PT78057B - Process for bunding high efficiency chromium electrodeposits - Google Patents
Process for bunding high efficiency chromium electrodeposits Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- PT78057B PT78057B PT78057A PT7805784A PT78057B PT 78057 B PT78057 B PT 78057B PT 78057 A PT78057 A PT 78057A PT 7805784 A PT7805784 A PT 7805784A PT 78057 B PT78057 B PT 78057B
- Authority
- PT
- Portugal
- Prior art keywords
- iron
- bath
- acid
- substrate
- coating
- Prior art date
Links
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 45
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title abstract description 11
- 239000002659 electrodeposit Substances 0.000 title 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 134
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 72
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 70
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 47
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L chromic acid Substances O[Cr](O)(=O)=O KRVSOGSZCMJSLX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 23
- AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N furo[3,4-b]pyrazine-5,7-dione Chemical compound C1=CN=C2C(=O)OC(=O)C2=N1 AWJWCTOOIBYHON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical class [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000007942 carboxylates Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N perchloric acid Chemical class OCl(=O)(=O)=O VLTRZXGMWDSKGL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 150000004673 fluoride salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 11
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+) sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O BAUYGSIQEAFULO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L cobalt(2+) sulfate Chemical compound [Co+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O KTVIXTQDYHMGHF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910000358 iron sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021538 borax Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 2
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910000008 nickel(II) carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004328 sodium tetraborate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010339 sodium tetraborate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Disodium Chemical class [Na][Na] QXNVGIXVLWOKEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical group [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910004809 Na2 SO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018503 SF6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FXXACINHVKSMDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetyl bromide Chemical compound CC(Br)=O FXXACINHVKSMDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003444 anaesthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCl FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005363 electrowinning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005530 etching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 halide ion Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- IQUGDGIIAQZHGL-UHFFFAOYSA-L iron(2+);dichloride;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.[Cl-].[Cl-].[Fe+2] IQUGDGIIAQZHGL-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000359 iron(II) sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011112 process operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019260 propionic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001256 stainless steel alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- OBTWBSRJZRCYQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfuryl difluoride Chemical compound FS(F)(=O)=O OBTWBSRJZRCYQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
- C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/04—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of chromium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/627—Electroplating characterised by the visual appearance of the layers, e.g. colour, brightness or mat appearance
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Nonmetallic Welding Materials (AREA)
- Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Chemically Coating (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/463,465 US4450050A (en) | 1983-02-03 | 1983-02-03 | Process for bonding high efficiency chromium electrodeposits |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| PT78057A PT78057A (en) | 1984-03-01 |
| PT78057B true PT78057B (en) | 1986-03-20 |
Family
ID=23840183
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PT78057A PT78057B (en) | 1983-02-03 | 1984-02-02 | Process for bunding high efficiency chromium electrodeposits |
Country Status (15)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4450050A (OSRAM) |
| EP (1) | EP0137817B1 (OSRAM) |
| JP (1) | JPS60500873A (OSRAM) |
| DE (1) | DE3468442D1 (OSRAM) |
| EG (1) | EG16172A (OSRAM) |
| ES (1) | ES529411A0 (OSRAM) |
| GR (1) | GR81725B (OSRAM) |
| IN (1) | IN160454B (OSRAM) |
| IT (2) | IT8409333A1 (OSRAM) |
| NO (2) | NO843974L (OSRAM) |
| NZ (1) | NZ207033A (OSRAM) |
| PH (1) | PH20218A (OSRAM) |
| PT (1) | PT78057B (OSRAM) |
| WO (1) | WO1984003109A1 (OSRAM) |
| ZA (1) | ZA84794B (OSRAM) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB8411063D0 (en) * | 1984-05-01 | 1984-06-06 | Mccormick M | Chromium electroplating |
| US4668348A (en) * | 1985-09-26 | 1987-05-26 | M&T Chemicals Inc. | Method for forming adherent, bright, smooth and hard chromium electrodeposits on ferrous metal substrates from high energy efficient chromium baths |
| US4664759A (en) * | 1985-10-15 | 1987-05-12 | M&T Chemicals Inc. | Method for forming adherent, bright, smooth and hard chromium electrodeposits on stainless steel substrates from high energy efficient chromium baths |
| EP0235173A1 (en) * | 1985-08-09 | 1987-09-09 | M & T Chemicals, Inc. | Process for forming adherent chromium electrodeposits from a high energy efficient bath |
| US4585530A (en) * | 1985-08-09 | 1986-04-29 | M&T Chemicals Inc. | Process for forming adherent chromium electrodeposits from high energy efficient bath on ferrous metal substrates |
| US5243320A (en) * | 1988-02-26 | 1993-09-07 | Gould Inc. | Resistive metal layers and method for making same |
| DE4422877A1 (de) | 1994-06-30 | 1996-01-04 | Gesipa Blindniettechnik | Blindbefestigersetzgerät |
| CN103255454A (zh) * | 2013-06-08 | 2013-08-21 | 河北瑞兆激光再制造技术有限公司 | 报废活塞杆的修复工艺 |
| CN104227316B (zh) * | 2014-09-30 | 2016-05-25 | 任晓东 | 一种修复井下千斤顶的方法 |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3806429A (en) * | 1972-07-03 | 1974-04-23 | Oxy Metal Finishing Corp | Electrodeposition of bright nickel-iron deposits,electrolytes therefor and coating an article with a composite nickel-iron,chromium coating |
| DE2500730C3 (de) * | 1975-01-10 | 1980-04-24 | Bergische Metallwarenfabrik Dillenberg & Co Kg, 5601 Gruiten | Galvanisches Chrombad |
| JPS5464034A (en) * | 1977-10-31 | 1979-05-23 | Toyo Kohan Co Ltd | Pretreatment of steel plate treated with electrolytic chromic acid |
| DE2908846A1 (de) * | 1978-03-08 | 1979-09-13 | Yissum Res Dev Co | Galvanisches chrombad |
| US4188459A (en) * | 1978-09-27 | 1980-02-12 | Whyco Chromium Company, Inc. | Corrosion resistant plating and method utilizing alloys having micro-throwing power |
| US4366034A (en) * | 1981-06-04 | 1982-12-28 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Hard chromium plating process for cobalt-chromium-tungsten alloys |
-
1983
- 1983-02-03 US US06/463,465 patent/US4450050A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1984
- 1984-02-01 JP JP59501013A patent/JPS60500873A/ja active Granted
- 1984-02-01 IN IN96/DEL/84A patent/IN160454B/en unknown
- 1984-02-01 WO PCT/US1984/000158 patent/WO1984003109A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1984-02-01 EP EP84901037A patent/EP0137817B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-02-01 DE DE8484901037T patent/DE3468442D1/de not_active Expired
- 1984-02-02 ZA ZA84794A patent/ZA84794B/xx unknown
- 1984-02-02 ES ES529411A patent/ES529411A0/es active Granted
- 1984-02-02 PT PT78057A patent/PT78057B/pt unknown
- 1984-02-02 GR GR73687A patent/GR81725B/el unknown
- 1984-02-03 IT IT1984A09333A patent/IT8409333A1/it unknown
- 1984-02-03 NZ NZ207033A patent/NZ207033A/en unknown
- 1984-02-03 IT IT09333/84A patent/IT1198780B/it active
- 1984-02-03 PH PH30200A patent/PH20218A/en unknown
- 1984-02-04 EG EG79/84A patent/EG16172A/xx active
- 1984-10-02 NO NO843974A patent/NO843974L/no unknown
- 1984-10-02 NO NO843973A patent/NO843973L/no unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IT1198780B (it) | 1988-12-21 |
| GR81725B (OSRAM) | 1984-12-12 |
| EG16172A (en) | 1987-05-30 |
| JPS648718B2 (OSRAM) | 1989-02-15 |
| PT78057A (en) | 1984-03-01 |
| JPS60500873A (ja) | 1985-06-06 |
| IT8409333A0 (it) | 1984-02-03 |
| DE3468442D1 (en) | 1988-02-11 |
| EP0137817A1 (en) | 1985-04-24 |
| IT8409333A1 (it) | 1985-08-03 |
| ES8502485A1 (es) | 1985-01-01 |
| NO843974L (no) | 1984-10-02 |
| ZA84794B (en) | 1985-03-27 |
| EP0137817A4 (en) | 1985-09-26 |
| WO1984003109A1 (en) | 1984-08-16 |
| NZ207033A (en) | 1987-05-29 |
| ES529411A0 (es) | 1985-01-01 |
| NO843973L (no) | 1984-10-02 |
| US4450050A (en) | 1984-05-22 |
| IN160454B (OSRAM) | 1987-07-11 |
| EP0137817B1 (en) | 1988-01-07 |
| PH20218A (en) | 1986-10-21 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US3664933A (en) | Process for acid copper plating of zinc | |
| JP6877650B2 (ja) | 電極触媒の製造方法 | |
| US3616304A (en) | Method for treating chromium-containing baths | |
| US4017368A (en) | Process for electroplating zirconium alloys | |
| JP2001500195A (ja) | ニッケル―燐合金皮膜の電気めっき | |
| PT78057B (en) | Process for bunding high efficiency chromium electrodeposits | |
| US3264199A (en) | Electroless plating of metals | |
| US3594288A (en) | Process for electroplating nickel onto metal surfaces | |
| US2389131A (en) | Electrodeposition of antimony | |
| US3684666A (en) | Copper electroplating in a citric acid bath | |
| US2811484A (en) | Electrodeposition of zinc on magnesium and its alloys | |
| US2457059A (en) | Method for bonding a nickel electrodeposit to a nickel surface | |
| US3511759A (en) | Method and electrolytes for electro-depositing black chromium | |
| PT80201B (en) | Electrodeposition of chromium and chromium bearing alloys | |
| JP2007254866A (ja) | アルミニウムまたはアルミニウム合金素材のめっき前処理方法 | |
| US2546150A (en) | Method for securing adhesion of electroplated coatings to a metal base | |
| US4731166A (en) | Method of producing an adherent, smooth deposit of chromium on a nodular iron substrate | |
| US2092130A (en) | Anodic cleaning process | |
| US2534911A (en) | Process of removing hydrogen embrittlement of bright nickel electrodeposits | |
| US4664759A (en) | Method for forming adherent, bright, smooth and hard chromium electrodeposits on stainless steel substrates from high energy efficient chromium baths | |
| JPS62502976A (ja) | 金属基体上に高エネルギ−効率のクロム浴から附着性クロム電気めっきを形成するための活性化方法 | |
| US4717456A (en) | Two-step electrolytic activation process for chromium electrodeposition | |
| JP2678834B2 (ja) | 樹脂成品のクロムメッキ方法 | |
| US3689380A (en) | Process for acid copper plating of steel | |
| US2690997A (en) | Electrodeposition of copper |