RU218111U1 - Combined stubble and seedbed cultivator - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to combined tools that perform several technological operations in one pass.

The technical result can be achieved using the proposed utility model, which comes down to providing a given depth with working bodies with cutting and loosening the soil layer, crumbling soil clods to optimal values and improving rolling to create an optimal microrelief of the site.

The technical result is achieved using a combined cultivator for stubble and pre-sowing cultivation, containing an all-metal frame, flat-cutting working bodies having a staggered arrangement, and for lateral stability of the utility model, external flat-cutting working bodies are in the second row, a safety system is provided on the mounting brackets of the flat-cutting working bodies from overloads, and the concave hemispherical disks, together with the dual spiral-plate rollers, are fixed to the two-beam parallelogram frame, made as a single unit to facilitate the regulation of the depth and accuracy of the penetration of the concave hemispherical disks and the dual spiral-plate rollers, characterized in that the plates for adjusting the travel depth of the hemispherical disks and The rollers have additional holes for more precise positioning depending on the type and properties of the soil, and the double spiral-plate rollers are equipped with wavy ribs installed at an angle γ equal to 20° to the axis of rotation of the roller, and the first spiral-plate roller has ribs of a wave-like type, and the second spiral-lamellar roller has wave-like ribs.

Description

Field of technology to which the utility model belongs

The proposed utility model relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to combined tools that perform several technological operations in one pass.

State of the art

A well-known cultivator of continuous processing (patent RU No. 199270, publ. 24.08.2020, bull. 24), includes at least one section containing a frame with rows of racks fixed on it with working tools that cultivate the soil - chisels and dumps, and a row of discs and a roller connected to the frame with the help of leashes. A row of discs is made of discs that level the soil, which are mounted on a transverse bar in the central part of the row by means of racks and connecting beams in pairs and at an angle to each other opposite the soil ridges created by the blades of the rows of working tools in front. In a row of leveling paired discs, at least one outer disc is fixed on a separate stand at an angle to the direction of tillage, equal to 10-45 degrees. EFFECT: simplification of the design of the unit and provision of high-quality leveling of the soil surface.

The disadvantage is that the use of a single slatted roller instead of double helical slatted rollers impairs the crumbling of soil clods and the leveling of the soil microrelief.

A cultivator is known (patent RU No. 172356, publ. 05.07.2017, bull. 19), which contains a towing device 1 pivotally connected to the frame of the cultivator 2, support wheels 3 and 4 fixed to the frame of the cultivator 2, flat-cutting working bodies 5, rear mounted equipment 6, mechanisms for adjusting the uniformity and depth of processing by flat-cutting working bodies, a hydraulic system with front 7, middle 8 and rear 9 hydraulic cylinders. The mechanism for adjusting the uniformity of the depth of processing is made in the form of a front hydraulic cylinder 7, pivotally connected to the brackets 10 and 11, mounted on the trailer 1 and the frame of the cultivator 2. the crossbar of which is connected to the suspension arm of the support wheel 13 by means of a pivotally fixed middle hydraulic cylinder 8. The rear attachment is equipped with a mechanism for adjusting the working depth, made in the form of a hydraulic cylinder 9, pivotally connected to the attachment frame 14 and the cultivator frame 2. All hydraulic cylinders of the hydraulic system are equipped with a set of clip-on inserts 15 mounted on their stems. The inventive cultivator makes it possible to simplify the adjustment settings for high-quality tillage and increase the reliability and accuracy of the adjustment of the working bodies.

The disadvantage of this tool is the lack of rollers, which does not allow to qualitatively level the microrelief of the field.

The closest in technical essence and adopted by the authors as a prototype is a universal cultivator for stubble cultivation and pre-sowing tillage (patent RU No. 119977, publ. 10.09.2012, Bull. staggered and made in the form of racks, in the upper part of which a safety system against overloads is installed, and equipped with holes with the possibility of changing the angle of attack, while in the lower part of the flat-cutting bodies there is a plowshare, winged side knives at an angle of 15 °, guiding blades, and concave hemispherical disks of the upper part are equipped with a safety system and are fixed to a two-beam parallelogram frame, made as a single unit with twin ribbed rollers to facilitate the regulation of the depth and accuracy of deepening of the flat-cutting working bodies, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional copying device with a central support on the frame of the universal cultivator, which together with the mounting support of the double rollers with a radial groove hole, it deflects the extreme supports of the double rollers when hitting an obstacle without deepening the universal cultivator, ensuring the specified depth of tillage.

The disadvantage is that only one of the twin rollers is spiral-slatted, which worsens the degree of crumbling of lumps, reducing the quality of tillage. Also, the system for adjusting the depth of travel of hemispherical discs and rollers has a limited number of holes for positioning the working bodies, thereby reducing the scope of the qualitative application of this utility model, depending on the soil and climatic conditions.

Utility Model Disclosure

The objective of the proposed utility model is the use of a combined cultivator for different types of cultivation (from the main stubble to pre-sowing) with the implementation of non-moldboard loosening of the earth's surface with cutting weeds, followed by disking and rolling to break up large clods of soil that appear after the passage of flat-cutting working bodies, and leveling the microrelief of the field .

The technical result can be achieved using the proposed utility model, which boils down to providing a given depth by working bodies with cutting and loosening the soil layer, crumbling soil clods to optimal values and improving rolling to create an optimal microrelief of the site.

The technical result is achieved using a combined cultivator for stubble and pre-sowing cultivation, containing an all-metal frame, flat-cutting working bodies having a staggered arrangement, and for lateral stability of the utility model, external flat-cutting working bodies are in the second row, a safety system is provided on the mounting brackets of the flat-cutting working bodies from overloads, and the concave hemispherical disks, together with the dual spiral-plate rollers, are fixed to the two-beam parallelogram frame, made as a single unit to facilitate the regulation of the depth and accuracy of the penetration of the concave hemispherical disks and the dual spiral-plate rollers, characterized in that the plates for adjusting the travel depth of the hemispherical disks and The rollers have additional holes for more precise positioning depending on the type and properties of the soil, and the double spiral-plate rollers are equipped with wavy ribs installed at an angle γ equal to 20 ° to the axis of rotation of the roller, while the first spiral-plate roller has wave-like ribs, and the second spiral-lamellar roller has wave-like ribs.

Brief description of drawings:

Figure 1 - Combined cultivator (side view).

Figure 2 - Front roller.

Implementation of the utility model

The bearing part of the combined cultivator for stubble and pre-sowing tillage is an all-metal frame 1, consisting of a square tube.

To the all-metal frame 1, with the help of brackets 2, flat-cutting working bodies 3 are attached, which are arranged in a checkerboard pattern, and the external flat-cutting working bodies 3 are placed in the second row to ensure lateral stability of the proposed utility model. Flat-cutting working bodies 3 consist of a rack 4, a plowshare 5, winged side knives 6 designed to cut the soil layer and ensure soil mixing. The guide blades 7, attached to the flat-cutting working body 3, are designed to prevent clogging of the flat-cutting working bodies 3 with stubble residues. Safety shear bolts 8 are provided to prevent breakage of the flat-cutting working bodies 3.

The supporting wheels 9 serve as a mechanism for regulating the depth of processing of the flat-cutting working bodies 3. The supporting wheels 9 are attached to the all-metal frame 1 using the stand 10 and the bracket 11.

A two-beam parallelogram frame 12 is attached to the all-metal frame 1, made in a single block, to which the concave hemispherical disks 13 are attached, with the help of stands 14 and brackets 15, and for overload protection and for the safety of the concave hemispherical disks 13, safety shear bolts 8 are used. Parallel to the concave hemispherical disks 13 on a two-beam parallelogram frame 12 are equipped with twin ribbed rollers 16, 17 for better crumbling of the soil and leveling the microrelief of the site, and additional adjustment of the depth of tillage and movement of the concave hemispherical disks 13 and double ribbed rollers 16, 17 is provided by rearranging the fingers on the depth adjustment plate move 18.

Ribs of the wave-like type 19 of the dual spiral-plate rollers 16, 17 are located at an angle γ equal to 20° to the axis of rotation (Fig. 2). On the first spiral-plate roller 16, 9 wave-like ribs 19 are installed, and on the second spiral-plate roller 17, to improve soil crumbling and additional reconsolidation of the subsurface soil layer, the number of wave-type ribs 19 is increased from 9 to 12. Double spiral-plate rollers 16 , 17 with the help of bearing supports 20, the attachment supports 21 and the attachment plates 22 are connected to a two-beam parallelogram frame 12. frame.

The connection of the proposed utility model with a tractor of the 5th traction class occurs using a three-point swivel 25, which provides complete copying of the soil in the "floating" position of the hydraulics.

The device works as follows.

With the help of a three-point swivel 25, the tractor, before work, transfers the combined cultivator from the transport position to the working position with the “floating” position of the hydraulics. Flat-cutting working bodies 3 perform moldboardless loosening and cutting of weed roots with the help of a plowshare 5 and winged side knives 6, providing high-quality cutting of the formation. To control the depth of processing, support wheels 9 are used, which change the height with the help of a rack 10 and a bracket 11. To prevent breakage of the flat-cutting working bodies 3, safety shear bolts 8 are provided, and to prevent clogging of the flat-cutting working bodies 3 with crop residues, guide dumps 7 are used.

Following the flat-cutting working bodies 3, concave hemispherical disks are installed in a single block, having installation angles α equal to 20° and β - 60°, and dual spiral-lamellar rollers using a two-beam parallelogram frame. Concave hemispherical discs for better crumbling of soil clods are located along the width of the furrow formed by flat-cutting working bodies 3. Dual spiral-plate rollers 16, 17, having ribs of a wave-like type 19, installed at an angle γ equal to 20 ° to the axis of rotation (Fig. 2) , additionally performs crumbling, embedding crop residues, as well as rolling the soil to improve the microrelief of the site. To prevent the deviation of the edges of the spiral-plate rollers 16, 17 and maintain a given depth of processing, an auxiliary copying device 23 is used, with a central support 24 on an all-metal frame.

Compared with the prototype, the proposed utility model has the following advantage:

- double spiral-slatted rollers, the ribs of which have a wave-like appearance and are installed at an angle γ (Fig. 2) equal to 20 ° to the axis of rotation of the spiral-slatted roller, help to increase the degree of crumbling of soil clods formed after the passage of flat-cutting working bodies and the remaining after disking, improves rolling and uniformity of the proposed utility model;

- plates for adjusting the depth of travel of hemispherical discs and rollers have additional holes for more accurate positioning depending on soil and climatic conditions.

Claims (1)

A combined cultivator for stubble and pre-sowing cultivation, containing an all-metal frame, flat-cutting working bodies having a staggered arrangement, and for lateral stability of the utility model, external flat-cutting working bodies are in the second row, a safety system against overloads is provided on the mounting brackets of the flat-cutting working bodies, and concave hemispherical the disks together with the dual spiral vane rollers are fixed to a two-beam parallelogram frame made as a single unit to facilitate the regulation of the depth and accuracy of penetration of the concave hemispherical disks and the dual spiral lamella rollers, characterized in that the travel depth adjustment plates of the hemispherical disks and rollers have additional holes for more accurate positioning depending on the type and properties of the soil, and the double spiral-plate rollers are equipped with wavy ribs installed at an angle γ equal to 20 ° to the axis of rotation of the rink, and the first spiral-plate roller has wave-like ribs, the second spiral-plate roller roller ribs of a wave-like type.

Images