RU47161U1 - SOIL PROCESSING DEVICE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to combined tillage devices that perform several technological operations in one pass. The technical result that can be achieved using the proposed utility model is reduced to a multifunctional purpose, combining several technological operations in one pass, namely:

- cutting of the reservoir and crop residues with disk batteries;

- subsurface undercutting by flat cutting working bodies;

- crushing of soil blocks to small fractions;

- compaction of the subsurface soil with rollers, levelers with simultaneous mulching of the soil, which maximally preserves the soil moisture reserves and improves the quality of anti-erosion tillage. - The tillage device consists of a middle frame 1, which is the main bearing part, to which the side frames 2, 3 with sections of the working bodies (not numbered in Fig.) And the running carriage 4 with support wheels are pivotally attached, while the support wheels are located inside the device, with the possibility of adjusting the depth of soil cultivation, and the frames 1, 2, 3 are equipped with a frame lifting mechanism, which is made in the form of a system of brackets (not numbered in Fig.) located on the middle frame 1 and side frames 2, 3, interconnected hydraulic cylinder E 5, in front of the device through the spring and the beam with racks (Fig. not numbered) are attached to the six battery 6

scrapers (not shown in FIG.), plane-cutting working bodies 7 in the form of plane-cutting paws are installed behind the disk batteries 6, behind which there are three chopper rollers 8 with needle knives (not shown in FIG.), and three spring-loaded leveling rollers 9 sec helical work elements. The device is raised to the transport position by the hydraulic cylinders 5 and is fixed by the stops 10. In the working position, the device is supported by the carriage 4 through the washers 11, and for the long-term storage of the device three racks 12 are installed.

Description

The technical field to which the utility model relates.

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to combined tillage devices that perform several technological operations in one pass.

State of the art

Known combined tillage machine containing a horizontal rotary working body mounted on a frame in the form of disk cutters and loosely and staggered loosening working bodies in the form of plane cutters and chisel paws with plungers, while it is equipped with additional rotary working located on the frame behind the horizontal rotary working body organs with vertical axes of rotation, the distance between which in the direction perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the machine is equal to the width of their capture, and the chisel la the pits are equipped with pairs of freely rotating rollers mounted in their racks, while the distances from the lower edges of the plane cutters to the axis of rotation of the horizontal rotary working body are greater than the radius of its disk cutters, the lower edges of the teeth of rotor organs with vertical axes of rotation are located above the cutting plane of the disk cutters, and at least one of the pairs of clips of each chisel

the paws are located below the lower edges of the tongues of plane cutters (see US Pat. RF No. 20155630, class A 01 B 49/02, publ. 15.07.1994).

The disadvantage of this machine is the low quality of soil treatment.

A device for processing soil is known, mainly a disk harrow, the design of which allows it to be folded for transportation, containing a frame with a middle and side parts. The lateral parts can be folded relative to the middle part around horizontal axes oriented in the direction of movement from the working horizontal position to the vertical transport. The middle part of the frame can be lowered to a position in which the lifting hydraulic cylinders are completely unloaded. After this operation, the remaining clearance (a) is sufficient for transportation. The advantage of the complete unloading of the lifting hydraulic cylinders is that the machine remains in the transport position even if it is disconnected from the tractor’s hydraulic system (see French No. 2590107, class A 01 B 21/08, 73/04, 63/22, publ. 05.22.1987).

The disadvantage of this device is the low reliability and quality of tillage.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive effect and accepted by the authors for the prototype is a combined tillage unit, including a frame with support wheels, adjustment mechanisms and sequentially located disk batteries, plane-cutting working bodies and a roller, while a drum is installed on the frame behind the flat-cutting working bodies, the blades of which are located radially and equipped with sharpeners, and the roller is connected to the frame articulated using spring-loaded racks and made tooth, with this, his disks are equipped with rods with knife-shaped teeth, the latter of which are installed at right angles to each other (see US Pat. RF No. 2123776, class A 01 B 49/02, publ. 12/27/1998).

The disadvantage of this unit is that it does not provide the necessary soil preparation for sowing winter crops.

Utility Model Disclosure

The technical result that can be achieved using the proposed utility model is reduced to a multifunctional purpose, combining several technological operations in one pass, namely:

- cutting of the reservoir and crop residues with disk batteries;

- subsurface undercutting by flat cutting working bodies;

- crushing of soil blocks to small fractions;

- compaction of the subsurface soil with rollers, levelers with simultaneous mulching of the soil, which maximally preserves the soil moisture reserves and improves the quality of anti-erosion tillage. The technical result is achieved using a tillage device containing a frame with support wheels, disk batteries with scrapers, flat-cutting working bodies made in the form of flat-cutting paws and a roller articulated to the frame, the device being provided with side frames, a running carriage, pivotally fixed to the middle the frame and the lifting mechanism of the frames, and the middle and side frames have sections of the working bodies, a supporting washer mounted on the middle frame above the carriage, rollers, choppers and rollers avnivatelyami focusing, wherein the support wheels are mounted in the device with adjustable tillage depth, disc batteries with scrapers mounted in front of the device, for which there are ploskorezhuschie working bodies, rollers, shredders provided with needle knives and

leveling rollers equipped with working elements located along a helical line.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Figure 1 is a diagram of a combined tillage unit, side view.

Figure 2, the same top view.

Utility Model Implementation

The tillage device consists of a middle frame 1, which is the main bearing part, to which the side frames 2,3 with sections of the working bodies (not numbered in Fig.) And the running carriage 4 with support wheels are pivotally attached, while the support wheels are located inside the device, with the ability to control the depth of soil cultivation, and the frames 1, 2, 3 are equipped with a frame lifting mechanism, which is made in the form of a system of brackets (not numbered in Fig.) located on the middle frame 1 and side frames 2, 3, interconnected by hydraulic cylinders and 5, in the front of the device through the springs and beams with uprights (not numbered in Fig.) six batteries 6 with scrapers (not shown in Fig.) are attached, behind the disk batteries 6 are mounted plane-cutting working bodies 7 in the form of plane-cutting paws, behind which installed three roller-grinder 8 with needle knives (not shown in Fig.), and three spring-loaded roller-equalizer 9 with working elements located along a helical line. The device is raised to the transport position by the hydraulic cylinders 5 and is fixed by the stops 10. In the working position, the device is supported by the carriage 4 through the washers 11, and for the long-term storage of the device three racks 12 are installed.

Tillage device operates as follows.

The device is brought into working position, with the middle frame 1, side frames 2, 3 and the running carriage 4 being the main load-bearing unit, which perform the functions of raising and lowering the entire device to the transport and working position using brackets and hydraulic cylinders 5 and are fixed by stops 10. In the working position, the device rests on the running carriage 4 through the supporting washers 11, which are installed depending on the state of loose soil. When the device moves, the support wheels, due to their location inside the device, control the depth of soil cultivation, disk batteries 6 peel the surface of the uncultivated field, plane-cutting working bodies 7, in the form of plane-cutting paws, cut the root system of weeds and the soil layer at a set depth, at the same time, when the soil layer moves along the working surfaces of plane-cutting paws and its gradual rise up - the soil crumbles, after laying the furrow on the bottom, the layer is additionally exposed to the needles x knives of grinding rollers 8, while needle knives penetrate deep into the soil layers and intensively crush the blocks to optimal fractions, then three spring-loaded roller-leveling machines 9 with working elements located along a helical line perform special work: they perform subsurface rolling - a property that does not possess not a single tillage device known from patent technical information, then additional crumbling of soil lumps is performed and the field surface is covered with well-separated fine grain ukturnoy soil.

As a result, in one pass of the device, 100% cutting of weed roots, loosening of the upper soil layer and mulching is ensured, which preserves the soil moisture reserves as much as possible. For long-term storage of the device, three racks 12 are installed, which allow fixing the device in the raised position.

The proposed utility model in comparison with the prototype and other well-known technical solutions has the following advantages:

- prevention or significant reduction of wind and water erosion;

- mitigating the effects of drought by increasing soil moisture;

- saving fuel by reducing the number of passes;

- increase in labor productivity;

- reduction of energy costs up to 30%.

The analysis of devices manufactured by domestic and foreign industry showed the need to create a multifunctional tillage device that performs the following functions in one pass:

- cutting of the reservoir and crop residues with disk batteries;

- subsurface undercutting by flat cutting working bodies;

- crushing of soil blocks to small fractions;

- compaction of the subsurface soil with rollers, levelers with simultaneous mulching of the soil, which maximally preserves the soil moisture reserves and improves the quality of anti-erosion tillage.

Claims (1)

A tillage device comprising a frame with supporting wheels, disk batteries with scrapers, flat-cutting working bodies made in the form of flat-cutting paws and a roller, pivotally connected to the frame, characterized in that it is provided with side frames, a running carriage pivotally mounted to the frame with supporting wheels and a frame lifting mechanism, the middle and side frames having sections of the working bodies, a supporting washer mounted on a frame with supporting wheels above the running carriage, grinding rollers and leveling rollers, pack orom, while the support wheels are installed inside the device with the possibility of regulating the depth of soil cultivation, and disk batteries with scrapers are installed in the front of the device, behind which there are plane-cutting working bodies, chopper rollers equipped with needle knives and leveling rollers equipped with working elements, located on a helix.