RU96451U1 - UNIVERSAL SOIL PROCESSING UNIT - Google Patents

Abstract

 A universal tillage aggregate containing a frame with support wheels, control mechanisms, discs, plane-cutting working bodies and rollers, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a two-frame frame, spring bars, while the frame is made of all-metal, concave disks are made inclined, with an offset relative to plane-cutting working bodies , the rollers are made double, sequentially located, with a hinge and with uniformly distributed strings, and plane-cutting working bodies are located They are staggered and made in the form of racks, in the upper part of which a safety system against overloads is installed, and are equipped with holes with the possibility of changing the angle of attack, while the ploughshare, wing side knives, which are installed at a special angle, are installed in the lower part of the plane-cutting working bodies -15 °, guide dumps, with inclined concave disks in the upper part equipped with a safety system to facilitate regulation of the working depth and are made as a single unit with dual rollers, connecting the swivel joint, and connected to the inclined concave disks to a two-frame frame with the possibility of copying the topography of the soil, and the uniformly distributed strings are located behind the dual rollers, while the mechanism for regulating the depth of the plane-cutting working bodies consists of a support wheel connected by a support wheel strut with an all-metal frame .

Description

The technical field to which the utility model relates.

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular, to universal tillage units that perform several technological operations in one pass.

State of the art

Known combined tillage machine containing a horizontal rotary working body mounted on a frame in the form of disk cutters and loosely and staggered loosening working bodies in the form of plane cutters and chisel paws with plungers, while it is equipped with additional rotary working located on the frame behind the horizontal rotary working body organs with vertical axes of rotation, the distance between which in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the machine is equal to the width of their capture, and the chisel la the pits are equipped with pairs of freely rotating rollers mounted in their racks, while the distances from the lower edges of the plane cutters to the axis of rotation of the horizontal rotary working body are greater than the radius of its disk cutters, the lower edges of the teeth of rotor organs with vertical axes of rotation are located above the cutting plane of the disk cutters, and at least one of the pairs of rollers of each of the chisel paws is located below the lower edges of the tongue cutters (see US Pat. RU No. 20155630, class АВВ 49/02, publ. July 15, 1994).

The disadvantage of this machine is the low quality of soil treatment.

A device for processing soil is known, mainly a disk harrow, the design of which allows it to be folded for transportation, containing a frame with a middle and side parts. The lateral parts can be folded relative to the middle part around horizontal axes oriented in the direction of movement from the working horizontal position to the vertical transport. The middle part of the frame can be lowered to a position in which the lifting hydraulic cylinders are completely unloaded. After this operation, the remaining clearance (a) is sufficient for transportation. The advantage of the complete unloading of the lifting hydraulic cylinders is that the machine remains in the transport position even if it is disconnected from the tractor’s hydraulic system (see French No. 2590107, class A01B 21/08, 73/04, 63 / 22, publ. 05.22.1987).

The disadvantage of this device is the low reliability and quality of tillage.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive effect and accepted by the authors for the prototype is a combined tillage unit, including a frame with support wheels, adjustment mechanisms and sequentially located disk batteries, plane-cutting working bodies and a roller, while a drum is installed on the frame behind the flat-cutting working bodies, the blades of which are located radially and equipped with sharpeners, and the roller is connected to the frame articulated using spring-loaded racks and made tooth, with this his discs are equipped with rods with knife-shaped teeth, the latter of which are installed at right angles to each other (see US Pat. RU No. 2123776, class A01B 49/02, publ. 12/27/1998).

The disadvantage of this unit is that it does not provide the necessary soil preparation for sowing winter crops.

Utility Model Disclosure

The objective of the proposed utility model is the development of a universal tillage unit, performing in one Disclosure of a utility model

The objective of the proposed utility model is the development of a universal tillage unit that performs the following technological operations in one pass:

- subsurface cutting, loosening and intensive mixing of the soil over the entire working width, even with shallow treatment of stubble by plane-cutting working bodies,

- grinding, mixing, leveling the soil and crop residues,

- crushing of soil blocks to small fractions, compaction of the subsurface soil with rollers - levelers,

- leveling and simultaneous mulching of the surface soil layer, to preserve soil moisture reserves, prevent wind and water erosion.

The technical result that can be achieved using the proposed utility model is reduced to high reliability, maintaining a given depth of tillage, ensuring optimal copying of the soil and creating the optimal surface mulched soil layer.

The technical result is achieved using a universal tillage unit containing a frame with support wheels, control mechanisms, concave disks, flat-cutting working bodies, dual rollers, spring bars and is additionally equipped with a two-frame frame. The frame is made all-metal. Concave disks are made inclined, with an offset relative to plane-cutting working bodies. The rollers are made double sequentially arranged, with a swivel joint and evenly distributed strings. The plane-cutting working bodies are staggered and made in the form of racks, in the upper part of which a safety system against overloads is installed, and are equipped with holes with the possibility of changing the angle of attack, while the ploughshare, wing side knives, which are installed under angle of 10-15 degrees., guide dumps. The inclined concave disks in the upper part are equipped with a safety system to facilitate the adjustment of the working depth and are made as a single unit with double rollers having a hinge connection and connected to the inclined concave disks to a two-frame frame with the possibility of copying the soil profile. Evenly distributed strings are located behind the dual rollers. The mechanism for regulating the depth of the plane-cutting working bodies consists of a support wheel connected by a support of the support wheel with an all-metal frame.

Thus, the technical result is achieved due to the all-metal frame containing flat-cutting working bodies arranged in a checkerboard pattern, due to the large height of the frame and significant intervals between the rows of flat-cutting working bodies, failure-free operation is ensured, even with a significant amount of crop residues. External ploskorezhny working bodies are located in the second row, thus providing lateral stability of the universal tillage unit, without requiring additional support wheels. The two-frame frame in conjunction with parallel mounted discs, which are mounted at special angles vertically and during the operation of the universal tillage unit and double sequentially arranged rollers, is designed as a single unit, which makes it easy to adjust the processing depth, providing the necessary depth of the unit, without the need separate disc adjustment. Due to the intensively located behind the rollers, the spring strings provide additional mulching of the soil surface and even distribution of crop residues in the surface soil layer.

A brief description of the drawings.

In figure 1. given a diagram of a universal tillage unit, side view.

Figure 2., The same, given a diagram of the working body, side view.

In Fig.3., The same, given a connection diagram of concave disks, side view.

In figure 4., the same, given a diagram of the articulation of double rollers, side view.

In Fig. 5., the same, is a diagram of a section of dual rollers with special angles of attack during tillage, top view.

Implementation of a utility model.

A universal tillage unit consists of an all-metal frame 1 (Fig. 1), which is the main bearing part, to which, using brackets 2, plane-cutting working bodies 3 are made, made in the form of plane-cutting paws (not shown in FIG.) And staggered, to optimize the cultivation of the soil and maintain the necessary ratio in the soil of aerobic and anaerobic particles necessary for better plant growth, the plane-cutting working bodies 3 in the lower part consist of a share 4 (figure 2), wing side knives 5 installed at a special angle of 10-15 degrees for cutting the soil over the entire surface and ensuring optimal mixing of the soil.

Guiding dumps 6 are attached to the flat cutting working bodies 3, which allows avoiding clogging with crop residues of the flat cutting working bodies 3 and additional soil mixing. Safety brackets 7 are provided on the brackets 2 and the flat-cutting working bodies 3, which, with the help of various holes on the brackets 2 and the flat-cutting working bodies 3, allow you to adjust the tilt angle of the paws for different types of soils, which ensures good entry of the flat-cutting working bodies 3 of the tillage unit even in dry hard soils (with humidity less than 15%).

To ensure the stability of the course of the universal tillage unit, external ploskorezhayuschie working bodies 3 are located in the second row. The all-metal frame 1 is connected to the support wheels 8, equipped with mechanisms 9 for controlling the depth of tillage, which are made in the form of brackets (not shown in FIG.) Located on the sides of the all-metal frame 1, and a mechanism (not indicated in FIG.) For adjusting the value the deepening of the plane-cutting working bodies 3 consists of a support wheel 8 connected by a strut (not indicated in Fig.) of the support wheel 8 with an all-metal frame 1, while a two-frame frame 10 is fixed to the all-metal frame 1 complete with a single unit, which allows you to easily adjust the depth of processing and ensure the accuracy of the depth of tillage unit.

Concave disks 11 are fixed to the two-frame frame 10 (Fig. 3), located at special angles "α", equal to 10-15 degrees. and "β" equal to 40-45 degrees. along the course and height of soil cultivation. Concave disks 11 are fixed to the two-frame frame 10 by means of stands 12 and brackets 13, safety shear bolts 14 are used to protect the concave disks 11 from overloads and damage 14. For intensive soil crumbling and additional reconsolidation of the subsurface soil layer, double rollers 15, 16 are used with sequential location, multifunctional dual rollers 15, 16 are combined into sections located to the right and left of the center line at angles of attack, respectively, "γ" and "-γ" (figure 4), equal to 10-12 degrees. The webs 15, 16 are connected to the double-frame frame 10 by means of bearing bearings 17 and a special hinge 18 of the dual roller 15, 16. The articulated connection of the dual rollers 15, 16 when hitting the stones of the rollers 15, 16 provides the deflection of the rollers 15, 16 without deepening the tillage unit . This ensures the specified depth of tillage.

Parallel mounted concave disks 11 and dual rollers 15, 16 are made as a single unit, therefore, the adjustment of the depth and displacement of the block of concave disks 11 and dual rollers 15, 16 is provided by rearranging the fingers 19 on the hinge.

Sequentially located behind the twin rollers 15, 16 of the spring 20, which are an integral part of the unit provide accurate and even distribution of straw and organic matter. Additionally, the strings 20 are leveled and mulched at the same time the surface soil layer to preserve soil moisture reserves and prevent wind and water erosion.

To connect the tillage unit with the tractor, a three-point hinged joint 21 is used, which ensures copying of the soil by the tillage unit with a "floating" position of the hydraulics.

Universal tillage unit operates as follows.

Before starting work, the tractor is aggregated with a universal tillage unit using a three-point swivel 21 and the unit is transferred from the transport to the working position with the "floating" position of the hydraulics using the tractor hydraulic cylinder (not indicated in Fig.). In this case, the surface treatment of stubble of any type of soil is carried out using working bodies 3, rigidly connected to the frame 1 using brackets 2, tuned to this type of soil with shear bolts 7 tuned to special holes that allow you to adjust the angle of inclination of the share 4 and wing side knives 5 for cutting the soil layer and ensuring optimal mixing of the soil. Guide dumps 6 allow avoiding clogging of flat-cutting working bodies 3 with crop residues and additionally mix the soil. Plane cutting tools 3 are protected against overloads by a safety system consisting of a shear mechanism 7 mounted on an arm 2 and a plane cutting tool 3. The depth of the stubble is adjusted by the support wheel 8 and the mechanism 9 for controlling the depth of cultivation, which is made in the form of a bracket mounted on the side parts of the all-metal frame 1. Concave disks 11 sequentially installed behind the plane-cutting working bodies 3, located at special angles “α”, equal to 10-15 degrees. and “β”, equal to 40-45 degrees, along the course and height of the soil cultivation, are installed along the width of the processing behind the winged side knives for leveling, mixing and grinding the soil. Concave disks 11 fixed to a two-frame frame 10 with stands 12 and brackets 13 are protected from overloads by a protective safety system consisting of safety shear bolts 14. For intensive crumbling of soil blocks and additional reverse compaction of the subsurface soil layer, double rollers 15 are arranged sequentially behind concave disks 11, 16 with different directions of the angles of attack "γ" and "-γ" equal to 10-12 degrees. Double rollers 15, 16 with the help of bearings 17 and a special joint 18 are protected by running over stones without vyglubleniya all soil tillage implement.

special swivel joint 20 is protected when hitting stones without excavating the entire tillage unit.

Stringel 22, are an integral part of the unit sequentially installed behind the dual rollers 17, 18 provide a uniform distribution of straw and organic matter over the soil surface and at the same time mulch the surface soil layer to preserve soil moisture reserves.

Thus, the implementation of a universal tillage unit in the form of an all-metal frame 1, the use of a protective safety system against overloads of flat-cutting working bodies 3, including using special holes for various types of soils, the use of a single block of concave disks 13 for leveling and grinding blocks of soil with a protective protective system together with sequentially located double rollers 17, 18 on special articulated joints 20 for additional reverse densification of the subsurface soil layer and the use of spring bars 22 installed behind the dual roller blocks provides high-quality subsurface cutting of the soil layer over the entire surface, mixing, crushing and leveling of the surface soil layer with simultaneous mulching to preserve soil moisture reserves.

The proposed utility model in comparison with prototypes and other well-known technical solutions has the following advantages:

- high reliability of a universal tillage unit, which is an all-metal construction;

- the working bodies of the unit during overloads are protected by a convenient safety system;

- the ability to change the angle of inclination of the winged side knives depending on the type of soil;

- double sequentially arranged rollers have a special hinge joint for protection when hitting stones from deepening of the tillage unit and preserving the set depth of tillage;

- the use of a single block of concave disks in conjunction with dual rollers does not require separate adjustment of the disks when setting the depth of tillage and optimal copying of the soil surface is ensured;

- the use of double strings of strings makes it possible to ensure uniform distribution of straw and scabbard residues, the creation of an optimal surface mulched soil layer to preserve soil moisture reserves;

- 100% pruning of stubble and weed vegetation;

- tillage with high stubble and weed vegetation;

- conducting subsurface treatment with simultaneous grinding, leveling and the formation of a mulched surface layer allows you to save in the soil the optimal ratio of aerobic and anaerobic particles for better assimilation of soil nutrients by plants.

Claims (1)

A universal tillage aggregate containing a frame with support wheels, control mechanisms, discs, plane-cutting working bodies and rollers, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a two-frame frame, spring bars, while the frame is made of all-metal, concave disks are made inclined, with an offset relative to plane-cutting working bodies , the rollers are made double, sequentially located, with a hinge and with uniformly distributed strings, and plane-cutting working bodies are located They are staggered and made in the form of racks, in the upper part of which a safety system against overloads is installed, and are equipped with holes with the possibility of changing the angle of attack, while the ploughshare, wing side knives, which are installed at a special angle, are installed in the lower part of the plane-cutting working bodies -15 °, guiding dumps, the inclined concave disks in the upper part provided with a safety system to facilitate regulation of the working depth and are made as a single unit with double rollers, connecting the swivel joint, and connected to the inclined concave disks to a two-frame frame with the possibility of copying the topography of the soil, and the uniformly distributed strings are located behind the dual rollers, while the mechanism for regulating the depth of the plane-cutting working bodies consists of a support wheel connected by a support wheel strut with an all-metal frame .