WO2013176566A1

WO2013176566A1 - Building block (variants)

Info

Publication number: WO2013176566A1
Application number: PCT/RU2012/000848
Authority: WO
Inventors: Александр Васильевич РУССКИЙ
Original assignee: Russkiy Alexandr Vasilievich
Priority date: 2012-05-23
Filing date: 2012-10-19
Publication date: 2013-11-28
Also published as: EA201201360A1

Abstract

The invention relates to the field of building. The invention is intended to increase the thermal properties of building block masonry by means of increasing the void area of building blocks in order to lengthen the path taken by heat through the block body. To this end, the building block for stretcher block laying takes the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with side, end, and bed faces. This block contains vertical cavities, while each of the end faces is provided with a channel perpendicular to the bed faces, so that when said channel is combined with the corresponding channel of a neighboring block, a single vertical cavity is formed. Each end face is provided with an additional channel perpendicular to the bed faces and positioned at a distance from the first channel so that when said channels are combined with the corresponding channels of a neighboring block, two vertical cavities are formed, wherein at least one of the channels of the end faces is a through-channel, while the vertically facing cavities in the block are positioned in rows, a portion of which are positioned opposite the channels.

Description

BUILDING BLOCK (options)

Technical field

The invention relates to the field of construction, namely to the construction of building blocks or bricks, and can be used in the construction of external load-bearing walls of buildings and structures up to three floors.

State of the art

A known building block with through vertical voids of rectangular cross section, in which heat-insulating liners are installed (RU 2352733, publ. 04.20.2009).

The presence of through holes in the building block provides a sufficiently high percentage of voidness, which allows the block to perform both structural and heat-insulating functions in the outer walls of buildings, leading to a reduction in energy consumption for heating buildings. However, the arrangement of the rows of through holes of such a building block causes its increased thermal conductivity in both the poke and spoon directions of the heat flow, and reduces the thermal properties of the building block in the outer walls of buildings and structures.

Also known is a building block made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped containing rows of through holes located along the spoon face located offset from each other in adjacent rows, each row of through holes formed by two identical main rectangular through holes and one additional through hole made square (RU 17052, publ. 10.03.2001).

This building block due to the creation of a sufficiently large number of small (slit-like) through holes has an increased percentage of voidness, which allows to reduce the thermal conductivity and increase the heat resistance of the building block AND the outer walls of buildings and structures from such building blocks. However, the block design according to U 17052 has some disadvantages, namely:

- the absence of a "thermal lock" on the butt faces when laying from similar building blocks, it is possible to form cold bridges along the butt faces of the building blocks;

- the impossibility of forming, when laying blocks of vertical through channels in the wall, necessary for use for various purposes - for laying communications, for hardening the masonry with reinforcing elements, including by creating in full or in part the height of the wall of the vertical channels of an equal strength monolithic reinforced concrete structure, and / or for warming masonry with bulk insulating materials with vertical backfilling on top of more than one row;

- getting on the bed side of the block of masonry mortar between the rigid heat-insulating liners in the blocks leads to the formation of cold bridges on the bed side of the block.

Also known is the construction of a building block, which is equipped with rows of narrow slit-like through holes elongated along the spoon faces and located across the direction of the heat flux (RU

2331741, E04C1 / 00, publ. 08/20/2008).

The disadvantages of the construction of the building block according to this patent are:

- the flat surface of the bonded faces, which is why during the masonry between the building blocks cold bridges can form;

- the small size of the holes does not allow using them as channels for laying pipes, electrical wiring, telephone cables, etc.

- the absence of a "thermal lock" on the butt faces when laying from similar building blocks, it is possible to form cold bridges along the butt faces of the building blocks; - the impossibility of forming when laying blocks of vertical through channels necessary for use for various purposes - for laying communications, for hardening masonry with reinforcing elements, including by creating in vertical channels

5 of equal strength monolithic reinforced concrete structure, and / or for warming masonry with bulk insulating materials with vertical filling on top of more than one row.

- getting on the bed side of the block of masonry mortar between the rigid heat-insulating liners in the blocks leads to the formation of cold bridges along the bed side of the block.

As a prototype of the claimed invention, a building block for spoon masonry is described, described in US 1654631, EV04 / 02, publ. 01/03/1928, which is a rectangular parallelepiped in shape with spoon, flat and bed faces, while

15, vertical holes are made in the block, and a notch is formed on each of the bonded faces perpendicular to the bed faces to form one of the vertical holes together with the corresponding notch of the adjacent block.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the lack of "thermal lock" on

20 bonded faces during masonry, in this regard, in masonry from similar building blocks, cold bridges may be formed along the bonded faces of building blocks. In addition, the execution of such a block has technological difficulties in terms of making narrow through holes in the body of the block, which cannot be used as channels for

25 air passage or insert / backfill of insulating materials of significant thickness and have a high heat transfer, which makes these holes insignificant. The inability to form when laying blocks a significant (sufficient for additional construction tasks) number of through vertical channels that are identical or close in geometric section along the entire height of the wall, necessary for use for various purposes - for laying communications, for hardening masonry with reinforcing elements, including by creating, in part of the vertical channels, a monolithic equal strength reinforced concrete structure, and / or for warming masonry with bulk and / or rigid heat-insulating materials with the aim of uniform vertical warming of masonry in a continuous (continuous) way to the entire height of the wall, it is not possible to form a stable and predictable (calculated) dew point distribution plane in the wall, thereby not allowing at the calculation stage to lay down the standards for the thermal conductivity of external walls in a building structure for a specific region of the world, as well as to give, on the basis of the zone of the proposed construction, requirements for increasing seismic stability, a hurricane of stability, a tornado of stability by increasing the number of vertical channels inside the masonry of reinforced (filled ) reinforced concrete.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result of the invention is to increase the thermal properties of a building block with masonry of such building blocks by increasing the voidness of building blocks and reducing their thermal conductivity due to the increase in the length of the heat flux in the body of each block and in the masonry of such blocks.

The technical results are also improved performance due to the possibility of creating a building block or brick with the possibility of forming in the masonry many through vertical channels that are identical or close in geometric cross section along the entire height of the wall for laying communications and / or for insulating masonry with heat-insulating rigid and / or bulk materials and / or for subsequent hardening of masonry with reinforcing elements, including by creating monolithic equally strong vertical channels in part concrete structure. The specified technical result is achieved in that in the building block for spoon masonry, which is a rectangular parallelepiped in shape with spoon, poke and bed faces, while vertical holes are made in the block, and a notch is formed on each of the poke faces perpendicular to the bed faces to form when masonry together with the corresponding recess of the adjacent block of one vertical hole, on each of the butt faces perpendicular to the bed faces formed additional a recess located at a distance from the first recess for laying when laying together with the corresponding recesses of the adjacent block of two vertical holes, while at least one of the recesses on the bonding faces is made through, and vertically directed holes in the block are arranged in rows, some of which located opposite the recesses.

This technical result is achieved in that at least two recesses are formed on each of the bonded faces perpendicular to the bed faces, with the possibility of forming, when laying together with the corresponding recesses of the adjacent block, two vertical holes. The presence of at least two recesses with guaranteed excludes the possibility of the formation of cold bridges in the gap between the building blocks, even in case of violation of the integrity of the wall of one of the recesses.

At the same time, at least two recesses on the bonded faces can be located symmetrically with respect to the symmetry plane of the block intersecting the spoon edges and can be formed when laying together with the corresponding recess of the adjacent block of a single hole.

The specified technical result is also achieved in a building block or brick for spoon masonry, the basis of the formation of which is a rectangular parallelepiped, with spoon, poke and bed faces, provided with at least the first row of recesses located along the spoon face, the size of the hole located between the butt faces, measured on the surface of the bed side along an imaginary line drawn parallel to the spoon face, is greater than the sum of the depths of the grooves on the butt faces measured along the same line, by an amount equal to the specified thickness of the solution layer between the blocks when laying.

The presence in the construction of building blocks of holes and recesses of specified shapes and sizes in the building block allows you to create many vertical channels during masonry, which can be used for laying various communications, strengthening the structure with reinforcing elements and / or reinforced concrete, and masonry insulation by filling the channels with insulating materials.

Description of the figures of the drawings

The invention is illustrated by the following drawings.

Figure 1 shows a General view of a building block;

FIG. 2 - shows spoon masonry;

FIG. 3 - shows a building block with a filler of voids from heat-insulating material;

FIG. 4 is a first embodiment of a building block;

FIG. 5 is a second example of a building block;

FIG. 6 is a third example of a building block;

FIG. 7 is a fourth example of a building block;

FIG. 8 is a fifth embodiment of a building block;

FIG. 9 is a sixth example of a building block;

FIG. 10 is a seventh example of a building block;

FIG. 11 is an eighth example of a building block;

FIG. 12 - nine examples of the construction block;

FIG. 13 is a tenth example of a building block;

FIG. 14 is an eleventh example of a building block; FIG. 15 is a twelfth embodiment of a building block;

FIG. 16 is a thirteenth example of a building block;

FIG. 17 - the eleventh example of the construction block;

FIG. 18 is a twelfth embodiment of a building block;

FIG. 19 is a thirteenth example of a building block;

FIG. 20 is a fourteenth example of a building block;

FIG. 21 - shows an embodiment of a building block;

FIG. 22 - shows an example of masonry for the formation of end-to-end technological channels;

FIG. 23 is an example of the construction block of FIG. 21 and FIG. 22; FIG. 24 is an example of a building block with a groove-crest docking system and protrusions in a central row of voids on the spoon side; FIG. 25 - spoon masonry of the building blocks of FIG. 24;

FIG. 26 is an embodiment of the building block of FIG. 7;

FIG. 27 is a plan view of the building block of FIG. 26;

FIG. 28 is an embodiment of the building block of FIG. 21 and 23, with flat surfaces on the butt edges;

FIG. 29 is an embodiment of the building block of FIG. 28, with protrusions on one bonding face;

FIG. 30 is an embodiment of the building block of FIG. 28, with protrusions on two bonding faces;

FIG. 31 is the same as in FIG. 30, with an increased number of holes in the body of the building block;

FIG. 32 is an embodiment of the building block of FIG. 21, with flat surfaces on bonded faces;

FIG. 33 is the same as in FIG. 32, with protrusions on the tying edges;

FIG. 34 is the same as in FIG. 33, with an increased number of holes in the body of the building block;

FIG. 35 is an embodiment of the building block of FIG. thirty. The best embodiments of the invention

According to the present invention, the construction of a building block or brick for spoon masonry is considered, which is a rectangular parallelepiped in shape with spoon, poke and bed edges (Fig. 1). In such a block, vertical holes are made, and at least two recesses are formed on each of the bonded faces perpendicular to the bed faces to form during spoon laying together with the corresponding recess of the neighboring block of at least one vertical hole (Fig. 2). On each of the bonding faces, the recesses are located at a distance from each other to form two masonry holes along with the corresponding recesses of the adjacent block of two vertical holes (Fig. 2). At the same time, at least one of the recesses on the bonding faces is made through, and the vertically directed holes in the block are arranged in rows, some of which are located opposite the recesses.

Below we consider the design features of the proposed building block and specific examples of the construction block.

The shape of the building block 1 is based on a rectangular parallelepiped. Block 1 contains two spoonfuls 2, two butt 3 and two bed 4 faces. Two recesses 5, 6, 7, 8 are formed on each of the two bonding faces 3. At least one of the grooves 6, 8 on each bonded edge 3 is made through (in a preferred embodiment, at least two bonded faces of the block are made through dredging). The block has vertical holes 9, 10, 11, 12, which in various embodiments of block 1 can be either through or blind. When using the proposed building block in the outer walls (Fig. 2), the direction of the heat flux is perpendicular to the spoon 2 faces. The heat flow, crossing the block body in the spoon direction, passes along a curved path, thereby reducing the intensity of heat transfer.

Due to the implementation of the recesses 5, 6, 7, 8 on the tying faces, the design defect of the building block, the prototype, which consists in the possibility of forming cold bridges when laying is guaranteed to be eliminated.

The shape of the vertical holes 9, 10, 11, 12 in cross section may be different. For example, in FIG. 1, holes 9, 10 have a rectangular cross-sectional shape, hole 11 is made with two convex walls, and hole 12 has a square shape in cross section.

Presented in FIG. 4-20 variants of the construction block illustrate the variety of design varieties of the proposed technical solution.

The shape of the holes in the cross section of the building block can be different - in the form of a triangle in cross section (Fig. 9 and 10), in the form of a rectangle in section (Fig. 3 and 7), in the form of a polygon in cross section (Fig. 9), in the form a square in cross section (Fig. 1, hole 12), in the form of an ellipse in cross section (Fig. 5), in the form of a circle in cross section or a parallelogram. The corners in the holes can be rounded (Fig. 4 and 6). The number of rows of holes in the building block can also be different - one, two, three or more rows, while on the butt faces along the rows of holes, corresponding recesses are made, the number of which can also be different - from two (for example, two recesses, four recesses , seven recesses) up to fifty recesses.

To strengthen the connection of building blocks on one of the bonding faces, protrusions 13 can be made, and on the other - corresponding cavities 14 (Fig. 13). In an alternative embodiment, protrusions and depressions can simultaneously be made on the bonded faces, so that the abutting surfaces of adjacent building blocks form when laying the blocks in the wall on the bonded side of the masonry, they construct an ion lock according to the “father-mother” principle or groove-comb.

At least one of the bonded faces may have additional protrusions that do not correspond to depressions on the opposite bonded face. Additional protrusions are designed to form distance limiters between the blocks in the butt joints of the masonry from the blocks, which contribute to improving the accuracy of the masonry (Fig. 14). On the one of the bed faces of the building block, protrusions 15 can be made, and on the other bed face, the depressions 16 corresponding to them (Fig. 12), which form a structural lock according to the notch-comb principle when laying the blocks in the wall. At least one of the bed faces of the building block can be made additional protrusions of various lengths and shapes, forming distance limiters between the blocks in the bed seams of masonry blocks, increasing the accuracy of the masonry (Fig. 13 and 14). At least one of the rows of holes can be installed liners 17 of heat-insulating material (Fig. 3).

Building blocks are designed for laying in one row, sequentially (Fig. 2). Rows are obtained only spoon. Transverse vertical seams 18 of each upper row are overlapped with blocks of the other row by 1/2 block in the spoon rows. Blocks in dimensions can have both square and rectangular shapes. Blocks are connected using various building mixtures or adhesives. In the process of laying holes in the building blocks, whole (or broken, but interconnected) vertical rows can be formed in the form of certain geometric figures in the form of single heat-sound-insulating columns over the entire height of the wall. These holes can be used to backfill bulk insulation: expanded clay, vermiculite, chips of foam glass, polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, etc., or to strengthen masonry reinforcing elements, for connecting rigid heaters in the vertical channels of the wall to the joint, without penetration of the masonry mortar / glue.

During the laying process, through vertical holes and grooves of blocks can be formed through vertical channels to the entire height of the wall. These channels can be used for laying communications of electrical wiring, pipes, telephone cables, etc. The purpose of these channels can be taken into account in the design and construction of the building (for example, there is no need for the subsequent operation of “punching” the walls under the hidden wiring of communications in the wall, which is laid during the construction of the wall).

To solve the joint task of creating channels to increase the path length of the heat flux in the body of the unit and use them as communication paths, the size and shape of the hole 12 (or several holes 12) and grooves 6 located opposite the hole / tiy 12 or along the line E1- E2 of the location of the hole 12) is selected based on the considerations below (FIG. 22).

Building blocks during masonry with an overlap of 1/2 the length of the block should be located so that the grooves 6 on the butt edges and holes 12 overlap, forming vertical through channels of the same channels.

Considering the fact that the building blocks are connected in masonry with each other by means of a solution having a predetermined thickness “c”, the size of the hole “a” along the spoon face is chosen based on the following formula:

a = b1 + b2 + c,

where a is the size of the hole, measured on the surface of the bed side along an imaginary line E1-E2, drawn parallel to the spoon side, in the block there is only one such hole 6; bl is the depth of the groove on the first bonded face, measured along the same line E1E2 indicated above;

L2 is the depth of the groove on the second bonded face, measured along the same line E1E2 indicated above;

c - the specified thickness of the mortar / glue layer between the blocks during masonry, depending on the selected material and the technology of joining the building blocks.

In the simplest (and optimal) case L = L2, however, in the more complicated case of implementing a utility model, these sizes can have different sizes, and in this case, it is also possible to achieve the coincidence of holes and grooves for the formation of a through vertical channel. The shape of the grooves 6 should partially repeat the shape of the hole 12 to ensure uniformity of the surface of the walls of the vertical through channels formed during masonry.

In a possible embodiment (Fig. 23), the block may be provided with two additional rows of holes located along the spoon edge 2 and consisting of two holes 19 and 20 of the same shape in plan, the thickness of the jumper “g” between the holes 19 and 20 of the additional row measured on the surface of the bed side along an imaginary line drawn parallel to the spoon side, is greater than the sum of the thicknesses hi, h2 of the jumpers between holes 19 and 20 and the surfaces of the butt faces of the block, measured along the same line, by a value of "c" equal to s the given thickness of the solution layer between the blocks during masonry, that is, the equality

g = hl + h2 + s,

where g is the thickness of the jumper between the holes 7, 8 of the additional row;

hi is the thickness of the jumper on the first bonded face, measured along the imaginary line E1-E2 indicated above; h2 is the thickness of the jumper on the second teak face, measured along the same imaginary line E1-E2 indicated above;

c is the specified thickness of the mortar / glue layer between the blocks during masonry, depending on the selected material and the technology of joining the building blocks.

When wall masonry is made of blocks made in compliance with the above conditions, if the blocks of the upper row overlap the blocks of the lower row 1/2 of the length of the spoon-shaped block face, the formation of a plurality of vertical through channels communicating with each other in the wall.

An example of guaranteed production of vertical end-to-end communicating channels is the use of building blocks, presented, as an option in FIG. 21, FIG. 24, FIG. 26, FIG. 27. In FIG. 24 and FIG. 26, a groove-crest docking system and protrusions in the central row of voids on the spoon side are used in the blocks. On one bonded face in the block, vertically oriented protrusions 21 are made, which are located on the sides on this bonded edge from the central recess 6 for FIG. 24 or on the sides of the center row for FIG. 26, and on the other butt face, vertically oriented protrusions 22 are formed so that when they abut the protrusion surface, the protrusions 21 are located between them and have the same abutment on the protruding surface of another building block of the same construction as shown in FIG. 25. A similar groove-comb joining system of the protrusions 23 can also be performed on the bed faces of the opposite side of the block. With this design, the formation of through channels provides a predetermined thickness of the solution layer between the blocks during spoon laying vertically and horizontally.

In FIG. 26 and 27 show an improved embodiment of the building block of FIG. 7. It is distinguished by a different elaboration of the tying and spoon faces and the geometry of voids. Schematic diagram of a spoon masonry block of FIG. 26 is shown in FIG. 2, which shows a variant of the block without protrusions on the bed and butt edges corresponding to the block in FIG. 7.

Industrial applicability

The application of this invention in the field of construction when laying the outer walls of civil and industrial buildings and structures and when erecting external load-bearing walls of buildings and structures with a height of up to three floors can improve the thermotechnical properties of masonry from such building blocks by increasing the voidness of building blocks to increase the length of the thermal path flow in the body of the block while using channels formed by voids as highways for laying communication networks.

Claims

Claim

1. A building block for spoon masonry, which is a rectangular parallelepiped in shape with spoon, poke and bed edges, while vertical holes are made in the block,

5 and on each of the bonded faces perpendicular to the bed faces, a recess is formed for laying when laying together with the corresponding recess of the adjacent block of one vertical hole, characterized in that on each of the bonded faces perpendicular to the bed faces, an additional recess is formed located at a distance from the first recess for the formation during masonry together with the corresponding recesses of the adjacent block of two vertical holes, while at least one of the recesses on the bonding faces olnena through and vertically directed holes in the block are arranged in rows, some of which are situated opposite the recesses.

15 2. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two recesses on the bonded faces are located symmetrically relative to the plane of symmetry of the block crossing the spoon edges and are configured to form a single hole when laying together with the corresponding recess of the adjacent block.

20 3. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that the recesses have the shape of a half cylinder, or a circular half cylinder or an elliptical half cylinder, or> an ismatic half cylinder, or the shape of a triangular prism.

4. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical hole 25 has in the cross section the shape of a triangle or rectangle or a polyhedron.

5. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that the walls of at least part of the vertical holes are convex _.

6. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that in the block, at least 30 part of the vertical holes have the same shape.

7. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that protrusions are made on one bonded face of the block, and corresponding cavities are made on the other bonded face.

8. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that the protrusions are made on one of the bed faces of the block, and the corresponding depressions are made on the other bed face.

9. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that, at least in one of the vertical holes of the block there is an insert made of heat-insulating material.

10. A building block for spoon masonry, the basis of the formation of which is a rectangular parallelepiped, with spoon, pin and bed faces, provided with at least one row of recesses located along the spoon face, while two recesses of the row are made in the form of grooves on the button faces, and at least one recess is made in the form of a through hole between the recesses on the bonded faces, characterized in that the size of the hole, measured on the surface of the bed side along an imaginary line drawn by parallel a spoonful facet, greater than the sum of the depths of the grooves on the bonded faces, measured along the same line, by an amount equal to the specified thickness of the solution layer between the blocks when spooning, in which the blocks of each upper row located overlap the blocks of the lower row in half the block in the spoon rows .

11. The block according to p. 10, characterized in that it is equipped with at least one additional row of holes located along the spoon face and consisting of two holes of the same shape in plan, the thickness of the jumper between the holes of the additional row, measured on the surface a bed face along an imaginary line drawn parallel to the spoon face, greater than the sum of the thicknesses of the bridges between the holes and the surfaces of the butt faces of the block, measured along the same line, by an amount equal to the specified thickness of the solution layer between the blocks during spoon laying.

12. The block according to claim 10, characterized in that the bonded faces are provided with means for providing a given thickness of the solution layer between the blocks made in the form of protrusions.

13. The block according to claim 10, characterized in that at least one of the bed faces is provided with means for ensuring a given thickness of the solution layer between the rows of blocks made in the form of protrusions.