RU2789780C1 - Universal construction block - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of construction, namely to the construction of building blocks or bricks, and can be used in the erection of walls of buildings and structures. The universal building block has a symmetrical H-shape and consists of two walls with holes connected by a jumper. On each wall, ebbs are made asymmetrically to each other, directed at a right angle into the block. Three pairs of vertical grooves are made symmetrically on the bridge on both sides, one pair of grooves is located in the center of the bridge, and the other two are located at the edges. Chamfers are made at the junctions of the walls and the lintel; through holes are made in the web between the vertical grooves.

EFFECT: reduction of the range of building blocks for the construction of walls due to the use of one standard size of a universal building block of a certain shape with increased voidness, mechanical strength and the possibility of dividing it into parts, which also allows it to be used for cladding and filling with thermal insulation; ensuring high manufacturability of the universal building block due to its division into separate parts (two walls with ebbs and a lintel), ensuring the construction of various masonry walls, as well as the possibility of its manufacture by various methods, including the method for plastic molding and semi-dry pressing from ceramic masses, and also by the method for vibrocompression from various masses.

6 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, namely the construction of building blocks or bricks, and can be used in the erection of walls of buildings and structures.

When building walls from building blocks or bricks, it becomes necessary to use not a whole block (brick), but part of it. To do this, the block (brick) is divided into parts.

Known solid brick according to GOST 530-2012. Dividing it into parts is quite problematic. Brick can crumble, crack. The fault line will be uneven. The same GOST describes bricks with voids (through and non-through, cylindrical and rectangular, vertical and horizontal), which are easier to separate than solid ones. However, it should be noted that the destruction of the brick is also possible here.

Various porous ceramic blocks are known, including the Porotherm 51 Premium ceramic porous block produced by Wienerberger, which has diamond-shaped voids and is used for the construction of external walls.

The disadvantage of this block is the impossibility of dividing it into parts, for example, when laying corners. To do this, it is necessary to use additional ceramic porous blocks "Porotherm 51 Ch Premium". Also, the disadvantage of the block is its large mass, which is 17.5 kg, which makes the masonry process quite laborious and requires the use of auxiliary tools and fixtures.

Known building block, which is based on the formation of a rectangular parallelepiped, with spoon, butt and bed faces, which contains parallel and distantly spaced plates connected to each other by jumpers. The jumper between one two plates is located with an offset to one bond face with respect to the jumper between two other adjacent plates, offset to the other bond face. In this block, each two adjacent plates are connected by a bridge to form a U-shaped part, the outer plates of which are spoon faces, and the inner ones are interconnected by an additional bridge dividing the zone between the U-shaped parts into two open cavities of different volume, the smaller of which located on the side of the bonding face, on which the open cavities of the U-shaped parts extend (according to the patent RU 2525243, E04C 1/00, E04C 2/02, publ. 10.08.2014).

Known building block for the construction of the wall, which contains at least three vertical parallel partitions. Each of the baffles is connected to the adjacent baffle by a web, thereby forming a pair of facing open recesses on each side of the web. Each of the jumpers connecting the partitions is offset from any adjacent jumper in the masonry block (according to US patent 20110258957, E04C 1/00, E04C 2/30, publ. 27.10.2011).

The disadvantage of these blocks is that the division of the block into parts is not provided. When separating them, it is impossible to ensure the vertical direction of the fault line of the bulkhead due to the fragility of the walls, which can break when trying to separate. It should also be noted the complexity and limitations in the methods of molding in the manufacture of these blocks.

As a prototype for the proposed invention, according to the technical essence and the achieved technical result, a brick connection system was chosen, which is a brickwork consisting of five main types of bricks and several auxiliary bricks. It has the ability to build a bridge interlocking cavity and groove wall system in one go, eliminating the traditional cavity brick construction, and does not require a binder such as mortar between brick courses depending on the design. Between each row of bricks there is a vertical brick block, and between every second row of bricks there is a horizontal brick block. One row of bricks includes an "H" brick, and a "U" corner brick is the same length as the "H" brick and half the outer width. The overlay brick course includes a "0" brick having an exterior length and width similar to an "H" brick, and a "Key" brick that, in addition to vertical blocking, provides horizontal blocking when the brick wall changes direction. Its external dimensions are half the length of the "H" brick (and the "0" brick) and the same width. The depth of the brick may be different. The brick has vertical and horizontal recesses for mortar (according to the patent AU 2011235975, E04B 2/06, E04B 2/02, E04B 2/16, publ. 12.10.2011).

The disadvantage of the solution according to the specified prototype is that for laying walls it is necessary to have a range of five sizes of bricks that differ in size, shape, configuration and have an increased weight. Separation of bricks is not provided. Products cannot be made by plastic pressing.

The technical result, to which the present invention is directed, is to reduce the range of building blocks for the construction of walls by using one standard size of a universal building block of a certain shape with increased voidness, mechanical strength and the possibility of dividing it into parts, allowing it to be used also for cladding and filling with thermal insulation. An additional technical result is the provision of high manufacturability of the universal building block due to the possibility of its manufacture by various methods, including the method of plastic molding and semi-dry pressing from ceramic masses, as well as the vibrocompression method from various masses.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the universal building block has a symmetrical H-shaped shape and consists of two walls with holes connected by a jumper, and differs in that on each wall asymmetrically to each other there are ebbs directed at right angles into the block; on the jumper, three pairs of vertical grooves are made symmetrically on both sides, one pair of grooves is located in the center of the jumper, and the other two are located at the edges; chamfers are made at the junctions of the walls and the lintel; through holes are made in the web between the vertical grooves.

In addition, the distance from each vertical groove to the nearest opening in the web may be 2 to 5 mm.

In addition, the central hole in the jumper can be made round, and the outer ones - elliptical.

In addition, a through hole can be made in the ebb, and a vertical groove is made at the junction of the ebb with the wall on the inner side.

In addition, between the walls on the sides of the jumper, additional jumpers can be made, in the center of which, on each side, symmetrically vertical grooves are made.

In addition, the block can be made by plastic molding from ceramic masses.

The present invention is illustrated by the following drawings, which show a particular case of its implementation:

Fig. 1 - universal building block, axonometry;

Fig. 2 - universal building block, top view;

Fig. 3 - universal building block with additional jumpers;

Fig. 4 - universal building block, separation option, top view;

Fig. 5 - universal building block, separation option, top view;

Fig. 6 - masonry walls from universal building blocks;

Fig. 7 - masonry walls from universal building blocks.

Block building universal 1 (figure 1, 2) has a symmetrical H-shaped shape and consists of two walls 2 with holes 3 connected by a jumper 4. At the junction of the walls 2 and jumper 4 chamfers 5 are made. On the jumper 4 symmetrically on both sides three pairs of vertical grooves 6 are made, between which through holes are made: a round hole 7 in the center and elliptical holes 8 along the edges. On each wall 2, ebbs 9 are made asymmetrically to each other, directed at a right angle into the block. Through holes 10 are made in the ebb 9, and at the junction of the ebb 9 with the wall 2, a vertical groove 11 is made on the inner side.

Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the block with additional jumpers 12, in the center of which symmetrically vertical grooves 13 are made on each side. The purpose of additional jumpers is to maintain the shape of the block during its manufacture. During the technological cycle, when the block is dried, it shrinks and a crack forms between the grooves 13, therefore, in the future, additional bridges do not interfere with the separation of the block.

Grooves 6 and 11 serve to precisely divide block 1 into parts that can be used as separate products if necessary. Examples of possible separation are shown in figures 4 and 5.

Application.

Block building universal used for the construction of walls, interior partitions, etc. Blocks 1 are stacked in rows on top of each other in a checkerboard pattern and fastened with mortar (Fig.6, 7). To make corners and increase the width of the wall, it is divided into parts 14. Part 14 is turned 90 degrees along the vertical axis and installed on the mortar.

A variant of laying a wall with a thickness less than the thickness of the block is shown in Fig.8.

Grooves 6 and holes 7, 8 arranged in pairs in bridge 4, as well as hole 10 and groove 11 in ebb 9, serve to accurately separate the block, prevent its destruction and provide a smooth edge at the separation point. To implement this possibility and maintain the strength of the block, it is advisable to make holes and grooves at a distance of 2 to 5 mm.

Holes 3, 7, 8, 10 are used for filling with mortar, thermal insulation material or fittings.

The design of the block is manufacturable and allows its implementation by various methods, including the methods of plastic molding from ceramic masses, semi-dry pressing from various masses, and vibrocompression.

Thus, the solutions presented in the invention make it possible to reduce the range of building blocks for erecting walls by using one standard size with increased voidness, mechanical strength and the possibility of dividing it into parts, allow it to be used for cladding and filling with thermal insulation, while the design of the block ensures its manufacturability manufacturing in various ways, and thereby ensure the achievement of a technical result.

Claims (6)

1. Universal building block, having a symmetrical H-shape and consisting of two walls with holes connected by a jumper, characterized in that on each wall asymmetrically to each other, ebbs are made, directed at right angles into the block; on the jumper, three pairs of vertical grooves are made symmetrically on both sides, one pair of grooves is located in the center of the jumper, and the other two are located at the edges; chamfers are made at the junctions of the walls and the lintel; through holes are made in the web between the vertical grooves. 2. Block according to claim 1, characterized in that the distance from each vertical groove to the nearest hole in the web is from 2 to 5 mm. 3. The block according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the central hole in the jumper is made round, and the outer ones are elliptical. 4. Block according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a through hole is made in the ebb, and a vertical groove is made at the junction of the ebb with the wall on the inside. 5. Block according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that additional bridges are made between the walls on the sides of the jumper, in the center of which symmetrically vertical grooves are made on each side. 6. Block according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it is made by plastic molding, semi-dry pressing from ceramic masses, or by vibrocompression from various masses.

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