RU1103384C - Method of obtaining feed additive from intanned waste of leather manufacture - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to methods for producing protein products from non-edible fat-containing raw materials of animal origin and can be used in the production of feed for farm animals to meet their need for protein feed.

Non-food raw materials of animal origin are, in particular, tannery wastes in the form of untreated sections of hides, lumps, etc.

Several different methods are known for treating non-edible fat-containing raw materials of animal origin to produce feed from them. Thus, for example, a method is known for producing an additive from tanning wastes, according to which the feedstock is preliminarily crushed and washed, and then subjected to a long heat and moisture treatment. As a result of this method, collagen (the main protein of tanning waste products) T1 passes into a solution with the formation of an adhesive broth that is very difficult to dry. Therefore, it is degreased and then the fat-free broth is dried and a protein product of the following composition is obtained;

Protein65-71

Fat (with acid number

26-30, peroxide value

do1) -20-12;

Inorganic substances 5-6

Water10

The exchange energy (OE) of such a product is 3248-3345 kcal / kg, the energy value of 1.2-1.3 feed units (cf.).

The specified product does not fully realize the biologically complete components of the feedstock, in particular fat, which significantly reduces its nutritional value. The degreasing process, as a rule, is accompanied by additional loss of protein. As studies have shown, these losses total 40-70% of the initial amount, i.e. technology is not wasteless. In addition, a significant 4actb of the fat-soluble vitamins A, E. D present in the raw material is removed along with the fat, and the remaining part of these vitamins is destroyed in the product, which is facilitated by the oxidation products of the remaining fat resulting from its long-term processing.

There is also a known method of producing a feed additive from underexposed wastes of leather production, including preliminary coarse and then fine crushed and heat treatment of crushed raw materials in a medium of heated fat, taken in two times the amount of the raw material by weight, followed by twofold separation of fat by centrifugation and drying of fat-free masses.

In this case, a fat-free protein product with reduced nutritional properties is also obtained, and degreasing is a necessary operation, since the repeatedly circulated heated fat, which has been at high temperature for a long time, leads to a deterioration in nutritional properties, an increase in the acid number, since S During the heat treatment, the feed is mixed with fat.

In addition, the preparation of a protein product in this case is associated with significant energy costs and high fat consumption.

The aim of the invention is to obtain from non-edible fat-containing raw materials of animal origin, for example, gol. Of raw and raw meat, food supplement with high nutritional properties and high biological value.

The goal is achieved in that in a method for producing a feed additive, including washing, coarse and fine grinding of raw materials and heat treatment, heat treatment of the raw material is carried out with heated air or superheated steam having a temperature of 135-190 ° C for 120-600 s, moreover, after coarse grinding, the feed is neutralized with mineral acid.

The feed additive according to the invention is obtained in the form of granules of gray color with an odor inherent in heat-treated meat products, the diameter of the granules is 2-5 mm. During transportation, the granules are not destroyed with the formation of a dusty residue, which ensures their complete safety without causing additional losses.

A process for preparing a protein-fat product is as follows. That they take the food raw materials of animal origin, which can be, for example, waste from leather production (clay or raw meat, as well as the edge sections of pellets), and grind these products on a meat cutting machine to pieces of 5-10 cm (coarse grinding). ,

The crushed raw material in this case is neutralized with a solution of H2S04, HCI or ammonium sulfate and washed with running water. Then the raw material is fed to the m felling, in which it is dehydrated to 60-80% and

511033846

at the same time, granules with dia are formed with almost complete preservation of a total of 2-5 mm (fine grinding). Granule - the amounts of protein and fat in the woods are subjected to a one-stage feedstock, heat treatment in heated air or superheated steam at a temperature of ISS-ISO I 5 Poimer1. Golear in the amount of 120-600 s. During the heat treatment of 1000 kg, containing parts by weight: protein 10; first, the cooking of raw materials, accompanied by a fat of 8.9; inorganic substances 1.1; water is given at a temperature increase of 80, it is crushed into small slices to pieces by reducing the moisture content of the latter and about 5–10 cm in size (coarse grinding), after which HDBflOM finishes at a temperature where it is neutralized with 1% raw material 130 ° С and humidity 30-40%, and then with a solution of H2S04 to remove, there is a sharp increase in the temperature of sodium fluoride and sulfides and product ores to 136-160 ° C, simultaneously with being washed with running water. After that, by removing moisture from 30-40 to 7-10%. The raw material is fed to the chopper, in which the mat, as shown by the studies, the maximum of 15 has a hole diameter of 2 mm. In this

However, the preservation of the amount of protein and fat in the felling is carried out by grinding

feedstock in biologically complete- raw material to granules with a diameter of 2 mm (thin

HOiii form can be provided by grinding) with simultaneous extraction

the proposed method of processing raw materials, its moisture content of 60%. Granules are exposed

the deck during cooking, neutralization and 2) heat treatment with heated air at

Drying the rosette: Syrups breaking the collagen at a temperature for 120 s. In the wound and the removal of moisture ahead of the process, the result is a protein-fat propellant fat., Containing duct, parts by weight:

Pain heat treatment produce at Protein45

the temperature of the coolant is lower than 135%, then 25 fat (with an acid number the temperature of the raw material will be lower and 6, peroxide value 0.02) 40

aarka will not be completed in the indicated in-Inorganic Substances5

time interval that does not allow Water 10

. Obtaining biologically complete digestibility of products 80%. Output dVkta. With increasing temperature, the heat of the finished product is 222 kg. carrier above 190 ° C occurs

decomposition of organic constituents Analogous examples, considering feedstock, which also reduces the production method in accordance with the product’s valuable value. proposed heat treatment modes

a processing burden of less than 120 s requires a protein-fatty product from the golein. 11will terminate the process and time. hezra, similar to that given in the heat treatment above, Yumin leads to the decomposition, when $ is unity in Table 1, the organic deliveries are ход 1cod-Pr v vt m @ 2. 2. The edge sections of the skins in

raw materials ..; , the amount of 1000 kg containing wt.h.g

The resulting feed product contains,, Fat4.9

lives in its composition fat-soluble vich. Inorganic substances1.5

tamyns A, D, E, in approximate quantity | water $ .80

27.6; 0.6; f8.5: integral units / F cor- are crushed on a miter cut to pieces times a. - .45 measure 5-TO cm; then served in the long boat, where

- These vitamins are retained with acid and washed with running water, biological activity due to the absence. After this, the raw materials are fed to the sorbic acid processes of fat, which is why seiche. in which the Matrix is installed with a diameter of its low oxygen values of 5 mm holes. At this felling of lot and peroxid numbers. Availability . grinding the raw material into granules of the mentioned vitamins also increases the biomass with a diameter of 5 mm with the simultaneous rheological value of the obtained without oxygen to a moisture content of 80%. Then the granules of the semi-feed product.; Verga.yut heat treatment heated

Exchange of energy offered, p. 600s. The result is a protein-fatty product of 4024-5453 kcal / kg energy product1 | pg, containing, parts by weight: heterologous nutritional value of 1.46-2.09 kb protein Belok61

This ratio of components in high fat (with a kirlotnadm number of 3.9,

dried product can be provided with peroxide “shell 0,024) 22

40 Protein 13.6

 ;, they are neutralized with a 1% sulfuric solution

65 air at a temperature over

Inorganic substances7

Water10

The yield of finished product 222 kg.

Similar examples that consider the method of obtaining a protein-fat product in accordance with the proposed heat treatment regimes from the edge sections of the skins, similar to that given in this example, are summarized in Table 2.

As can be seen from Tables 1 and 2, the heat treatment carried out at a coolant temperature (Nfe 1,2 and 3) for 600 or 840 ° C does not make it possible to obtain the final product of the required quantitative composition (the amount of water exceeds 10 parts by weight) , which sharply worsens its biological value. And To obtain a product in which water is included in an amount of 10 parts by weight, a considerable amount of time is required (180 s).

Similarly, the processing of raw gfi at a temperature of 190 ° C for 60 s. (see Tables 1 and 2, No. 13) does not allow to obtain a product of the required humidity (water 22 parts by weight).

The metabolic energy of the resulting protein-fat product in comparison with the known increases by 1.5 times. In addition, the resulting product is characterized by improved fat quality indicators.

Example 3. Work is carried out to obtain feed from leather wastes using heat treatment with superheated steam. The raw materials are treated with a coolant at a temperature of 110-200 ° C, the processing time of one sample is 1-15 minutes.

The tannery wastes (raw materials and goliev, mezdra) were previously freed from toxic substances and crushed.

Biological evaluation based on experiments to determine the digestibility of fn vitro and data on the chemical composition of the resulting product showed that the treatment of co-containing waste

The use of superheated steam is effective in the temperature range 135ISO C with a heat treatment time of 2-10 minutes (see table H).

The treatment of leather wastes with superheated steam in the temperature range of 135190 ° C with a processing time of 2-10 minutes eliminated the Cohesion of particles characteristic of traditional methods of heat treatment of collagen-containing raw materials and provided it with uniform deep heating, which allowed to carry out two machines simultaneously for no more than 10 minutes process (cooking and drying) and

get the product accessible to the action of digestive tract enzymes.

The biological value of the product is enhanced by retaining the fat contained in the feed but fat with certain properties (acid number less than 10, peroxide 0.03). -In this state, fat is not only absorbed by itself

animal organism, but also allows the absorption of vitamins found in raw materials. Meanwhile, in the known methods, due to the duration of the heat exposure, the fat in the final product is not very suitable for feeding animals. They are forced to remove it and use it as technical fat. Vitamins A, E, D are removed along with fat. In addition, part of the easily soluble fat is removed along with fat.

collagen, and in the process of squeezing fat, significant losses are observed due to the small difference in volume aces of Fat and liquid. The total loss of protein and fat according to existing technologies reaches 4070%, and vitamins A. E, D up to 100%.

Litter feeding experiments showed that 2% of the feed additives of the proposed product are equivalent to 4% of the additives of existing products. Product,

obtained by the proposed method, processed and produced in the form of granules (rather than powder) with a diameter of 2-5 mm. This reduces the surface of mass transfer (oxidation) by several orders of magnitude and, as riOK experiments have examined, provides a very insignificant change in the properties of fat (acid number not more than 1-2 units, peroxide 0.05) when stored in an unsealed state for 1/2 years at

air temperature 25 ° С and its humidity 40-50%.

The method can be carried out on dryers of a fluidized, gushing or blown layer. At a coolant temperature of 135-150 ° C, drying of the flowing bed is used, at 151-170C - a fluidized bed dryer, at 171-190 ° C - rushIL1L1 of the blown layer, Other pellet processing plants are also possible, for example shaft dryers, vortex dryers, and the like.

The proposed method for producing the product provides the following advantages over existing ones:

intensification of the process by increasing the throughput of a unit is useful to equipment and simplifying the technological cycle (4 operations are reduced); simultaneous cooking-neutralization and drying processes without

overload of raw materials: there is no need for degreasing operations:; 2 times reduction in energy costs: storage; protein ORIGINAL product; an increase in the biohigh value of the product obtained in comparison with the initial concentration by 6T5 &; :: :: -v:.; - ::: - -. ;; ::.,: /, ;; /;

 Temporary technological instruction for production software. Meat and flour

technical fat on a mechanized production line with a capacity of 5 tons of raw materials per hour from Stork-Duke, Holland, approved by Mosm Somolprom on September 24, 1976

USSR copyright certificate 470296, cl. A 23 K 1/10. 1976.

Harf (T0rist 1cd of product

Table 1

gjtaijg -. jy g-j

Characterization of Protein and Fat Product

Influence of different conditions of heat treatment with superheated steam on biological value. Feed from leather waste

Table 2

Table 3

13110338414

Claims (1)

The formula of the invention to increase nutritional value SPbSSOBpluchrnm 1 prpoppy carry out heated air ADVANCED FROM 1LENO O or superheated steam having a temperature B Sir - -. Г Г g g °: siysr: g g ---- processing, characterized in that. what. with real acid. fodder add. heat treatment