PL2739729T3 - Komórka fermentująca cukier pentozowy - Google Patents

Komórka fermentująca cukier pentozowy

Info

Publication number
PL2739729T3
PL2739729T3 PL12741015T PL12741015T PL2739729T3 PL 2739729 T3 PL2739729 T3 PL 2739729T3 PL 12741015 T PL12741015 T PL 12741015T PL 12741015 T PL12741015 T PL 12741015T PL 2739729 T3 PL2739729 T3 PL 2739729T3
Authority
PL
Poland
Prior art keywords
pentose sugar
sugar fermenting
fermenting cell
cell
pentose
Prior art date
Application number
PL12741015T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Paul Klaassen
Jong René Marcel De
Suylekom Gijsberdina Pieternella Van
Original Assignee
Dsm Ip Assets Bv
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dsm Ip Assets Bv filed Critical Dsm Ip Assets Bv
Publication of PL2739729T3 publication Critical patent/PL2739729T3/pl

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
    • C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
    • C12N15/80—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi
    • C12N15/81—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi for yeasts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
    • C12N9/90—Isomerases (5.)
    • C12N9/92—Glucose isomerase (5.3.1.5; 5.3.1.9; 5.3.1.18)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
    • C12N15/00—Mutation or genetic engineering; DNA or RNA concerning genetic engineering, vectors, e.g. plasmids, or their isolation, preparation or purification; Use of hosts therefor
    • C12N15/09—Recombinant DNA-technology
    • C12N15/63—Introduction of foreign genetic material using vectors; Vectors; Use of hosts therefor; Regulation of expression
    • C12N15/79—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts
    • C12N15/80—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi
    • C12N15/81—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi for yeasts
    • C12N15/815—Vectors or expression systems specially adapted for eukaryotic hosts for fungi for yeasts for yeasts other than Saccharomyces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P35/00—Preparation of compounds having a 5-thia-1-azabicyclo [4.2.0] octane ring system, e.g. cephalosporin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P5/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons
    • C12P5/02—Preparation of hydrocarbons or halogenated hydrocarbons acyclic
    • C12P5/026—Unsaturated compounds, i.e. alkenes, alkynes or allenes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
    • C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
    • C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
    • C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
    • C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
    • C12P7/08—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate
    • C12P7/10—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
    • C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
    • C12P7/16—Butanols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
    • C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
    • C12P7/18—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic polyhydric
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
    • C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
    • C12P7/18—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic polyhydric
    • C12P7/20—Glycerol
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/40—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group including Peroxycarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/40—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group including Peroxycarboxylic acids
    • C12P7/42—Hydroxy-carboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/40—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group including Peroxycarboxylic acids
    • C12P7/44—Polycarboxylic acids
    • C12P7/46—Dicarboxylic acids having four or less carbon atoms, e.g. fumaric acid, maleic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/40—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group including Peroxycarboxylic acids
    • C12P7/44—Polycarboxylic acids
    • C12P7/48—Tricarboxylic acids, e.g. citric acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/40—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group including Peroxycarboxylic acids
    • C12P7/54—Acetic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
    • C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
    • C12P7/40—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a carboxyl group including Peroxycarboxylic acids
    • C12P7/56—Lactic acid
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Y—ENZYMES
    • C12Y503/00—Intramolecular oxidoreductases (5.3)
    • C12Y503/01—Intramolecular oxidoreductases (5.3) interconverting aldoses and ketoses (5.3.1)
    • C12Y503/01005—Xylose isomerase (5.3.1.5)
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
PL12741015T 2011-08-04 2012-08-02 Komórka fermentująca cukier pentozowy PL2739729T3 (pl)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201161515014P 2011-08-04 2011-08-04
EP11176601 2011-08-04
PCT/EP2012/065088 WO2013017644A1 (en) 2011-08-04 2012-08-02 A pentose sugar fermenting cell
EP12741015.7A EP2739729B1 (en) 2011-08-04 2012-08-02 A pentose sugar fermenting cell

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
PL2739729T3 true PL2739729T3 (pl) 2018-01-31

Family

ID=47628656

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PL12741015T PL2739729T3 (pl) 2011-08-04 2012-08-02 Komórka fermentująca cukier pentozowy

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (2) US9701972B2 (pl)
EP (1) EP2739729B1 (pl)
JP (1) JP6048980B2 (pl)
KR (1) KR20140042888A (pl)
CN (1) CN103717733A (pl)
AR (1) AR087423A1 (pl)
AU (1) AU2012292023A1 (pl)
CA (1) CA2843064A1 (pl)
DK (1) DK2739729T3 (pl)
EA (1) EA201400192A1 (pl)
ES (1) ES2645963T3 (pl)
IN (1) IN2014DN00094A (pl)
MX (1) MX2014001396A (pl)
MY (1) MY185050A (pl)
PL (1) PL2739729T3 (pl)
WO (1) WO2013017644A1 (pl)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US10604773B2 (en) * 2012-10-16 2020-03-31 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Cells with improved pentose conversion
BR112018000690A2 (pt) 2015-07-13 2018-09-18 MARA Renewables Corporation micro-organismo recombinante, e, métodos para preparar um micro-organismo de metabolização de xilose e para produzir óleo.
WO2017024150A1 (en) 2015-08-05 2017-02-09 Cargill, Incorporated Xylose isomerase-modified yeast strains and methods for bioproduct production
BR112019012949A2 (pt) * 2016-12-21 2019-11-26 Globalyeast N V isomerases de xilose que conferem capacidade de fermentação eficiente de xilose em levedura
FR3062134B1 (fr) * 2017-01-24 2023-07-21 Lesaffre & Cie Obtention de souches de levure performantes pour la metabolisation de l'arabinose
JP2019068788A (ja) * 2017-10-11 2019-05-09 トヨタ自動車株式会社 組換え酵母及びこれを用いたエタノールの製造方法
WO2019185737A1 (en) * 2018-03-27 2019-10-03 Basf Se Xylose metabolizing yeast
CN114317515B (zh) * 2021-12-31 2024-04-09 内蒙古金达威药业有限公司 一种以改性硅藻土为载体的固定化全细胞催化制备β-烟酰胺单核苷酸的方法

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1990014423A1 (en) 1989-05-18 1990-11-29 The Infergene Company Microorganism transformation
ATE196505T1 (de) 1989-07-07 2000-10-15 Unilever Nv Verfahren zur herstellung eines proteins mittels eines durch mehrfachkopie-integrierung eines expressionsvektors tranformierten pilzes
FR2679920A1 (fr) 1991-08-02 1993-02-05 Rhone Poulenc Rorer Sa Levures recombinantes hautement stables pour la production de proteines recombinantes, leur preparation et leur utilisation.
EP0635574B1 (en) 1993-07-23 2003-04-23 Dsm N.V. Selection marker gene free recombinant strains, a method for obtaining them and the use of these strains
DK0979294T3 (en) 1997-04-11 2015-08-31 Dsm Ip Assets Bv Gene conversion AS A TOOL FOR CONSTRUCTION OF RECOMBINANT INDUSTRIAL filamentous fungi
US6265186B1 (en) 1997-04-11 2001-07-24 Dsm N.V. Yeast cells comprising at least two copies of a desired gene integrated into the chromosomal genome at more than one non-ribosomal RNA encoding domain, particularly with Kluyveromyces
DE69938129D1 (de) 1998-05-19 2008-03-27 Dsm Ip Assets Bv Verbesserte in vivo-produktion von cephalosporinen
JP2002533092A (ja) 1998-12-22 2002-10-08 デーエスエム・ナムローゼ・フェンノートシャップ セファロスポリンの改良されたｉｎｖｉｖｏ産生
SE0202090D0 (sv) 2002-05-08 2002-07-04 Forskarpatent I Syd Ab A modifierd yeast consuming L-arabinose
US7888489B2 (en) 2005-01-24 2011-02-15 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Method for producing a compound of interest in a filamentous fungal cell
JP5250850B2 (ja) 2006-06-29 2013-07-31 ディーエスエム アイピー アセッツ ビー．ブイ． 改善されたポリペプチド発現を達成する方法
EP2250262B1 (en) 2008-03-07 2015-07-29 DSM IP Assets B.V. A pentose sugar fermenting cell
ES2672348T3 (es) * 2008-12-24 2018-06-14 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Genes de la isomerasa de xilosa y su uso en la fermentación de azúcares pentosas

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MY185050A (en) 2021-04-30
MX2014001396A (es) 2014-05-27
EA201400192A1 (ru) 2014-06-30
ES2645963T3 (es) 2017-12-11
EP2739729B1 (en) 2017-08-02
CN103717733A (zh) 2014-04-09
US20140162312A1 (en) 2014-06-12
JP2014521341A (ja) 2014-08-28
JP6048980B2 (ja) 2016-12-21
AR087423A1 (es) 2014-03-19
US10100320B2 (en) 2018-10-16
CA2843064A1 (en) 2013-02-07
DK2739729T3 (da) 2017-11-13
WO2013017644A1 (en) 2013-02-07
EP2739729A1 (en) 2014-06-11
KR20140042888A (ko) 2014-04-07
US9701972B2 (en) 2017-07-11
US20170268012A1 (en) 2017-09-21
AU2012292023A1 (en) 2014-01-23
IN2014DN00094A (pl) 2015-05-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP2725091A4 (en) DEVICE FOR PRODUCING A CELL STRUCTURE
PL2250262T3 (pl) Komórka fermentująca cukier pentozowy
AU338030S (en) Solar cell
ZA201505146B (en) A solar cell
GB201103590D0 (en) Fuel cell
EP2779269A4 (en) BATTERY CELL WITH NOVEL CONSTRUCTION
EP2751846A4 (en) SOLAR CELL
AU338202S (en) Solar cell module
EP2775557A4 (en) FUEL CELL
EP2716835A4 (en) SOLAR CELL ARRANGEMENT
EP3719852B8 (en) Solar cell
PL2739729T3 (pl) Komórka fermentująca cukier pentozowy
ZA201305116B (en) Fuel cells
EP2717322A4 (en) SOLAR CELL
EP2680317A4 (en) SOLAR CELL MODULE
EP2680354A4 (en) FUEL CELL
EP2672524A4 (en) SOLAR CELL MODULE
EP2690694A4 (en) FUEL CELL
EP2757623A4 (en) FUEL CELL
EP2744027A4 (en) FUEL CELL
EP2652801A4 (en) SOLAR CELL MODULE
EP2790255A4 (en) FUEL CELL
ZA201405069B (en) Fuel cell
EP2738823A4 (en) SOLAR CELL
EP2693546A4 (en) FUEL CELL