the second ribbed roller 19, in order to improve soil crumbling and an additional reverse compactor of the subsurface soil layer, the number of ribs located parallel to the axis of rotation of the rollers was increased. Double rollers 18, 19 using bearing bearings 21 (Fig. 4), support legs 22 of dual rollers 18, 19 with a radial groove hole 23 and mounting plates 24 of dual rollers 18, 19 are connected to a two-beam parallelogram frame 12.

The mounting support 22 of the dual rollers 18, 19 with a radial groove hole 23 when hitting the stones of the rollers 18, 19 provides a deflection of the rollers 18, 19. An additional copying device 25 is used to deflect the extreme supports of the dual rollers 18, 19 when hitting an obstacle (Fig. 6 ), with a central support 26 on the frame of the universal cultivator, which allows, together with the mounting support 22 of the dual rollers and the radial groove hole 23, to produce dual ribbed rollers 18, 19 when hitting obstacles, the extreme supports of the dual rollers are deflected 18, 19 and ensuring the preservation of a given processing depth.

To connect a universal cultivator with a tractor, a three-point hinged joint 27 is used, which ensures copying of the soil with a universal cultivator with a "floating" position of hydraulics.

Universal cultivator for stubble cultivation and pre-sowing tillage works as follows.

Before starting work, the tractor is aggregated with a universal cultivator using a three-point articulated joint 27 and the universal cultivator is transferred from the transport cultivator to the working position when the hydraulic position is “floating” using the tractor hydraulic cylinder (not indicated in Fig.). Surface treatment of stubble and pre-sowing treatment of any type of soil and at any soil moisture is carried out using plane-cutting tools 3, rigidly connected to the frame 1 using brackets 2, tuned to this type of soil using shear bolts 7 tuned to the holes, allowing you to adjust the angle the inclination of the share 4 and wing side knives 5 to cut the soil and ensure optimal mixing of the soil. Guide dumps 6 allow avoiding clogging of flat-cutting working bodies 3 with crop residues and additionally mix the soil. Plane cutting working bodies 3 are protected against overloads by a safety system consisting of a shear mechanism 7 mounted on an arm 2 and a plane cutting tool 3. The depth of stubble cultivation is adjusted by the support wheel 9 and the soil tillage depth adjustment mechanism 8, which is made in the form of an arm 11, mounted on the sides, of an all-metal frame 1. Concave hemispherical disks 13 sequentially installed behind the plane-cutting working bodies 3, located at angles “α”, pa a total of 20 degrees. and “β”, equal to 60 deg., along the course and height of the soil cultivation, are installed along the width of the soil cultivation behind the winged side knives for leveling, mixing and grinding the soil and vegetation cover. Concave hemispherical disks fixed to a two-beam parallelogram frame 12 with stands 14 and brackets 15 are protected from overloads by a protective safety system consisting of safety shear bolts 16.

Double ribbed rollers 18, 19 are intended for intensive crumbling of soil blocks and additional compaction of the subsurface soil layer. Moreover, on the first roller 18, the ribs are mounted on the stiffness disks of the rollers and are located at an angle of 12 degrees. to the axis of rotation of the roller. On the second skating rink 19, to improve the crumbling of the soil, the incorporation of crop residues and the additional reconsolidation of the subsurface soil layer, the number of ribs mounted on the stiffness disks and parallel to the axis of rotation of the rollers was increased. Double ribbed rollers 18, 19 using bearing bearings 21, mounting supports 22 with a radial groove hole 23 and an additional copying device 25 with a central support 26 on the frame of a universal cultivator are protected when hitting an obstacle without deepening the entire universal cultivator.

Thus, the implementation of a universal tillage cultivator in the form of an all-metal frame 1, the use of a protective safety system against overloads of flat-cutting working bodies 3, including using holes 7 for various types of soils and at any moisture content of the surface soil layer, the use of a single block of concave hemispherical disks 13 for leveling, grinding of soil blocks and embedding crop residues, with a protective protective system with sequentially located double ribs with rollers 18, 19 with a mounting support 22 of dual rollers 18, 19 with a radial groove hole 23 and an additional copying device 25 with a central support 26 on the frame of a universal cultivator provide high-quality subsurface cutting of the soil layer over the entire surface, mixing, grinding, leveling of the surface soil layer with the simultaneous incorporation of crop residues and the leveling of the surface soil layer to preserve soil moisture reserves with reverse compaction of the subsurface soil layer.

The proposed utility model in comparison with prototypes and other well-known technical solutions has the following advantages:

- plane-cutting working bodies of the cultivator under overloads are protected by a convenient safety system, with the ability to change the angle of inclination of the winged side knives depending on the type and moisture of the soil and provide cutting, loosening and intensive mixing of crop residues in the soil at high stubble and weed vegetation and even with shallow vegetation pre-sowing tillage for sowing winter crops;

- concave hemispherical disks are protected during overloads by the safety system;

- the use of a single block of concave hemispherical disks together with dual ribbed rollers, does not require separate adjustment of the disks when setting the depth of tillage and optimal copying of the soil surface is ensured;

- an additional copying device with a central support on the frame together with a radial groove hole on the mounting support of the double rollers allows successively arranged ribbed rollers to copy the surface relief of the soil with protection when hitting an obstacle without deepening the universal cultivator while maintaining a given depth even with shallow tillage for winter crops cultures.

Claims (1)

A universal cultivator for stubble cultivation and pre-sowing cultivation of the soil, containing an all-metal frame with support wheels, plane-cutting working bodies arranged in a checkerboard pattern and made in the form of racks, in the upper part of which a safety system against overloads is installed, and equipped with holes with the ability to change the angle of attack, at the same time, a ploughshare, winged side knives at an angle of 15 °, guide dumps, and concave hemispherical disks of the upper part are installed in the lower part of the plane-cutting organs equipped with a safety system and fixed to a two-beam parallelogram frame made as a single unit with dual ribbed rollers to facilitate regulation of the depth and accuracy of deepening of plane-cutting working bodies, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional copying device with a central support on the frame of the universal cultivator, which together with the mounting support twin rollers with a radial groove hole deviates the extreme supports of the dual rollers when hitting an obstacle without h deepening the universal cultivator with a given depth of tillage.