RU106200U1 - OPEN WAGON HOPPER FOR CARRIAGE OF BULK CARGO - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. Hopper car open for transportation of bulk cargo, containing chassis and a body of a supporting structure, consisting of a spatial frame, side and end walls, hoppers with discharge hatches and covers of discharge hatches with mechanisms for opening and closing them; the frame of the spatial structure consists of spinal, frontal, pivot, extreme intermediate and, at least, one middle intermediate beams and side strapping; in the inner part of the car between the side walls and the middle transverse beam there are internal transverse connections, which are diagonal braces, which are usually made of plates, corners, rods, channels, beams, pipes or other structural elements; the mechanism for opening and closing the covers of unloading hatches consists of a system of longitudinal shafts with transverse two-arm and one-shoulder levers and transverse curved rods with tips, and the drive of the mechanism includes a double-acting power cylinder, on the rod of which a tip is mounted pivotally connected to the one-shoulder lever of the longitudinal shaft, characterized in that each diagonal brace is attached with its lower end on a vertical sheet of the middle transverse beam, and the upper end of each diagonal brace is attached eplen the upper harness or other element lateral walls. ! 2. The hopper car open for transportation of bulk cargo according to claim 1, characterized in that the power cylinder of the drive mechanism for opening and closing the covers of unloading hatches with a longitudinal shaft of the mechanism for pairs of bunkers adjacent along the car is installed symmetrically from different sides of the spine beam. ! 3. Wag

Description

The utility model relates to railway transport, in particular to wagons for the transport of coal, iron ore, ballast and other bulk goods that do not require protection from atmospheric precipitation.

Common to all known designs of open hopper cars is the presence of a chassis with a frame on which a bunker-type body with lower discharge hatches and mechanisms for opening and closing the covers of discharge hatches is installed (patents RU 93762 U1, 02.16.2010; RU 67942 U1, 18.06. 2007; RU 2093394 C1, 10.23.1991, etc.). Unloading mechanisms have both manual (patent RU 2192361 C2, 08/04/2000), and pneumatic drive. The power cylinders of the pneumatic drive of the mechanism for opening and closing the covers of unloading hatches are suspended hinged vertically (patent RU 2093394 C1, 10.23.1991), horizontally (patent RU 67942 U1, 06/18/2007) or inclined in the plane of the covers of the unloading hatches (AC SU 1576385 A1, 08.06 .1988). In most wagons, the unloading mechanism consists of shafts located longitudinally along the wagon, at the ends of which two-arm levers are mounted pivotally connected by curved rods to the covers of unloading hatches. Shafts are rotated through gears (AC 988619, 08/13/1981; SU 1134442, 12/19/1983) or multi-link arcuate elements (SU 1252215 A1, 04/29/1985; SU 1421586 A1, 03/03/1987; UA 81441 C2, 01/10/2008) from power cylinders of a pneumatic drive.

The main drawback of the considered designs is the insufficient body volume when transporting goods with a bulk density of 0.85 or less tons per cubic meter. The complexity of the design of the mechanism for opening and closing the covers of unloading hatches and, as a result, the great complexity of their maintenance in operation and repair.

The closest technical solution to the proposed utility model is a railway carriage with an unloading speed regulation system (RU 2380251 C2, 08.25.2004), patent holder TRINITY INDUSTRIES, INC. (US).

The hopper car has a pair of side walls and a pair of end walls mounted on the frame of the car, having a mainly rectangular shape, formed partially by a spinal beam and a pair of side beams placed laterally from each other. It is provided with at least one hopper formed between the side walls and the end walls. The end walls can be made of one or more metal sheets of the same thickness. In the inner part of the car between the side walls and the lower inclined sheets of the bunkers, internal supporting structures or internal cross-links, which are diagonal braces, can be placed. The lower end of the diagonal brace is usually fixed at the lower belt of the lower inclined sheet of the hopper or to a plate stiffener mounted on the spine beam, and the upper end can be attached to the side wall at a distance from the upper belt. Instead of internal cross-links, partitions can be used (the design and dimensions of the partitions are not specified by the patent).

Openings (hatches) are formed in the lower part of the bunkers for the outflow of cargo (inside the rail gauge) with corresponding covers pivotally hung on the brackets in the immediate vicinity of the upper sections of the spinal beam. The covers of the discharge hatches are actuated to move between the first closed position and the second open position with respect to the discharge hatches. The mechanism for moving the covers of the unloading hatches between the first closed position and the second open position includes a beam movable in the longitudinal direction and connected to the covers of the unloading hatches using a mechanical lever system equipped with adjusting couplings. The longitudinal beam is driven in reciprocating motion by a double-acting pneumatic cylinder. In addition, the drives of the longitudinal beam may include hydraulic actuators, electrical actuators, manual actuators such as gear drives, and any other suitable actuator actuators.

The disadvantages of the prototype car are: the complexity of the design and low manufacturing technology of the car body, the presence of unloading hatches for the expiration of the cargo (when unloading the car) inside the rail track (excludes the possibility of unloading to the side of the track), the use of the mechanism for opening and closing the covers of unloading hatches longitudinal beam, making a reciprocating motion, etc.

The proposed utility model solves the technical problem of improving the design of a hopper car for transporting coal and other bulk cargo. EFFECT: reduction of metal consumption while maintaining strength due to the creation of an all-bearing body, including a spatial frame with a supporting spinal beam and internal transverse beams. In this case, standard rolling and bent profiles for stiffening and sheathing elements are used. Due to these measures, the convenience of maintenance, the manufacturability of the wagon and handling operations are improved, the tare mass is reduced, the carrying capacity is increased and the operational reliability is increased.

To achieve the specified technical result, the hopper car open for transportation of bulk cargo contains a body mounted on chassis. The end walls of the body with struts are made of sheet metal and reinforced with stiffeners. The side walls of the body with racks made of hot-rolled, bent or welded profiles have a sheathing of sheet metal and / or profile with periodically repeating corrugations. The side and end walls in their upper part have a harness made of hot-rolled, bent or welded profiles. The body frame has a spinal beam forming the longitudinal axis of the car, two frontal and two pivot beams, two transverse extreme and at least one middle transverse beam. In the interior of the car, between the side walls and the middle transverse beam, internal transverse connections can be placed, which are diagonal braces, which are usually made of structural elements such as plates, angles, rods, channels, beams, pipes, cables, ropes, wires or from a combination of various designs or other structural elements. The lower end of each diagonal brace is usually mounted on a vertical sheet of the middle transverse beam, and the upper end can be attached to the upper trim or other element of the side wall.

Bunkers with lower discharge hatches and covers, for example, providing unloading of cargo on the side of the track, are equipped with a mechanism for opening and closing the covers of discharge hatches, which includes pneumatic or manual drive, a system of levers, rods and shafts. As a rule, the covers of the unloading hatches of each pair of hoppers located on both sides of the spine beam are hinged through the brackets to the side trim of the car frame and are moved between the first closed position and the second open position using a shaft equipped at the ends with two shoulders levers. Each two-arm lever is pivotally connected to curved rods, which, in turn, are pivotally connected to the trunnion pins of the unloading manhole covers with tips that allow you to adjust the length of the curved rod. Each shoulder of the two shoulders of the lever is separated from the other (along the longitudinal shaft) by an amount equal to the difference in lengths of the corresponding trunnions of the covers of the discharge hatches. The shaft is rotationally driven by a single-arm lever rigidly connected to it, the second end of which is pivotally connected to the short arm of the L-shaped tip of the double-acting cylinder. The L-shape of the tip provides an angle of rotation of the longitudinal shaft close to 180 °, thereby opening the covers of the unloading hatches by a value sufficient for unloading the cargo and moving through the “dead center” of the centers of articulation of two-arm levers and curved rods. This ensures reliable locking of the covers of unloading hatches in the first closed position and ensures the safety of the transported cargo. As a rule, the longitudinal shaft and the power cylinder of the mechanism for opening and closing the covers of unloading hatches for adjacent, along the wagon, pairs of bunkers are installed symmetrically from different sides of the spine beam, which ensures interchangeability of the covers of unloading hatches located on different sides of the wagon. Compressed air enters the corresponding cavities of the power cylinder via the pneumatic line from an independent (from the brakes) source. The direction of movement of the covers of the discharge hatches is controlled by cranes mounted on the spinal beam outside the body, and driven by rods on both sides of the car.

The proposed technical solution is illustrated by drawings. Where the figures shown:

figure 1 - General view of the hopper car open for transportation of bulk cargo (in two projections);

figure 2 is a broken section [6] of the body of the hopper car (in isometry);

figure 3 - the mechanism for opening and closing the covers of the discharge hatches (in isometry);

figure 4 is a view of the L-shaped tip of the rod of the power cylinder and its interaction with the longitudinal shaft of the unloading mechanism in two positions of the covers of the discharge hatches:

a) the manhole covers are closed,

b) the manhole covers are open;

5 is a bottom view of the car on the installation of the two shoulders of the lever mechanism for opening and closing the covers of the discharge hatches.

The body 1 of the hopper car open for transportation of bulk cargo is mounted on commercially available two-axle bogies 2 and is equipped with shock-traction devices 3, an automatic brake system 4 and a parking brake 5.

The body is made of a supporting structure and consists of: a spatial frame, side 6 and end walls 7, bins 8 with unloading hatches, covers of unloading hatches 9 having trunnions 53 and 54 of different lengths, with mechanisms for opening and closing them 10.

The frame of the spatial structure consists of a spinal 11, frontal 12, pivot 13, extreme intermediate 14 and at least one middle intermediate 15 beams and side straps 16. The spinal beam, at the intersection with the pivot beam, forms a pivot assembly. In the pivot assembly, a combined casting of the podiatnik box with the rear stop of the automatic coupler is located, and the kerchiefs 17 and 18 of the corner profile, installed between the top sheets of the pivot beam and the spine beam towards the body, solve the problem of the strength of this assembly under the action of shock loads and tensile forces when moving composition. In the zone of intersection of the spinal beam 11 with the frontal beams 12 are the front stops automatic coupled with sockets. The lateral trim 16 of the frame is a standard angular profile, to which the covers of the unloading hatches are suspended through the brackets 9. Between the hopper and the pivot beam, the lateral trim is reinforced with a standard angular profile 19. The transverse walls 20 of the bunkers in the upper part have faces 21 bent towards each other, which together with a vertical sheet 22 and a system of reinforcing stiffnesses 23 and 24 form the middle intermediate beam 15 of the frame.

The side walls of the body are sheathed from sheet metal 25 and / or profile with periodically repeating corrugations 26, reinforced on the outside of the body by struts 27, preferably of hot-rolled I-beams. The upper strapping 28 of the side walls is made of square pipe.

The end walls 7 of the body are made of sheet steel and reinforced by vertically arranged beams 29 from a bent U-shaped profile. In the lower part, the end walls are a continuation of the bent faces of the transverse walls of the bunkers, and in the upper part they are joined with the upper strapping 30 made of a square pipe. In the zone of transition of the bunkers to the end walls, extreme transverse beams 14 of bent unequal profiles are installed. The end walls of the body are supported by vertical struts 31 and struts 32. These struts are closed on the end wall through a horizontally located beam 33 of the pipe.

In the inner part of the car between the side walls 6 and the middle transverse beam 15, internal transverse connections can be placed, which are diagonal braces 34, which are usually made of structural elements such as plates, angles, rods, channels, beams, pipes or other structural elements . The lower end 35 of each diagonal brace is usually mounted on a vertical sheet 22 of the middle transverse beam 15, and the upper end 36 can be attached to the upper strapping 28 or other element of the side wall 6.

The lids 9 of the pair of discharge bins are driven by an opening and closing mechanism consisting of a system of longitudinal shafts 37, transverse two-arm levers 38 and transverse curved rods 39 and 40 with tips 41 and 42. Each shoulder of the two-shouldered lever 38 is spaced from the other (along the longitudinal shaft) by an amount equal to the difference in lengths of the corresponding trunnions of the covers of unloading hatches. The shaft 37 is rotationally driven by a single-arm lever 46 rigidly connected to it, the second end of which is pivotally connected to the short arm of the L-shaped tip 45 of the rod 44 of the double-acting actuator 43. The L-shaped tip provides a close to 180 ° angle of rotation of the longitudinal shaft, thereby opening the covers of the unloading hatches by a value sufficient for unloading the cargo and passing through the “dead center” of the centers of articulation of the two-arm levers 38 and curved rods 39 and 40, which ensures reliable blocking of the unloading mechanism. The transition through the dead center of two-arm levers 38 by a value A is achieved due to the elastic deformation of the curved rods 39 and 40.

The longitudinal shaft 47 and the actuating cylinder 48 of the mechanism for opening and closing the covers of the unloading hatches for adjacent, along the wagon, pairs of silos are installed symmetrically on the other side of the spine beam, which ensures interchangeability of the covers of the unloading hatches located on different sides of the wagon. Compressed air enters the corresponding cavities of the power cylinder via the pneumatic line 49 from an independent source (from the brakes) 50. The direction of movement of the covers of the discharge hatches is controlled by cranes 51 mounted on the spine beam outside the body and driven by rods 52 on both sides of the car.

The use of standard bent and hot-rolled profiles in the design of the car allows you to increase the manufacturability and simplify the design of the car.

The used improved design of the mechanism for opening and closing the covers of the unloading hatches of a pair of bunkers and their location for adjacent bunkers along the wagon ensures the reliability of the mechanism.

The proposed design of a hopper car open for transportation of bulk cargo allows to eliminate the disadvantages of mass-produced cars, provide the necessary strength, reduce metal consumption and reduce tare, as well as improve service conditions, and generally improve operational reliability, manufacturability and load capacity of the car.

Information sources.

1. Patent RU 93762 U1 dated 02.16.2010

2. Patent RU 67942 U1 of 06/18/2007

3. Patent RU 2093394 C1 of 10.23.1999.

4. Patent UA 81441 C2 dated January 10, 2008.

5. Patent RU 2380251 C2 of 08/25/2004, etc.

6. GOST 2.305-2008. Unified system of design documentation. Images - views, sections, sections. C.2

Claims (4)

1. Hopper car open for transportation of bulk cargo, containing chassis and a body of a supporting structure, consisting of a spatial frame, side and end walls, hoppers with discharge hatches and covers of discharge hatches with mechanisms for opening and closing them; the frame of the spatial structure consists of spinal, frontal, pivot, extreme intermediate and, at least, one middle intermediate beams and side strapping; in the inner part of the car between the side walls and the middle transverse beam there are internal transverse connections, which are diagonal braces, which are usually made of plates, corners, rods, channels, beams, pipes or other structural elements; the mechanism for opening and closing the covers of unloading hatches consists of a system of longitudinal shafts with transverse two-arm and one-shoulder levers and transverse curved rods with tips, and the drive of the mechanism includes a double-acting power cylinder, on the rod of which a tip is mounted pivotally connected to the one-shoulder lever of the longitudinal shaft, characterized in that each diagonal brace is attached with its lower end on a vertical sheet of the middle transverse beam, and the upper end of each diagonal brace is attached eplen the upper harness or other element lateral walls. 2. The hopper car open for transportation of bulk cargo according to claim 1, characterized in that the power cylinder of the drive mechanism for opening and closing the covers of unloading hatches with a longitudinal shaft of the mechanism for pairs of bunkers adjacent along the car is installed symmetrically from different sides of the spine beam. 3. The hopper car open for transportation of bulk cargo according to claim 1, characterized in that each shoulder of the two shoulders of the lever is separated from the other shoulder along the longitudinal shaft by an amount equal to the length difference of the corresponding trunnions of the cover of the unloading hatches. 4. The hopper car open for transportation of bulk cargo according to claim 1, characterized in that the tip of the ram cylinder has an L-shape.