RU2749233C1 - Wall opening lintel, a method of overlapping a wall opening - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to the field of construction, namely to a lintel of a wall opening and a method of its installation. The lintel of the wall opening is made in the form of a longitudinal row of aerated concrete blocks, interconnected by an end mounting joint using an adhesive composition. The method of overlapping a wall opening consists in the phased production of a lintel of a wall opening during the laying of walls and includes the following sequence of actions. The end and middle aerated concrete blocks of the lintel are formed. The installation of the end aerated concrete blocks of the lintel is carried out with the support surface on the support zones; the first upper row of walls is erected above the lintel to the place of the support zone of the end blocks of the lintel. The middle lintel block is installed with an end inclined surface on the inclined surface of the end lintel blocks; the upper row of masonry above the lintel is laid and the upper rows of the wall are laid to the required height.

EFFECT: labour intensity of assembling is decreased.

6 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, namely to the construction of a lintel of a wall opening, and can be used in residential, as well as industrial and civil construction when arranging wall openings of premises.

Known solution RU 8715 U1 "Jumper of the wall opening of a brick building", IPC E04C 3/02 containing a reinforced concrete core placed in a ceramic shell, consisting of separate ceramic elements. The ceramic shell is made in the form of a row of identical ceramic elements docked by their end faces and interconnected by metal rods, while each ceramic element of the shell is made in the form of a parallelepiped with dimensions equal to the dimensions of the brick and has a central through longitudinal cavity, a longitudinal groove connected to it, made on the upper edge of the parallelepiped along its entire length, and longitudinal through holes located in pairs relative to the axis of symmetry of the element for the passage of metal rods, and the reinforced concrete core is made in the form of a filler in the cavity of a ceramic shell formed by aligned central through cavities and longitudinal grooves of the joined ceramic elements of the shell.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is a large material consumption, and therefore a high production cost, high labor intensity of installation due to the complex connection of individual ceramic elements, which requires symmetrical longitudinal holes in ceramic elements for the use of connecting metal rods and the presence of cavities with grooves in ceramic elements for pouring a binder concrete mortar, the large weight of the lintel due to the use of metal rods and a concrete core. (RU 8715 U1, http://new.fips.ru).

Known solution RU 2327844 C2 "Reinforced stone bulkhead for wall openings", IPC E04C 3/02 containing a masonry structure made of conditionally effective brick and reinforcing its spatial reinforcement cage. The stretched working reinforcement of the spatial frame is placed in the holes of the conditionally effective brick and is sealed with a cement-sand mortar of higher grades, while the upper row of bricks of the bulkhead structure is installed on the edge to ensure its best resistance to the main compressive force.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is a large material consumption, and therefore a high production cost, high labor intensity of installation due to linking the bricks of the lintel with each other using a reinforcing cage, a large weight of the lintel due to the use of a large number of bricks in the lintel structure and the connecting reinforcing cage. (RU 2327844 C2, http://new.fips.ru).

Of the known technical solutions, the closest in purpose and technical essence to the claimed object is the solution SU 1778258 A1 "Building lintel", IPC E04C 3/02 containing wood concrete blocks laid in a spacer, which is created by wedges laid in the recesses. extreme blocks laid above the wall A board or timber is fixed on top of the blocks with nails or bolts A metal strip or corner is nailed on the sides of the blocks in the lower part of them, the length of each of which is less than the length of the opening.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is the high labor intensity of installation due to the use of wedges for spacer arbolite blocks of the lintel, the large weight of the lintel due to the use of arbolite blocks. (SU 1778258 A1, http://new.fips.ru).

The essence of the invention

The task to which the claimed solution is directed is the development of a method for forming a lintel of a wall opening on the basis of existing building materials, which will have a low weight, a simple process and a short installation time, a minimum amount of building materials in its structure.

The task is solved due to the fact that the lintel of the wall opening consists of aerated concrete blocks having a relatively lower weight in front of other building materials (brick, wood concrete block, etc.), which are located in the form of a longitudinal row and are interconnected by an end mounting connection using adhesive composition. The dimensions and weight of the aerated concrete block make it possible to manufacture a lintel with a high erection speed and reduce the amount of building material used, and the easy workability of aerated concrete blocks with a hand tool allows the use of various assembly joints in combination with an adhesive composition to connect the blocks to each other without using additional materials in the lintel structure, which reduces the labor intensity of installation, reduces the material consumption of the bulkhead manufacturing.

The web (1) of FIG. 1 of the wall opening is made in the form of a longitudinal row of aerated concrete blocks, which are interconnected by an end assembly connection using an adhesive composition.

Extreme aerated concrete blocks (1.1) Fig. 1, the jumpers (1) on the lower edge have a rebate (1.1.2), which gives the extreme blocks (1.1) an L-shape. This design allows the lintel (1) to be on the same level with the masonry of the walls (2) in FIG. 4 and get the clearance of the wall opening equal to the requirements of building codes.

The remaining part of the lower surface of the extreme aerated concrete blocks (1.1) in Fig. 1 in the form of a protrusion forms a support surface (1.1.1), with which the extreme blocks (1.1) rest on the piers (2) of FIG. 1 at the location of the support zone (2.1) of FIG. 2 under the lintel (1) Figs 1, 2, 3. The end surface of the extreme aerated concrete blocks (1.1) of Fig. 1, on the side of the seam (1.1.2), has a straight bevel in the direction from the upper edge to the lower edge of the aerated concrete block (1.1) formed by the seam (1.1.2), thereby forming an inclined support surface (1.1.3) for the middle block ( 1.2) jumpers (1). The length of the upper edge of the extreme aerated concrete blocks (1.1) is less than the length of the lower edge of the extreme blocks (1.1), which is formed by the fold (1.1.2) and the supporting surface (1.1.1).

Middle aerated concrete block (1.2) fig. 1 of the lintel (1) has the shape of an isosceles trapezoid and is located in the lintel (1) with a face with a smaller area downwards, and the height of the middle block (1.2) is equal to the height of the extreme blocks (1.1) of the lintel (1) from the lower plane formed by the fold (1.1.2) to the upper plane of the aerated concrete block (1.1). This design allows the middle block (1.2) to exert a wedging effect on the extreme blocks (1.1) of the lintel (1), which prevents the blocks from falling out into the opening. The middle aerated concrete block (1.2) is mated by the end inclined surfaces (1.2.1) with the inclined surfaces (1.1.3) of the extreme aerated concrete blocks (1.1) of the lintel (1) using an adhesive composition.

The structure of the bulkhead (1) of Fig. 1 works in bending, and the aerated concrete bulkhead blocks (1) experience a wedging force that prevents them from falling out into the opening.

Installation of the bulkhead (1) fig. 1 is carried out simultaneously with the laying of the walls (2) of FIG. 2, 3, 4. The length of the assembled web (1) of FIG. 1 depends on the width of the wall opening.

The dimensions of the finished building aerated concrete block used to create the lintel (1) Fig. 1 and the walls (2) of FIG. 2 are: length - 100%, height - 40% of the length of the finished building block, width - 64% of the length of the finished building block. The dimension of the length of the support zone (2.1) in Fig. 2 from the edge of the opening for supporting the extreme aerated concrete blocks (1.1) of FIG. 3 bridges (1) of FIG. 1 is 50% of the length of the finished building block. Rebate size (1.1.2) fig. 1 on the lower surface of the extreme aerated concrete blocks (1.1) in length is equal to 38.8% of the length of the finished building block, in height - 16% of the length of the finished building block. The length of the upper edge of the extreme aerated concrete block (1.1) is equal to 72% of the length of the finished building block. The length of the bottom edge of the extreme block (1.1), which is formed by the rebate (1.1.2) and the support surface (1.1.1), is equal to 88.8% of the length of the finished building block.

With the width of the wall opening equal to 144% of the length of the finished building block, the length of the edge of the middle block (1.2) in Fig. 1 of the lintel (1), which is located above the opening is equal to 66.4% of the length of the finished building block, and the length of the opposite face is equal to 100% of the length of the finished building block. The first top row of masonry above the lintel (1) contains blocks 86% of the length of the finished building block of FIG. 4. Above the place of the support zone (2.1) of the extreme aerated concrete blocks (1.1) of the lintel (1), a block with a length of 86% of the length of the finished building block is installed so that a part of the block equal to the length of 36% of the length of the finished building block rests on the extreme aerated concrete block ( 1.1) jumpers (1) of Fig. 3. This design makes it possible to place two more aerated concrete blocks 86% of the length of the finished building block above the lintel (1) in such a way that their interface with each other in the form of a vertical glue seam is exactly in the middle of the edge length of the middle block (1.2) of the lintel (1 ) Fig. 4. In the second top row of masonry above the lintel (1), a block with a length of 44% of the length of the finished building block is installed, so that the vertical seam of two mated blocks of the first row above the lintel (1), which is located in the middle of the length of the edge of the middle block ( 1.2) of the lintel (1) was located in the center of the lower surface of the block 44% of the length of the finished building block, since this allows the use of aerated concrete blocks with a length equal to 100% on both sides of the block 44% of the length of the finished building block.

When the width of the wall opening is equal to 112% of the length of the finished building block, the length of the edge of the middle block (1.2) in Fig. 1 of the lintel (1), which is located above the opening is equal to 34.4% of the length of the finished building block, and the length of the opposite face is equal to 68% of the length of the finished building block. Above the place of the support zone (2.1) of the extreme aerated concrete blocks (1.1) of the lintel (1), a block with a length of 100% is installed so that a part of the block equal to 50% of the length of the finished building block rests on the extreme aerated concrete block (1.1) of the lintel (1) Fig. ... 3. This design allows you to place two more aerated concrete blocks 56% of the length of the finished building block above the lintel (1) in such a way that their interface with each other in the form of a vertical glue seam is exactly in the middle of the length of the edge of the middle block (1.2) of the lintel (1 ) Fig. 4. In the second top row of masonry above the lintel (1), a block 56% of the length of the finished building block is installed so that the vertical seam of two mated blocks of the first row above the lintel (1), which is located in the middle of the length of the edge of the middle block ( 1.2) of the lintel (1) was located in the center of the lower surface of the block 56% of the length of the finished building block, as this allows the use of one aerated concrete block with a length of 78% of the length of the finished building block on both sides of the block 56% of the length of the finished building block building block with subsequent application from a block with a length of 78% of the length of the finished building block of blocks equal to 100% in length.

The method of overlapping the wall opening consists in the phased production of the lintel (1) of the wall opening during the laying of the walls (2) of FIG. 2, 3, 4 and includes the following sequence of actions.

The walls (2) of FIG. 2 from aerated concrete blocks to the border of the support zone (2.1) of the extreme blocks (1.1) of the bulkhead (1).

Next, the end blocks (1.1) of FIG. 1 jumpers (1). Take the aerated concrete block (1.1) and cut off a part of the block (1.1) lengthwise using a cross-section. Then a fold is made on the bottom edge (1.1.2). On the end surface of the block (1.1) from the fold side (1.1.2), an inclined surface (1.1.3) is formed. Next, prepare the middle block (1.2) of the lintel (1). Take an aerated concrete block (1.2) and, using a longitudinal cut, cut off a part of the block (1.2) in height so that the height of the middle block (1.2) of the lintel (1) is equal to the height of the extreme blocks (1.1) of the lintel (1) from the lower plane formed by the fold (1.1 .2) to the upper plane of the aerated concrete block (1.1), which is opposite to the fold (1.1.2). Further, the end surfaces (1.2.1) of the middle block (1.2) of the bulkhead (1) are made inclined so that the block (1.2) takes the shape of an isosceles trapezoid and has a face with a smaller area.

After the support zones (2.1) of FIG. 2 for the installation of the extreme aerated concrete blocks (1.1) Fig. 1 the lintels (1) are coated with an adhesive and the extreme blocks (1.1) of the lintel (1) are installed with the support surface (1.1.1) on the support zones (2.1) of FIG. 2. Next, the first upper row of walls (2) of FIG. 3 above the lintel (1) to the place of the support zone (2.1) of the outermost blocks (1.1) of the lintel (1). The aerated concrete block of the first upper row above the support zone (2.1) of the outermost block (1.1) of the lintel (1) is installed in such a way that a part of the block lies on the outermost block (1.1) of the lintel (1) of Fig. 3. Then the adhesive is applied to the inclined surface (1.1.3) of FIG. 3 extreme aerated concrete blocks (1.1) of the lintel (1) and install the middle block (1.2) of the lintel (1) with an end inclined surface (1.2.1) on the inclined surface (1.1.3) of the extreme blocks (1.1) of the lintel (1) so that the edge the middle block (1.2) with a smaller area was directed downward.

After that, an adhesive composition is applied to the upper edge of the blocks (1.1), (1.2) of the lintel (1) and the end surfaces of aerated concrete blocks, which are located above the support zone (2.1) of the extreme blocks (1.1) of the lintel (1) and report the upper row of masonry above the lintel ( 1) Fig. 4. Next, the upper rows of the wall are laid to the required height.

The technical result consists in creating a lintel of a wall opening with a low weight due to the use of aerated concrete blocks in the lintel structure, which are located in the form of a longitudinal row and are interconnected by an end mounting connection using an adhesive composition, reducing the complexity of installation due to the size and weight of the aerated concrete block, as well as easy machinability of the blocks with hand tools, in reducing the material consumption of the lintel production due to the use of an assembly joint in combination with an adhesive for interfacing the lintel blocks with each other without using additional materials in the lintel construction.

Brief Description of Drawings:

in fig. 1 is a schematic representation of the lintel of a wall opening made of aerated concrete blocks. Isometric view;

in fig. 2 is a schematic representation of the walls with the support zone of the outermost aerated concrete bulkhead blocks. General form;

in fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the walls with the outermost bulkhead blocks installed. General form;

in fig. 4 is a schematic representation of a fragment of a wall made of aerated concrete blocks with a lintel. General form;

Brief description of structural elements:

1 - jumper;

1.1 - extreme aerated concrete block;

1.1.1 - supporting surface;

1.1.2 - fold;

1.1.3 - inclined surface;

1.2 - medium aerated concrete block;

1.2.1 - inclined surface;

2 - pier;

2.1 - support zone; Implementation of the declared decision:

When creating the walls (2), Fig. 2 with an opening 900 mm wide and the lintel (1) of FIG. 1, ready-made aerated concrete blocks are used, the dimensions of which are: length - 625 mm, height - 250 mm, width - 400 mm. The dimension of the length of the support zone (2.1) in Fig. 2 from the edge of the opening for supporting the extreme aerated concrete blocks (1.1) of FIG. 3 bridges (1) of FIG. 1 is made equal to 312.5 mm. Rebate size (1.1.2) fig. 1 on the lower surface of the extreme aerated concrete blocks (1.1) is made equal to 242.5 mm in length and -100 mm in height. The length of the upper edge of the extreme aerated concrete block (1.1) is made equal to 450 mm. The length of the bottom edge of the end block (1.1), which is formed by the fold (1.1.2) and the support surface (1.1.1), is made equal to 555 mm. The length of the face of the middle block (1.2) in Fig. 1 of the lintel (1), which is located above the opening, is made equal to 415 mm, and the length of the opposite face is made equal to 625 mm. In the first upper row of masonry above the lintel (1), blocks with a length of 537.5 mm are installed, Fig. 4. Above the place of the support zone (2.1) of the extreme aerated concrete blocks (1.1) of the lintel (1), a block 537.5 mm long is installed so that a part of the block equal to the length of 225 mm rests on the extreme aerated concrete block (1.1) of the lintel (1) of Fig. 3. Next, install two aerated concrete blocks with a length of 537.5 mm above the lintel (1) so that their interface with each other in the form of a vertical glue seam is exactly in the middle of the edge length of the middle block (1.2) of the lintel (1) of Fig. 4. In the second upper row of masonry above the lintel (1), install a block 275 mm long so that the vertical seam of two mated blocks of the first row above the lintel (1), which is located in the middle of the edge length of the middle block (1.2) of the lintel (1) ) was located in the center of the lower surface of the 275 mm long block. Then, aerated concrete blocks 625 mm long are installed on both sides of the 275 mm long block.

When creating the walls (2), Fig. 2 with an opening of 700 mm wide and the lintel (1) of FIG. 1, ready-made building aerated concrete blocks are used, the dimensions of which are: length - 625 mm, height - 250 mm, width - 400 mm. The dimension of the length of the support zone (2.1) in Fig. 2 from the edge of the opening for supporting the extreme aerated concrete blocks (1.1) of FIG. 3 bridges (1) of FIG. 1 is made equal to 312.5 mm. Rebate size (1.1.2) fig. 1 on the lower surface of the extreme aerated concrete blocks (1.1) is made equal to 242.5 mm in length and -100 mm in height. The length of the upper edge of the extreme aerated concrete block (1.1) is made equal to 450 mm. The length of the bottom edge of the end block (1.1), which is formed by the fold (1.1.2) and the support surface (1.1.1), is made equal to 555 mm. The length of the face of the middle block (1.2) in Fig. 1 of the lintel (1), which is located above the opening, is made equal to 215 mm, and the length of the opposite face is made equal to 425 mm. Above the place of the support zone (2.1) of the extreme aerated concrete blocks (1.1) of the lintel (1), a block with a length of 625 mm is installed so that a part of the block equal to the length of 312.5 mm rests on the extreme aerated concrete block (1.1) of the lintel (1) Fig. 3. Next, two aerated concrete blocks with a length of 350 mm are installed above the lintel (1) in such a way that their interface with each other in the form of a vertical glue seam is exactly in the middle of the edge length of the middle block (1.2) of the lintel (1) of Fig. 4. In the second upper row of masonry above the lintel (1), install a 350 mm long block so that the vertical seam of two mated blocks of the first row above the lintel (1), which is located in the middle of the edge length of the middle block (1.2) of the lintel (1 ) was located in the center of the lower surface of a 350 mm long block. Then one aerated concrete block with a length of 487.5 mm is installed on both sides of a block with a length of 350 mm, followed by installation of blocks with a length of 625 mm from a block with a length of 487.5 mm.

The method of overlapping a wall opening includes the following sequence of actions.

Initially, the walls (2) of FIG. 2 from aerated concrete blocks to the border of the support zone (2.1) of the extreme blocks (1.1) of the bulkhead (1).

Next, the end blocks (1.1) of FIG. 1 jumpers (1). Take the aerated concrete block (1.1) and cut off a part of the block (1.1) lengthwise using a cross-section. Then a fold is made on the bottom edge (1.1.2). On the end surface of the block (1.1) from the fold side (1.1.2), an inclined surface (1.1.3) is formed. Next, prepare the middle block (1.2) of the lintel (1). Take an aerated concrete block (1.2) and, using a longitudinal cut, cut off a part of the block (1.2) in height so that the height of the middle block (1.2) of the lintel (1) is equal to the height of the extreme blocks (1.1) of the lintel (1) from the lower plane formed by the fold (1.1 .2) to the upper plane of the aerated concrete block (1.1), which is opposite to the fold (1.1.2). Further, the end surfaces (1.2.1) of the middle block (1.2) of the bulkhead (1) are made inclined so that the block (1.2) takes the shape of an isosceles trapezoid and has a face with a smaller area.

After the support zones (2.1) of FIG. 2 for the installation of the extreme aerated concrete blocks (1.1) Fig. 1 the lintels (1) are coated with an adhesive and the extreme blocks (1.1) of the lintel (1) are installed with the support surface (1.1.1) on the support zones (2.1) of FIG. 2. Next, the first upper row of walls (2) of FIG. 3 above the lintel (1) to the place of the support zone (2.1) of the outermost blocks (1.1) of the lintel (1). The aerated concrete block of the first upper row above the support zone (2.1) of the outermost block (1.1) of the lintel (1) is installed in such a way that a part of the block lies on the outermost block (1.1) of the lintel (1) of Fig. 3. Then the adhesive is applied to the inclined surface (1.1.3) of FIG. 3 extreme aerated concrete blocks (1.1) of the lintel (1) and install the middle block (1.2) of the lintel (1) with an end inclined surface (1.2.1) on the inclined surface (1.1.3) of the extreme blocks (1.1) of the lintel (1) so that the edge the middle block (1.2) with a smaller area was directed downward.

After that, an adhesive composition is applied to the upper edge of the blocks (1.1), (1.2) of the lintel (1) and the end surfaces of aerated concrete blocks, which are located above the support zone (2.1) of the extreme blocks (1.1) of the lintel (1) and report the upper row of masonry above the lintel ( 1) fig. 4. Next, the upper rows of the wall are laid to the required height.

Claims (6)

1. The lintel of the wall opening, including aerated concrete blocks, characterized in that the extreme aerated concrete blocks of the lintel are L-shaped, on the lower edge the extreme lintel blocks have a seam and a supporting surface in the form of a protrusion, the end surface of the extreme lintel blocks, from the seam side, has a rectilinear bevel in the direction from the upper edge to the lower edge of the aerated concrete block formed by the seam, the upper edge of the extreme aerated concrete blocks of the lintel has a length less than the length of the lower edge of the extreme blocks, which is formed by the seam and the supporting surface, the middle block of the lintel has the shape of an isosceles trapezoid, the middle block of the lintel has a height equal to the height of the edge blocks of the lintel from the lower plane formed by the rebate to the upper plane of the aerated concrete block. 2. A lintel according to claim 1, characterized in that the fold has a length equal to 38.8% of the length of the finished building block, in height - 16% of the length of the finished building block. 3. A lintel according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the upper edge of the extreme aerated concrete block has a size equal to 72% of the length of the finished building block. 4. A lintel according to claim. 1, characterized in that the length of the lower edge of the extreme block, which is formed by the rebate, and the supporting surface has a size equal to 88.8% of the length of the finished building block. 5. A lintel according to claim 1, characterized in that the length of the supporting surface of the end blocks has a size equal to 50% of the length of the finished building block. 6. A method of creating a wall opening overlap, including the laying of walls and lintels from aerated concrete blocks, characterized in that to form the outermost blocks of the lintel, an aerated concrete block is taken and a part of the block is cut using a cross section along the length, then a fold is made on the bottom edge, on the end surface block from the seam side form an inclined surface, to form the middle block of the lintel, take an aerated concrete block and use a longitudinal cut to cut a part of the block in height so that the height of the central block of the lintel is equal to the height of the outer blocks of the lintel from the lower plane formed by the seam to the upper plane of the aerated concrete block , which is located opposite to the fold, then the end surfaces of the middle block of the lintel are made inclined, after the support zones for the installation of the extreme aerated concrete blocks are coated with adhesive and the extreme lintel blocks are installed with the support surface on the support zones, then the first upper a row of walls above the lintel to the place of the support zone of the outermost lintel blocks, the aerated concrete block of the first upper row above the support zone of the outermost block of the lintel is installed in such a way that part of the block lies on the extreme lintel block, then an adhesive composition is applied to the inclined surface of the extreme aerated concrete blocks of the lintel and the middle the lintel block with an end inclined surface on the inclined surface of the extreme lintel blocks so that the edge of the middle block with a smaller area is directed downward, then an adhesive composition is applied to the upper face of the lintel blocks and the end surfaces of aerated concrete blocks, which are located above the support zone of the extreme lintel blocks and report the upper a row of masonry above the lintel, then the upper rows of the wall are laid to the required height.

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