RU142998U1 - BUILDING BLOCK (OPTIONS) - Google Patents

Abstract

1. A building block for spoon masonry, which is a rectangular parallelepiped in shape with spoon, poke and bed faces, at least two vertical holes are made in the block, and at least one recess is formed on each of the poke faces perpendicular to the bed faces for the formation during masonry together with the corresponding recess of the adjacent block of one vertical hole, while these holes are located on opposite sides of the recesses or at least one of these holes opposite to at least one of the recesses, characterized in that the walls of the through holes and recesses are made in the direction from one bed face to another in the form of fragments of the surface of a truncated pyramid or cone, the imaginary vertices or bases of which are located on the side of one of the bed faces. 2. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that the recesses in the plan are in the form of a semicircle or semi-ellipse, or a half-rectangle. 3. A block according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical hole in the cross section has the shape of a triangle or rectangle, or a polyhedron, or a circle, or an ellipse. 4. A block according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical hole in the cross section has the shape of a triangle or rectangle, or a polyhedron, the inner corners of which are rounded. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that protrusions are made on one bonded face of the block, and corresponding troughs are made on the other bonded face. 6. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that the protrusions are made on one of the bed faces of the block, and the corresponding and

Description

The utility model relates to the field of construction, namely to the construction of building blocks or bricks, and can be used in the construction of external load-bearing walls of buildings and structures up to three floors high.

A known building block for spoon masonry, the basis of the formation of which is a rectangular parallelepiped, with spoon, poke and bed faces, with at least one recess formed on each of the poke faces perpendicular to the bed faces, made with the possibility of formation when laying together with the corresponding recesses of the adjacent block of a single vertical hole (RU 120115, E04C 1/00, publ. 09/10/2012). This decision was made as a prototype.

A feature of this building block is that it is used for laying in one row, sequentially and receiving spoon rows. In this case, the transverse vertical seams of each upper row are overlapped by blocks of the other row by 1/2 block in the spoon rows. In the process of masonry, through holes in the building blocks are combined to form whole (or broken, but interconnected) vertical rows in the form of certain geometric shapes in the form of unified heat and sound insulating posts over the entire height of the wall. These poles can be used for laying communications - electrical wiring, pipes, telephone cables, etc., as well as for filling bulk insulation: expanded clay, vermiculite, crumb foam glass, polystyrene foam, polystyrene foam, expanded polystyrene, etc. In addition, heat-insulating inserts can be inserted into the combined openings, or these channels can be filled with concrete to form power posts.

It is believed that the manufacture of such complex-shaped building blocks is advisable using spinneret mechanisms (through extrusion gratings (RU 2053882), through which the mixture is pressed, giving the desired shape to the block. With this production method, it is believed that the walls of the holes in the block are flat and vertical. But in reality, if the building block does not have, through holes and recesses of large sizes, through holes in the body of the block between the through holes, it is advisable to use casting methods But using these production methods, which are progressive and cost-effective for the mass production of building products, obtaining flat and vertical (mutually perpendicular) walls of through holes and recesses is not possible due to the fact that it is necessary to remove the matrix from the finished body products before polymerization of the latter, and this is possible only if there is a deviation from the perpendicularity of adjacent faces.

A feature of the technological process in accordance with GOST 530-2007 when using the extrusion method is that the extruded moldable mixture is supplied continuously under stable pressure and is subjected to a strain load at the moment of “cutting” at the cutting site, similar to a water hammer in a cutting, since the cutting element in a certain place begins to impede the usual movement of the moldable mass, which leads to "overlapping" of the subsequent molded masses. And although the operation of cutting into blocks is carried out quickly, this time is enough to create a deformation in the extrudable masses that are already ready for exit through the die, and as a result there is a narrowing of the section of the internal holes of the block in the form of a thickening, i.e. there is a taper in relation to the hole that will be formed in the final part of such a block when it is “cut off” from the die, where the opposite effect of “sparseness” of the moldable mass will already occur, which will lead to an increase in the internal section of the holes in this place on the opposite side of the block .

If for a traditional block with Through holes the void area should not exceed 13% of the total area of the bed edge (GOST 530-2007), then for the blocks of the prototype where the void area is much higher than these 13%, the condition for deviation from the perpendicularity of adjacent faces more than 3 mm is also relevant and feasible in mass production.

The technical result of the utility model is to increase the manufacturability of the construction of the building block to increase the strength properties of spoon masonry from such building blocks.

The specified technical result is achieved in that in the building block for spoon masonry, which is a rectangular parallelepiped in shape with spoon, poke and bed faces, at least two vertical holes are made in the block, and on each of the poke faces perpendicular to the bed faces at least one recess for forming when laying together with the corresponding recess of the adjacent block of one vertical hole, while these through holes are located different sides of the recesses or at least one of these holes is located opposite at least one of the recesses, the walls of the through holes and recesses are made in the direction from one bed face to another in the form of fragments of the surface of a truncated pyramid or cone, imaginary vertices or bases of which are located from one of the bed faces.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the building block for spoon masonry, the basis of the formation of which is a rectangular parallelepiped, with spoon, poke and bed faces, provided with at least two rows of voids, each of which is located along the spoon face and in each of which a void is formed by a through or through hole, and between said rows a through or through hole is formed by at least one void, opposite which on bonded faces are formed open recesses, the size of the hole, measured on the upper surface of the bed side along an imaginary line drawn parallel to the spoon side, is greater than the sum of the depths of the grooves on the butt edges measured along the same line by an amount equal to the thickness of the mortar layer between the building blocks when laying, and the size holes, measured on the lower surface of the bed side along an imaginary line drawn parallel to the spoon side, are greater than the sum of the depths of the recesses on the butt faces measured along the same line by an amount p the same thickness of the mortar layer between the building blocks during masonry and a value equal to the sum of the deviations of the wall in the recesses from the plane drawn vertically and perpendicular to the spoon faces from the point located on the wall of the hole on the upper bed face.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the building block for spoon masonry, the basis of the formation of which is a rectangular parallelepiped, with spoon, poke and bed faces, provided with at least two rows of voids, each of which is located along the spoon face and in each of which the voids are formed by two through or through holes of the same shape in plan, and at least one void is formed between the said rows through or through hole, opposite to which a swarm on openings formed open grooves, characterized in that the thickness of the web between the holes in each row, measured on the upper surface of the bed side along an imaginary line drawn parallel to the spoon side, is greater than the sum of the thicknesses of the web between the holes and the surface of the stitch faces measured along the same lines, by an amount equal to the thickness of the mortar layer between the building blocks during masonry, and the thickness of the bridge between the holes in each row, measured on the lower surface of the bed side The role of the imaginary line drawn parallel to the spoon face is greater than the sum of the thicknesses of the bridges between the holes and the surface of the butt faces measured along the same line by an amount equal to the thickness of the mortar layer between the building blocks during masonry and the sum of the deviations of the wall of the holes from the plane drawn vertically and perpendicular to the spoon faces from the point located on the wall of the hole on the upper bed side.

These features are significant and are interconnected with the formation of a stable set of essential features sufficient to obtain the desired technical result.

This useful model is illustrated by specific examples of execution, which, however, are not the only possible ones, but clearly demonstrate the possibility of achieving the desired technical result.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of a building block, a first embodiment;

FIG. 2 is a general view of a building block, a second embodiment, a perspective view;

FIG. 3 is the same as in FIG. 2, plan view;

FIG. 4 is a section A-A of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is an example of the masonry of building blocks of FIG. 2 with a partial cut along the masonry;

FIG. 6 - building block with castle ledges;

FIG. 7 is a diagram for calculating the distances between holes and recesses;

FIG. 8 is a plan view of a building block, a third embodiment, slit-like elements are not shown;

FIG. 9 is a plan view of a building block, a fourth embodiment, slit-like elements are not shown;

FIG. 10 is a plan view of a building block, a fifth embodiment, slot-like elements are not shown;

FIG. 11 is a plan view of a building block, a sixth embodiment, slit elements are not shown;

FIG. 12 is a plan view of a building block, a seventh embodiment, slit elements are not shown;

FIG. 13 is a plan view of a building block, an eighth embodiment, slit elements are not shown;

FIG. 14 is a plan view of a building block, a ninth embodiment, slit elements are not shown;

FIG. 15 is a plan view of a building block, a tenth embodiment, slit elements are not shown;

FIG. 16 is a plan view of a building block, an eleventh embodiment, slit elements are not shown;

FIG. 17 is a plan view of a building block, a twelfth embodiment, slit elements are not shown;

FIG. 18 is a plan view of a building block, a thirteenth embodiment, slit-like elements are not shown;

FIG. 19 is a plan view of a building block, a fourteenth embodiment, slit elements are not shown;

FIG. 20 is a plan view of a building block, a fifteenth embodiment, slit elements are not shown;

FIG. 21 is a plan view of a building block, a sixteenth embodiment, slit elements are not shown;

FIG. 22 is a plan view of a building block, a seventeenth embodiment, slit elements are not shown;

FIG. 23 is a plan view of a building block, an eighteenth embodiment, slit elements are not shown;

FIG. 24 is a plan view of a building block, a nineteenth embodiment, slit elements are not shown;

FIG. 25 is a plan view of a building block, a twentieth embodiment, slit elements are not shown;

FIG. 26 - shows a building block with the location of the imaginary line A1-A2;

FIG. 27 is a sectional view of the block of FIG. 26 by a plane passing through line A1-A2;

FIG. 28 - shows a building block with the location of the imaginary line B1-B2;

FIG. 29 is a sectional view of the block of FIG. 28 by a plane passing through line B1-B2;

FIG. 30 - presents a building block with the location of the imaginary line C1-C2;

FIG. 31 is a sectional view of the block of FIG. 30 by a plane passing through line C1-C2;

FIG. 32 - shows the alignment of the holes in one row of their location;

FIG. 33 - shows the alignment of the holes in two rows of their location.

According to this utility model, the construction of a building block or brick for spoon masonry is considered, which is a rectangular parallelepiped in shape with spoon, poke and bed edges (Fig. 1). In this block, vertical holes are made, and at least one recess is formed on each of the bonded faces perpendicular to the bed faces (Fig. 1) for the formation of at least one vertical hole together with the corresponding recess of the adjacent block (Fig. 5) . At the same time, at least one of the recesses on the bonding faces can be made through and the other can be blind (not through), and vertically directed holes in the block can be arranged in rows, some of which are located opposite the recesses. In the General case, these through holes can be located on opposite sides of the recesses (Fig. 1) or at least one of these holes can be located opposite at least one of the recesses (Fig. 2).

Below we consider the design features of the proposed building block and specific examples of the construction block.

The shape of the building block 1 is based on a rectangular parallelepiped. Block 1 contains two spoonfuls 2, two butt 3 and two bed 4 faces. In the example shown in FIG. 1, one recess 5 is formed on each of the two bonded faces 3. At least one of the recesses 5 on each bonded edge 3 is made through. In this block, vertical holes 6 are made, which in various embodiments of block 1 can be either through or blind. When using the proposed building block in the outer walls (Fig. 5), the direction of the heat flux is perpendicular to the spoon 2 faces. The heat flow, crossing the block body in the spoon direction, passes along a curved path, thereby reducing the intensity of heat transfer. In FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of a building block in which two through holes are made along each spoon face (either one through hole and the other blind, or only one of these holes is blind). On the contrary, the recesses in the body of the block have another through (or blind) hole 7. The blocks in dimensions can have both square and rectangular shapes.

In FIG. Figures 8-25 show examples of the execution of building blocks (plan view) with a demonstration of through holes 6 and recesses 5 on the bonding faces. In this case, slit-like elements are not shown. These examples reflect possible architecture configurations in a block plan.

A feature of such a building block is its well-developed architecture, which in block-circuit design can be represented as a connection by one or more jumpers of two or more walls or parallelepipeds (or a combination thereof) in which through holes of a non-slot type can be made. This allows you to solve two problems: on the one hand, to seriously lighten the weight of the block (the holes are made of a large cross section, sufficient for laying liners or laying pipes or pouring concrete), on the other hand, this developed architecture provides high strength of the block, since the walls are not located in one plane and loading moments on one wall are compensated by the redistribution of loads on other walls that do not lie in the plane of the load. In addition, the supporting surface of such a block in the masonry row has been seriously increased and the local load from adjacent blocks in the tying direction has been reduced. The presence of jumpers compensates for bending loads and strengthens the outer walls, as if being stiffeners for them.

With this architecture, the block has a sufficiently large bearing capacity, due to the fact that only in the spoon directions in the block are the faces developed by area, and in the poke directions, the faces are divided into separate surfaces lying in different planes. This creates a stepped design supporting the faces in the spoon direction. In fact, the H-shape of the block is more like a spatial frame. In this connection, the development of the outer surface, which determines the bearing capacity of the block, increases.

Given this structural and architectural construction of the building block, it becomes possible to combine the number of through (or through and blind) openings 6 in the body of the block, as well as vary the number of recesses on each bonded face and the number of through (or through and blind) openings 7 located opposite the recesses . In the framework of this utility model, many such variations are not considered in detail (they are well reflected in the drawings of the prototype patent). In the framework of this utility model, simplified block designs are considered (Fig. 1 and Fig. 2), conceptually reflecting the algorithm for constructing blocks with recesses and holes in the block body.

The shape of the vertical holes 6 in cross section may be different. For example, the rectangular shape or the shape of a square or circle or ellipse, or the shape of a triangle or rectangle or polyhedron. The recesses 5 are made open and in the plan have the shape of a semicircle, or half-ellipse or half-rectangle or half-polygon (that is, half a geometric regular figure). In the examples of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 recesses are in the shape of half a rectangle.

A feature of the design of the claimed building block is that the walls of the through holes and recesses are made in one direction from one bed face to another in the form of fragments of the surface of a truncated pyramid or cone, imaginary peaks or bases of which are located on the side of one of the bed faces. In FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 shows a block with through holes having a plan in the form of a rectangle, and the recesses are in cross section the shape of half a rectangle. Moreover, in this example, the walls of the holes and recesses are made obliquely arranged with respect to the vertical plane, intersecting the block in any place (for example, through holes 6). That is, the cross-sectional area of such a hole 6 on one bed side is larger than the cross-sectional area of the same hole 6 on another bed side. We can say that the walls of this hole repeat a fragment of the surface of a truncated prism. When making these holes round in plan or ellisoid in plan, the walls of the holes repeat the shape of a truncated cone or cone-shaped figure. The same applies to the surfaces of the walls of the recesses. In any case, we are talking about the fact that the walls of the holes and recesses do not lie in the vertical plane. A view of such a wall surface is shown in FIG. four.

The taper in each individual hole or recess, measured along the spoon and poke faces can be made the same or different from each other both in the same direction of the faces and in different directions of the faces. The taper of the recesses in the rows of the building block may differ in inclination angles both along the spoon and along the butt edges.

Building blocks according to this utility model are intended for laying in a single row, sequentially (Fig. 5). Rows are obtained only spoon. The transverse vertical seams 8 of each lower row are overlapped by blocks of the other row by 1/2 block in the spoon rows. Blocks are connected using various building mixtures or adhesives. In the process of laying, by combining the holes in the building blocks, whole (or broken, but communicating) vertical rows can be formed in the form of certain geometric shapes in the form of single heat-sound-insulating posts over the entire height of the wall. These holes can be used to fill bulk insulation: expanded clay, vermiculite, chips of foam glass, polystyrene foam, expanded polystyrene, expanded polystyrene, etc., or to strengthen masonry with reinforcing elements, or to pour concrete. When pouring concrete, the concrete barrel 9 acquires a stepped shape with protrusions on the outer surface, which are considered as locking elements that fasten the masonry rows together vertically. If the linking of blocks in one row can be carried out by laying a mesh or reinforcing rods (along the bed faces), then the linking of blocks between the rows is possible due to the formation of such concrete pillars with protrusions. This masonry acquires increased strength and ability to resist dynamic loads, as well as local faults, which, as a rule, lead to the destruction of the wall.

In addition, this design of blocks relates to technological designs, since the presence of inclined walls at the recesses and holes allows the use of vibration compression technology in the production of such blocks. This facilitates the process of laying in the vertical channels formed by the alignment of the holes of the insulating liners, which are made of a polymer-containing material and made in the form of tubular structures, as a rule, of constant cross-section along the length. In this case, the transverse dimensions of such inserts are selected from the dimensions of the smallest section in terms of holes 6 or 7.

The vertically oriented channels obtained during masonry from the through holes of the blocks can be used for laying communications - electrical wiring, pipes, telephone cables, etc. The purpose of these channels can be taken into account in the design and construction of the building (for example, there is no need for the subsequent operation of “punching” the walls under the hidden wiring of communications in the wall, which is laid during the construction of the wall). At the same time, cables or pipes or wires laid in channels are positioned along the edges of the walls of the holes in the zone of the smallest section, which, as it were, keeps these communications with a gap from the rest of the surface of the walls of the holes.

To solve the joint task of creating channels to increase the path length of the heat flux in the body of the block and use them as communication paths, the size of the hole 6 and the recesses 5 located opposite the hole 6 or along the line E1-E2 choose the location of the hole 6 along the spoon face, based on the considerations below (Fig. 7).

Building blocks during masonry with an overlap of 1/2 the length of the block should be located so that the recesses 5 on the butt edges and holes 5 overlap, forming vertical through channels of the same channels.

Given that the building blocks are connected in masonry with each other by means of a solution having a predetermined thickness "c", the size of the hole "a" along the spoon face is chosen based on the following formula:

a = b1 + b2 + c,

where a is the size of the hole, measured on the surface of the bed side along an imaginary line E1-E2, drawn parallel to the spoon side, in the block there is only one such hole 6;

b1 is the depth of the notch on the first bonded face, measured along the same line E1-E2 indicated above;

b2 is the depth of the notch on the second bonded face, measured along the same line E1-E2 indicated above;

c is the specified thickness of the mortar / glue layer between the blocks during masonry, depending on the selected material and the technology of joining the building blocks.

This example application of the formula is illustrated by the embodiment of the building block in FIG. 32 and in FIG. 33.

In the simplest (and optimal) case b1 = b2, however, in a more complicated case of implementing a utility model, these sizes can have different sizes, and in this case, it is also possible to achieve the condition of matching holes 6 and recesses5 to form a through vertical channel in the masonry. The shape of the recesses 5 should partially repeat the shape of the hole 6 to ensure uniformity of the surface of the walls of the vertical through channels formed during masonry.

Considering that the selected prototype block has side walls of internal voids, which are also the external walls of the block, and in the masonry these blocks are interconnected by means of a solution having a given thickness “c”, the size of the internal jumper “g” between the internal the holes in the block along the spoon face are selected based on the following formula:

g = h01 + h02 + c.

where g is the size of the inner bridge, measured on the surface of the bed side along an imaginary line F1-F2, drawn parallel to the spoon side, at least two holes 6 are made in the block;

h01 is the thickness of the outer wall of the hole 6 on the first bonding face, measured along the same line F1-F2 indicated above;

h02 is the thickness of the outer wall of the hole 6 on the second bonded face, measured along the same line F1-F2 indicated above;

c is the specified thickness of the mortar / glue layer between the blocks during masonry, depending on the selected material and the technology of joining the building blocks.

This example application of the formula is illustrated in FIG. 33.

In the simplest (and optimal) case, h01 = h02, however, in a more complicated case of implementing a utility model, these sizes can also have different sizes, and in this case, it is also possible to match the holes 6 and recesses 5 to form a through vertical channel in the masonry. The shape of the recesses 5 should partially repeat the shape of the hole 6 to ensure uniformity of the surface of the walls of the vertical through channels formed during masonry.

These findings are formulated in relation to the shape of the holes and recesses in plan from either the lower or upper bed faces. This formula does not take into account the conicity of the walls of the holes and recesses in the block. To account for this indicator of the shape of the walls of the holes and recesses, it is necessary to apply the adjusted formulas shown below.

In FIG. 26 shows a building block for spoon masonry, the basis of the formation of which is a rectangular parallelepiped, with spoon, poke and bed edges. This block is provided with at least two rows of voids 12, each of which is located along the spoon face and in each of which the void is formed by a through or through hole. At least one void is formed between the said rows through or through the hole 7, opposite which open recesses are formed on the butt faces.

For the case when the imaginary line A1-A2 passes through the hole 7, the size of the hole, measured on the upper surface of the bed side along the imaginary lines A1-A2, drawn parallel to the spoon side, is greater than the sum of the depths of the recesses on the butt faces measured along the same line A1- A2, by an amount equal to the thickness of the mortar layer between the building blocks during masonry.

The size of the hole, measured on the lower surface of the bed side along the imaginary line A1-A2, drawn parallel to the spoon side, is greater than the sum of the depths of the recesses on the bonded sides measured along the same line A1-A2, by an amount equal to the thickness of the mortar layer between the building blocks when laying and a value equal to the sum of the deviations of the wall in the recesses from the plane drawn vertically and perpendicular to the spoon faces from the point located on the wall of the hole on the upper bed side.

For the lower bed along the line A1-A2 of the building block, the formulas are performed (Fig. 27):

1 a2 = b1 + b2 + c-dbd2,

2.a2 = a1-d1-d2, where

a2 is the size of the hole, measured on the surface of the lower bed side along an imaginary line A1-A2, drawn parallel to the spoon side;

b1 is the depth of the groove on the first bonding face, measured along the same line A1-A2 indicated above;

b2 is the depth of the groove on the second bonding face, measured along the same line A1-A2 indicated above;

c is the specified thickness of the mortar / glue layer between the blocks during masonry, depending on the selected material and the technology of joining the building blocks.

d1 and d2 are the values arising from the inclination of each inner wall of the through recess at a given angle to form a taper, in the most appropriate case d1 = d2;

3.g2 = g1 + d1 + d2, where

g2 is the width of the lintel measured on the lower bed between the through recess 5 and the grooves on the bonded edge along the same line A1-A2 above, drawn parallel to the spoon edge;

α1 and α2 are the deviation angles between the value of the upper bed side and the lower bed side measured perpendicular to the upper bed side, determining the tilt angle (taper) of the recess.

For the upper bed along the line A1-A2 of the building block, the formulas are performed (Fig. 27):

1. a1 = b1 + b2 + c, where

a1 is the size of the hole, measured on the surface of the upper bed side along an imaginary line A1-A2, drawn parallel to the spoon side;

b1 is the depth of the groove on the first bonding face, measured along the same line A1-A2 indicated above;

b2 is the depth of the groove on the second bonding face, measured along the same line A1-A2 indicated above;

c is the specified thickness of the mortar / glue layer between the blocks during masonry, depending on the selected material and the technology of joining the building blocks;

g1 is the width of the lintel measured on the upper bed between the through recess 5 and each groove on the butt edge along the same line A1-A2 indicated above.

In FIG. 28 shows the same building block as in FIG. 26, but in this block an imaginary line B1-B2 is drawn through a series of voids formed by holes 6.

For such a block, the thickness of the bridge 13 between the holes in each row, measured on the upper surface of the bed side along the imaginary line B1-B2, drawn parallel to the spoon side, is greater than the sum of the thicknesses of the bridge 14 between the holes and the surface 15 of the butt faces measured along the same line B1- B2, by an amount equal to the thickness of the mortar layer between the building blocks during masonry.

And the thickness of the bridge 13 between the holes in each row, measured on the lower surface of the bed side along the imaginary line B1-B2, drawn parallel to the spoon side, is greater than the sum of the thicknesses of the bridge 14 between the holes and the surface 15 of the butt faces measured along the same line B1-B2, by an amount equal to the thickness of the mortar layer between the building blocks during masonry and the sum of the deviations of the wall in the holes 6 from the plane drawn vertically and perpendicular to the spoon faces from the point located on the wall of the hole 6 on the top of the bed.

For the lower bed along the line B1-B2 of the building block, the formulas are performed (Fig. 29):

1 g4 = h1 + h2 + c + k1 + k2,

2.g4 = g3 + k1 + k2, where

g4 is the thickness of the jumper between the holes 7, 8 of the additional row on the lower bed side;

g3 is the thickness of the jumper between the holes 7, 8 of the additional row on the upper bed side;

h1 is the thickness of the jumper on the first bonded face, measured along the imaginary line B1-B2 indicated above;

n2 is the thickness of the jumper on the second bonded face, measured along the same imaginary line B1-B2 indicated above;

c is the specified thickness of the mortar / glue layer between the blocks during masonry, depending on the selected material and the technology of joining the building blocks;

k1 and k2 are the values arising due to the inclination of each inner wall of the through recess at a given angle to form a taper;

β1 and β2 are the deviation angles between the value of the upper bed side and the lower bed side measured perpendicular to the upper bed side, which determine the inclination angle (taper) of the recess.

For the upper bed along the line B1-B2 of the building block, the formulas are performed (Fig. 29):

1.g3 = h1 + h2 + c, where

g3 is the thickness of the jumper between the holes of the 6th row on the upper bed side;

h1 is the thickness of the jumper on the first bonded face, measured along the imaginary line B1-B2 indicated above;

b2 is the thickness of the jumper on the second bonded face, measured along the same imaginary line B1-B2 indicated above;

c is the specified thickness of the mortar / glue layer between the blocks during masonry, depending on the selected material and the technology of joining the building blocks.

In FIG. 30 shows the same building block as in FIG. 26, but in this block an imaginary line C1-C2 is drawn through a series of voids formed by holes 6 and 7 in the direction from one spoonful face to another.

For a building block along the line C1-C2, the taper is performed according to the formulas (Fig. 31):

1. f1 = n1 + n2 + 0 (Fig. 31), where

f1 is the size of the hole 7, measured on the surface of the upper bed side along an imaginary line C1-C2, drawn parallel to the butt face;

f2 is the size of the hole 7, measured on the surface of the lower bed side along an imaginary line C1-C2, drawn parallel to the butt edge;

n1 and n2 are the values that arose due to the inclination of each inner wall of the through recess at a given angle to form a taper.

2. j1 = p1 + p2 + j2, where

j1 is the size of the hole 6, measured on the surface of the upper bed side along an imaginary line C1-C2, drawn parallel to the butt face;

j2 is the size of the hole 10, measured on the surface of the lower bed side along an imaginary line C1-C2, drawn parallel to the butt edge;

p1 and p2 are the values that arose due to the inclination of each inner wall of the through recess at a given angle to form a taper.

3. e1 = m1 + m2 + e2, where

e1 is the size of the hole 6, measured on the surface of the upper bed side along an imaginary line C1-C2, drawn parallel to the spoon side;

e2 is the size of the hole 6, measured on the surface of the lower bed side along an imaginary line C1-C2, drawn parallel to the spoon side;

m1 and m2 - values arising due to the inclination of each inner wall of the through recess at a given angle to form a taper.

To strengthen the connection of building blocks on one of the bonding faces, protrusions 10 can be made, and on the other - corresponding cavities (Fig. 6). In an alternative embodiment, both protrusions and troughs can simultaneously be made on the bonded faces, so that the abutting surfaces of adjacent building blocks form a structural lock on the father-mother principle or a groove-comb when laying the blocks into the wall on the bonded side of the masonry.

At least one of the bonded faces may have additional protrusions that do not correspond to depressions on the opposite bonded face. Additional protrusions are designed to form distance limiters between the blocks in the butt joints of the masonry from the blocks, which contribute to improving the accuracy of the masonry. On one of the bed faces of the building block, protrusions 11 can be made, and on the other bed face, troughs corresponding to them (Fig. 6), which form a structural lock according to the notch-comb principle when laying the blocks in the wall. At least one of the bed faces of the building block can be made additional protrusions of various lengths and shapes, forming distance limiters between the blocks in the bed seams of masonry blocks, increasing the accuracy of the masonry.

These examples show the possibility of guaranteed production of vertical through channels connected to each other during the laying of building blocks equipped with groove-comb joining systems and restrictive protrusions.

The use of this useful model in the field of construction during the laying of the outer walls of civil and industrial buildings and structures and the construction of the external load-bearing walls of buildings and structures makes it possible to increase not only the thermotechnical properties of masonry from such building blocks by increasing the voidness of building blocks and increasing the length of the heat flow path in the body of the block, but also increase the strength of the masonry as a whole.

Claims (9)

1. A building block for spoon masonry, which is a rectangular parallelepiped in shape with spoon, poke and bed faces, at least two vertical holes are made in the block, and at least one recess is formed on each of the poke faces perpendicular to the bed faces for the formation during masonry together with the corresponding recess of the adjacent block of one vertical hole, while these holes are located on opposite sides of the recesses or at least one of these holes sty located opposite at least one of the recesses, characterized in that the walls of the through holes and grooves formed in a direction from one a bed faces to the other in the form of fragments of the surface of a truncated pyramid or cone whose imaginary apex or base of which are located beside one of the bed faces. 2. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that the recesses in the plan are in the form of a semicircle or semi-ellipse, or a half-rectangle. 3. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical hole in the cross section has the shape of a triangle or rectangle, or a polyhedron, or a circle, or an ellipse. 4. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertical hole in the cross section has the shape of a triangle or rectangle, or a polyhedron, the inner corners of which are rounded. 5. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that the protrusions are made on one bonded face of the block, and the corresponding depressions are made on the other bonded face. 6. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that the protrusions are made on one of the bed faces of the block, and the corresponding depressions are made on the other bed face. 7. The block according to claim 1, characterized in that, at least in one of the vertical holes of the block an insert of heat-insulating material is installed. 8. A building block for spoon masonry, the basis of the formation of which is a rectangular parallelepiped, with spoon, poke and bed faces, provided with at least two rows of voids, each of which is located along the spoon face and in each of which the void is formed through or at least one emptiness, opposite which open recesses are formed on the bump faces, characterized in that the size of the hole measured on the upper surface of the bed side along an imaginary line drawn parallel to the spoon side, is greater than the sum of the depths of the recesses on the butt edges measured along the same line by an amount equal to the thickness of the mortar layer between the building blocks during masonry, and the size of the hole measured on the bottom the surface of the bed face along an imaginary line drawn parallel to the spoon-shaped face is greater than the sum of the depths of the recesses on the butt edges measured along the same line by an amount equal to the thickness of the solution layer between building blocks for masonry and a value equal to the sum of the deviations in wall recesses of the held vertically and perpendicular to the plane faces of the stretcher from a point on the hole on the upper wall of a bed face. 9. A building block for spoon masonry, the basis of the formation of which is a rectangular parallelepiped, with spoon, poke and bed faces, provided with at least two rows of voids, each of which is located along the spoon face and in each of which the voids are formed by two through or through holes with the same shape in plan view, and at least one void is formed between said rows through or through holes, opposite which openings are formed on the butt faces sistent with the thickness of webs between the holes in each row as measured on the top surface of a bed faces along an imaginary line drawn parallel to the stretcher faces, larger than the sum of thicknesses between the webs holes and the surface of the bonded faces, measured along the same line, by an amount equal to the thickness of the mortar layer between the building blocks during masonry, and the thickness of the bridge between the holes in each row, measured on the lower surface of the bed side along an imaginary line drawn parallel to the spoon side, is greater the sum of the thicknesses of the bridges between the holes and the surface of the bonded faces, measured along the same line, by an amount equal to the thickness of the mortar layer between the building blocks when laying and the amount of the off neny hole walls from the plane drawn vertically and perpendicularly faces the stretcher from a point on the hole on the upper wall of a bed face.