RU115797U1 - SILICATE VALVE-HEATED UNIT - Google Patents

Abstract

Silicate hollow-insulated block in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with a prismatic cavity filled with insulation and small slotted voids, symmetric with respect to the central plane perpendicular to the outer edge, characterized in that the small voids are made in the form of elliptical cylinders oriented with a major axis exceeding no less than three times the minor axis, parallel to the outer edge of the block, staggered, separated from each other by bridges of variable thickness, the cavity and small voids are blind, while the cavity for the insulation is shifted to the outer edge of the block.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of production of building materials, namely, to the designs of silicate hollow core insulated blocks (SPUB) used in laying the exterior walls of buildings.

Silicate bricks and blocks (stones) with a system of circular cylindrical voids (CCP) with a rectangular or checkerboard system of their position are known [GOST 379-95].

The disadvantage of such forms is that the use of circular cylindrical voids for silicate materials having high thermal conductivity (λ _C ≈0.7 W / (m · ° C)) is advisable only from the standpoint of production (material saving) - from the point of view of the thermophysics of the PCC do not make sense [Ilyinsky V.M. Building Thermophysics. - M .: Higher school, 1974. - S. 42].

A known building block (Patent RU 2020214 according to class E04B 2/14, filed May 6, 1991) with a system of through rectangular small and one large voids.

The disadvantages of this design are that the system of voids allows you to have wide "bridges" of cold along the main material and on a large prismatic void; it is impossible to find the parameters of the hole system and the block dimensions that provide the necessary thermal resistance and low weight of the block for manual laying.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed solution, the achieved thermotechnical effect and selected as a prototype is a building sandwich block (SSB) (Patent RU 90817 according to class E04C 1/00, filed May 13, 2009) with an oval-elongated system through slotted voids located symmetrically relative to the longitudinal axis in a checkerboard pattern relative to the insulation, and round holes located on the transverse axis in line with the oval-elongated voids.

The disadvantage of this form is that, according to the strength conditions, the PRS has sufficiently wide transverse jumpers and very long slotted voids located in two rows, which do not allow the manufacture of a small block and do not meet the requirement of thermal resistance standards.

The technical result of the proposed utility model is a building product with low reduced thermal conductivity, which allows to produce economical designs of enclosing walls, and a low block weight, acceptable for hand laying.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the silicate hollow-insulated block in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with a through hole prismatic cavity filled with insulation, and through hole small slot voids, symmetrical with respect to the central plane perpendicular to the outer face, there are small slot voids made in the form of elliptical cylinders oriented by the major axis parallel to the outer face of the block, which is no less than three times the minor axis, staggered PARTICULAR apart webs of varying thickness, with a cavity for heat insulation is displaced to the exterior face of the block.

The provisions of the prismatic cavity and elliptical cylindrical voids (EDS) in the block provide compatibility of voids along adjacent rows of masonry and shift the center of gravity of the horizontal section of the block to its inner face.

High emptiness and overall dimensions of the blocks provide a weight acceptable for hand masonry.

Figure 1 shows the silicate hollow-insulated block, where: 1 - through hole prismatic cavity for insulation; 2 - EDS of the main size 2 a · 2 b (for a / b >3); 3 - large and 4 - small additional EDS sizes 2 a _c · 2 b and 2 a ₀ · 2 b ; 5 - direction of heat flow; 6 - "cold bridge" based on SPUB.

The elliptical cylindrical voids (Fig. 1) are arranged alternating m rows so that one of the rows (main row) contains n voids of the main length, and the other (additional row) contains one additional vacuum on the axis of symmetry and n-2 voids of the main length between two voids of additional length.

The prismatic cavity under the insulation and elliptical cylindrical voids are made open from below.

The voids 2-4 (FIG. 1) are arranged in rows across the heat flow direction crossing the unit shown by arrows 5. The voids 2-4 are separated from each other along the length of the row by walls of variable thickness. The voids in adjacent rows are offset relative to each other so that the "cold bridge" 6 has the maximum possible length.

The wall thickness between the ellipses in the main rows on the axis of symmetry is selected so that when multi-row laying, all voids of 1 main rows and most of the voids of the additional rows overlap - this allows rationally, with a minimum concentration of stresses, “transfer” loads from the upper rows to the lower ones ranks. Figure 2 presents a section of a multi-row masonry, showing the overlap of voids.

The geometric parameters of the block are connected by the following dependencies (see figure 1, figure 2):

;

where L , B , H - overall dimensions (length, width and height) of the block;

а , а _с , а ₀ - semiaxes of the main and additional ellipses;

δ ₁ , δ ₅ - wall thickness at the inner and outer faces of the block;

Δ ₁ , Δ ₄ , Δ ₂ , Δ ₃ - the minimum wall thickness between ellipses, end faces and a cavity with insulation at the ends of the block, in rows and in the main rows on the axis of symmetry;

δ ₂ - the distance between the rows of ellipses;

δ ₃ - the minimum wall thickness between the rows of ellipses and the cavity with insulation;

δ ₄ - insulation thickness in the plane of SPUB;

δ _in , δ _g - the thickness of the vertical and horizontal seams between SPUB;

m ₁ , m ₂ , m - the number of EDS rows in the internal and external parts of the SPUB and the total number of EDS rows m = m ₁ + m ₂ .

The block can be made at any enterprise specializing in this industry. Such a block can be widely used in the construction of industrial and civil facilities, i.e. is industrially applicable.

The placement of voids in SPUB in the claimed manner allows you to:

- optimally distribute voids throughout the block volume;

- reduce local stresses arising in it from external loads;

- shift the center of gravity of the section to the inner plane of the block and reduce the eccentricity of the load from the floors of the structure;

- to ensure the maximum length of the "cold bridge" 6 (figure 1) with a minimum width, i.e. in the best way to prevent the passage of heat flow from the outer face of the block to its inner face.

In addition, the thermal resistance of the EDS is significant at a ratio l / δ> 3 ( l = 2 a is the length and δ = π · b / 2 is the thickness reduced to the calculated rectangular section) - in this case, voids are considered air gaps (VP) [ Ilyinsky V.M. Building Thermophysics (Building envelope and microclimate of buildings). - M: Higher school, 1974. - S. 42].

Structural, geometric and physical-mechanical characteristics of SPUB are determined by the formulas:

k _p = A _p / (L · B);

;

where k _p , k ^* _p - voidness (macrovoidness) along the cross section and the volume of SPUB;

η - design coefficient: for closed pores -η = 0.95 ± 0.97;

λ _M , λ _y - thermal conductivity of the product matrix (silicate) and insulation;

M _j - the number of VPs on the j-th section of SPUB with length l _j in the direction of the axes of the rows of VP

δ is the VP thickness reduced to the calculated rectangular section: δ = π · b / 2;

K is the number of design areas with the same topological conditions for the passage of heat through SPUB;

λ _pp , λ ^* _pr , R _pr , R ^* _pr - reduced thermal conductivity and thermal resistance, respectively, in the plane of SPUB and its volume.

Some geometric and thermotechnical characteristics of individual variants of silicate hollow core insulated blocks of the format B · L = 380 · 258 mm and three sizes of height H are presented in Table 1. Figure 4 and figure 5 presents two options for blocks of format B · L = 380 · 258 mm with a heater and a chess system of digital signature.

Some geometric and thermotechnical characteristics of individual variants of silicate hollow core insulated blocks of the format B · L = 250 · 388 mm and three sizes of height H are presented in Table 2. In Fig.6 and Fig.7 presents two options for blocks of the format B · L = 250 · 388 mm with a heater and a chess system of digital signature.

The options for the parameters of the prismatic cavity for the insulation and elliptical cylindrical voids given in Table 1 and Table 2 make it possible to choose SPUB depending on its purpose, technological production capabilities and necessary consumer characteristics - in our opinion, the most promising (with consumer point of view) options for silicate hollow core blocks.

Silicate hollow core block Table 1 Geometrical, physico-mechanical and thermotechnical characteristics of a silicate hollow core insulated block 380 × 258 mm with δ ₄ = 100 mm Geometrical characteristics, mm k _p Thermal specifications given Weight SPUB G _b , kg With a height of N, mm n m δ ₂ 2 a 2b R ^* _pr , m ² ° C / W λ ^* _pr , W / (m ° C) 247 228 197 four 8 6 54 eighteen 0.481 3,588 0,101 24.22 22.42 19.47 four 54 twenty 0.509 3,583 0,101 22.98 21.27 18.49 6 56 eighteen 0.491 3,644 0,099 23.81 22.04 19.14 four 56 twenty 0.519 3,638 0,099 22.52 20.85 18.12 four 10 7 54 fourteen 0.475 3,818 0,095 24.53 22.70 19.72 5 54 16 0.509 3,811 0,095 22.98 21.27 18.48 3 54 eighteen 0.544 3,803 0,095 21.44 19.84 17.25 7 56 fourteen 0.484 3,880 0,093 24.13 22.33 19.40 5 56 16 0.519 3,872 0,093 22.52 20.85 18.12 3 56 eighteen 0.555 3,865 0,093 20.92 19.37 16.84 6 10 7 34 fourteen 0.461 3,758 0,096 25.13 23.26 20.19 5 34 16 0.494 3,751 0,096 23.67 21.91 19.03 7 36 fourteen 0.475 3,845 0,094 24.53 22.70 19.72 5 36 16 0.509 3,837 0,094 22.98 21.27 18.48

Silicate hollow core block table 2 Geometrical, physico-mechanical and thermotechnical characteristics of a silicate hollow core insulated block 250 × 388 mm with δ ₄ = 50 mm Geometrical characteristics, mm k _p Thermal specifications given Weight SPUB G _b , kg With a height of N, mm n m δ ₂ 2 a 2b R ^* _pr , m ² ° C / W λ ^* _pr , W / (m ° C) 247 228 197 6 56 fourteen 0.413 2,146 0,111 26.90 24.88 21.58 6 56 16 0.445 2,142 0,111 25.46 23.55 20.43 6 four 56 eighteen 0.478 2,137 0,111 24.02 22.22 19.28 four 56 twenty 0.511 2,133 0,111 22.57 20.88 18.13 6 6 56 12 0.413 2,264 0.105 26.91 24.88 21.58 7 5 56 fourteen 0.451 2,259 0.105 25.22 23.33 20.24 four 56 16 0.489 2,253 0.105 23.53 21.77 18.90 6 56 10 0.402 2,383 0,099 27.39 25.33 21.96 8 5 56 12 0.445 2,377 0,099 25.46 23.55 20.43 four 56 fourteen 0.489 2,371 0,100 23.53 21.77 18.90 7 6 42 12 0.413 2,370 0.105 26.91 24.88 21.58 5 42 fourteen 0.451 2,264 0.105 25.22 23.33 20.24 8 8 6 42 10 0.402 2,388 0,099 27.38 25.33 21.96 four 42 fourteen 0.489 2,376 0,100 23.53 21.77 18.90 YAZSK ^*) SPB 248 × 249 × 240 0.225 ^*) 0.459 ^**) 0.54 ^*) 35.11 32.41 28.00 SPBB ^***) 248 × 249 × 240 0.397 ^*) 0.590 ^**) 0.42 ^*) 27.29 25.19 21.77 ^*) For silicate hollow blocks (SPB) according to the data sheet of the Yaroslavl plant of silicate brick (YAZSK);
^**) According to the calculations reduced to our sizes of SPUB;
^{***) The} silicate matrix of SPB additionally contains micropores - silicate porous hollow block (SPB).

Claims (1)

A silicate hollow core insulated block in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with a prismatic cavity filled with insulation and small slot voids, symmetrical with respect to the central plane perpendicular to the outer face, characterized in that the small voids are made in the form of elliptical cylinders oriented with a major axis exceeding no less than three times the minor axis parallel to the outer edge of the block, staggered, separated from each other by jumpers of variable thickness, a cavity and small voids s not through, while the cavity for the insulation is shifted to the outer edge of the block.