PL1904582T3 - Dyspersje pigmentów z polimerycznymi dyspergatorami posiadającymi boczne grupy chromoforowe - Google Patents
Dyspersje pigmentów z polimerycznymi dyspergatorami posiadającymi boczne grupy chromoforoweInfo
- Publication number
- PL1904582T3 PL1904582T3 PL06777431T PL06777431T PL1904582T3 PL 1904582 T3 PL1904582 T3 PL 1904582T3 PL 06777431 T PL06777431 T PL 06777431T PL 06777431 T PL06777431 T PL 06777431T PL 1904582 T3 PL1904582 T3 PL 1904582T3
- Authority
- PL
- Poland
- Prior art keywords
- pigment dispersions
- polymeric dispersants
- chromophore groups
- pending chromophore
- pending
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 title 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
- C09B67/0071—Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dehydrating agents; Dispersing agents; Dustfree compositions
- C09B67/0084—Dispersions of dyes
- C09B67/0085—Non common dispersing agents
- C09B67/009—Non common dispersing agents polymeric dispersing agent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
- C09B67/0033—Blends of pigments; Mixtured crystals; Solid solutions
- C09B67/0046—Mixtures of two or more azo dyes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B67/00—Influencing the physical, e.g. the dyeing or printing properties of dyestuffs without chemical reactions, e.g. by treating with solvents grinding or grinding assistants, coating of pigments or dyes; Process features in the making of dyestuff preparations; Dyestuff preparations of a special physical nature, e.g. tablets, films
- C09B67/0033—Blends of pigments; Mixtured crystals; Solid solutions
- C09B67/0046—Mixtures of two or more azo dyes
- C09B67/0051—Mixtures of two or more azo dyes mixture of two or more monoazo dyes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09B—ORGANIC DYES OR CLOSELY-RELATED COMPOUNDS FOR PRODUCING DYES, e.g. PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES
- C09B69/00—Dyes not provided for by a single group of this subclass
- C09B69/10—Polymeric dyes; Reaction products of dyes with monomers or with macromolecular compounds
- C09B69/106—Polymeric dyes; Reaction products of dyes with monomers or with macromolecular compounds containing an azo dye
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D11/00—Inks
- C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
- C09D11/32—Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents
- C09D11/324—Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents containing carbon black
- C09D11/326—Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents containing carbon black characterised by the pigment dispersant
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D17/00—Pigment pastes, e.g. for mixing in paints
- C09D17/003—Pigment pastes, e.g. for mixing in paints containing an organic pigment
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
- Ink Jet Recording Methods And Recording Media Thereof (AREA)
- Ink Jet (AREA)
- Pigments, Carbon Blacks, Or Wood Stains (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP05106455 | 2005-07-14 | ||
| US71300205P | 2005-08-31 | 2005-08-31 | |
| PCT/EP2006/063486 WO2007006636A2 (en) | 2005-07-14 | 2006-06-23 | Pigment dispersions with polymeric dispersants having pending chromophore groups. |
| EP06777431.5A EP1904582B1 (en) | 2005-07-14 | 2006-06-23 | Pigment dispersions with polymeric dispersants having pending chromophore groups |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| PL1904582T3 true PL1904582T3 (pl) | 2015-02-27 |
Family
ID=35722386
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL06777431T PL1904582T3 (pl) | 2005-07-14 | 2006-06-23 | Dyspersje pigmentów z polimerycznymi dyspergatorami posiadającymi boczne grupy chromoforowe |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7582150B2 (pl) |
| EP (1) | EP1904582B1 (pl) |
| JP (1) | JP2009501250A (pl) |
| CN (1) | CN101223247B (pl) |
| ES (1) | ES2496967T3 (pl) |
| PL (1) | PL1904582T3 (pl) |
| WO (1) | WO2007006636A2 (pl) |
Families Citing this family (35)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US8153706B2 (en) | 2004-10-25 | 2012-04-10 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Polymeric colorants having pigment and dye components and corresponding ink compositions |
| ATE449822T1 (de) * | 2005-07-14 | 2009-12-15 | Agfa Graphics Nv | Phenylazo-acetoacetanilid-derivate mit einer polymerisierbaren funktionellen gruppe und verwandte verbindungen als monomere zur herstellung von polymeren pigmentdispergatoren für tintenstrahltinten |
| EP1790697B1 (en) * | 2005-11-28 | 2012-01-25 | Agfa Graphics N.V. | Non-aqueous pigment dispersions containing specific dispersion synergists |
| EP1790696B1 (en) * | 2005-11-28 | 2013-04-10 | Agfa Graphics N.V. | Non-aqueous pigment dispersions containing specific dispersion synergists |
| WO2007089859A1 (en) * | 2006-01-31 | 2007-08-09 | Cabot Corporation | Inkjet ink compositions comprising polymeric dispersants having attached chromophore groups |
| JP5105757B2 (ja) | 2006-03-15 | 2012-12-26 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | インクジェット記録用インクセット及びインクジェット記録方法 |
| JP5243072B2 (ja) | 2007-03-30 | 2013-07-24 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | インク組成物、並びに、それを用いた画像記録方法及び画像記録物 |
| US7868059B2 (en) | 2007-07-27 | 2011-01-11 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Polymerizable dye-monomer conjugates for encapsulating pigment particles |
| JP5441463B2 (ja) | 2009-03-23 | 2014-03-12 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 顔料分散物、それを用いたインク組成物、硬化性組成物及び硬化性インク組成物 |
| US8048213B2 (en) * | 2009-04-06 | 2011-11-01 | Cabot Corporation | Inkjet ink compositions comprising azo pigments |
| JP5475399B2 (ja) * | 2009-10-30 | 2014-04-16 | 花王株式会社 | インクジェット記録用水分散体 |
| EP2316885B1 (en) * | 2009-11-03 | 2013-01-09 | Agfa-Gevaert | Non-aqueous pigment dispersions using dispersion synergists |
| UA107835C2 (ru) | 2010-05-25 | 2015-02-25 | Сікпа Холдінг Са | Связанные с полимером периленовые пигменты и композиции, которые их содержат |
| WO2012026504A1 (en) | 2010-08-24 | 2012-03-01 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Polyester, pigment composition, and toner |
| WO2012032717A1 (ja) * | 2010-09-07 | 2012-03-15 | キヤノン株式会社 | アゾ化合物、該アゾ化合物を含有する顔料分散剤、顔料組成物、顔料分散体およびトナー |
| JP5793910B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-29 | 2015-10-14 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | インクジェット用非水系インク組成物およびインクジェット記録方法 |
| JP5793909B2 (ja) * | 2011-03-29 | 2015-10-14 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | インクジェット用非水系インク組成物およびインクジェット記録方法 |
| AR086509A1 (es) | 2011-05-25 | 2013-12-18 | Sicpa Holding Sa | Tintes de quaterrileno y/o terrileno unidos a polimeros y composiciones que los contienen |
| EP2766433A4 (en) * | 2011-10-12 | 2015-07-01 | Canon Kk | COMPOUND HAVING BISAZO SKEWER, PIGMENT DISPERSANT CONTAINING THE COMPOUND, PIGMENT COMPOSITION, PIGMENT DISPERSION, INK AND RESIST COMPOSITION FOR COLOR FILTER |
| HK1200860A1 (en) | 2011-11-10 | 2015-08-14 | Sicpa Holding Sa | Polymer-bonded polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons having nitrogen containing substituents |
| CA2853252A1 (en) | 2011-11-23 | 2013-05-30 | Sicpa Holding Sa | Polycyclic aromatic compounds containing an s atom or s(=0)2 group and their use as dyes |
| EP2604658B1 (en) | 2011-12-14 | 2014-10-01 | Agfa Graphics N.V. | Surface modified pigments and non-aqueous inks therewith |
| JP5882788B2 (ja) * | 2012-02-29 | 2016-03-09 | キヤノン株式会社 | トナーの製造方法 |
| US20150004539A1 (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2015-01-01 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Magenta toner containing compound having azo skeleton |
| JP5932395B2 (ja) * | 2012-02-29 | 2016-06-08 | キヤノン株式会社 | トナー |
| KR20140127338A (ko) * | 2012-02-29 | 2014-11-03 | 캐논 가부시끼가이샤 | 아조 화합물, 상기 아조 화합물을 함유하는 안료 분산제, 안료 조성물, 안료 분산체 및 토너 |
| US20140377697A1 (en) * | 2012-02-29 | 2014-12-25 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Cyan toner containing compound having azo skeleton |
| RU2014139009A (ru) * | 2012-02-29 | 2016-04-20 | Кэнон Кабусики Кайся | Черный тонер, содержащий соединение, имеющее азокаркас |
| KR20160003171A (ko) * | 2013-04-30 | 2016-01-08 | 캐논 가부시끼가이샤 | 아조 골격 구조를 갖는 화합물, 안료 분산제, 안료 조성물, 안료 분산체, 및 토너 |
| EP3001839B1 (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2018-07-18 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Compound having azo skeleton, pigment dispersant, pigment composition, pigment dispersion, and toner |
| WO2015030261A1 (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2015-03-05 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Compound having azo skeleton structure, pigment-dispersing agent, pigment composition, pigment dispersion, and toner |
| CN108641483B (zh) * | 2018-05-18 | 2021-09-07 | 山东国瓷康立泰新材料科技有限公司 | 一种促进发色的陶瓷喷墨打印墨水及其制备方法 |
| CN110845424B (zh) * | 2019-12-11 | 2021-03-26 | 山东汇海医药化工有限公司 | 一种5-乙酰乙酰氨基苯并咪唑酮的制备方法 |
| CN113527695A (zh) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-10-22 | 中山市钧纬新材料科技有限公司 | 一种超支化聚合物水性分散剂的制备方法及应用 |
| PL440477A1 (pl) * | 2022-02-25 | 2023-08-28 | Pcc Exol Spółka Akcyjna | Hydrofobizowany kopolimer akrylowy, sposób jego wytwarzania, jego zastosowanie i farba wodorozcieńczalna zawierająca ten kopolimer |
Family Cites Families (33)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1343606A (en) | 1971-02-11 | 1974-01-16 | Ici Ltd | Dispersing agents |
| GB1424517A (en) | 1972-08-01 | 1976-02-11 | Ici Ltd | Dispersions of organic pigments |
| US4489197A (en) | 1981-11-09 | 1984-12-18 | Dynapol | Polymeric active methylene compounds |
| US4664709A (en) * | 1985-02-25 | 1987-05-12 | American Hoechst Corporation | Azoacylacetamide dispersing agents and azo-pigment compositions |
| US5367039A (en) | 1988-07-06 | 1994-11-22 | Nippon Paint Company, Ltd. | Production of colored vinyl polymer particles by polymerizing a vinyl polymerizable monomer with a polymerizable dye |
| US5231131A (en) | 1991-12-24 | 1993-07-27 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Aqueous graft copolymer pigment dispersants |
| US5420187A (en) * | 1992-09-04 | 1995-05-30 | Toyo Ink Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Pigment dispersing agent and its use |
| JPH0741693A (ja) | 1993-07-30 | 1995-02-10 | Toyo Ink Mfg Co Ltd | 顔料分散剤およびそれを用いた水性顔料分散体 |
| US5410004A (en) * | 1994-01-24 | 1995-04-25 | Arizona Chemical Company | Thermal polymerization of dicyclopentadiene |
| EP0763378A3 (en) * | 1995-09-11 | 2001-02-28 | Toyo Ink Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Non-aqueous type pigment dispersing agent, composition containing thereof, and non-aqueous pigment dispersion |
| EP0763580B1 (en) * | 1995-09-11 | 2003-08-13 | Toyo Ink Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Aqueous type pigment dispersing agent, composition containing the same and aqueous pigment dispersion |
| US5859133A (en) | 1996-03-18 | 1999-01-12 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Tire tread compound |
| US5852123A (en) | 1996-10-17 | 1998-12-22 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Graft copolymer with a urea or imid functional group as a pigment dispersant |
| USH1828H (en) * | 1997-07-30 | 2000-01-04 | Xerox Corporation | Colorant dispersions |
| GB9827894D0 (en) * | 1998-12-21 | 1999-02-10 | Zeneca Ltd | Composition |
| US6132501A (en) * | 1999-08-10 | 2000-10-17 | Eastman Kodak Company | Co-milled pigments in ink jet ink |
| US6306209B1 (en) * | 1999-12-16 | 2001-10-23 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Pigment dispersions containing dispersants having pendent hydrophobic polymeric segments prepared by controlled radical polymerization |
| US6462125B1 (en) * | 1999-12-16 | 2002-10-08 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Pigment dispersions containing dispersants prepared by controlled radical polymerization having hydrophilic and hydrophobic segments |
| US6521715B1 (en) | 2000-08-22 | 2003-02-18 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Graft copolymer pigment dispersants |
| US6500935B2 (en) | 2000-11-29 | 2002-12-31 | Milliken & Company | Aromatic bis-acetoacetamide intermediates |
| EP1215251B1 (en) * | 2000-12-12 | 2005-06-15 | Konica Corporation | Pigment dispersion liquid for ink jetting |
| JP4289802B2 (ja) | 2001-02-06 | 2009-07-01 | キヤノン株式会社 | トナー及びトナーの製造方法 |
| US7189767B2 (en) | 2001-03-30 | 2007-03-13 | Rohm And Haas Company | Colorants, dispersants, dispersions, and inks |
| US6641970B2 (en) * | 2001-06-13 | 2003-11-04 | Agfa-Gevaert | UV-sensitive imaging element for making lithographic printing plates comprising an aryldiazosulfonate polymer and a compound sensitive to UV light |
| JP2003096191A (ja) | 2001-09-25 | 2003-04-03 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 画像表示媒体 |
| JP2003277366A (ja) * | 2002-03-20 | 2003-10-02 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | ベンズイミダゾロン化合物、並びに、これを含有する顔料分散剤、顔料分散組成物および着色感光性組成物 |
| JP2003292847A (ja) * | 2002-04-03 | 2003-10-15 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | インクジェット記録用インクおよびインクジェット記録方法 |
| JP2004002529A (ja) | 2002-05-31 | 2004-01-08 | Konica Minolta Holdings Inc | 着色微粒子の水系分散体、インクジェット記録用水系インク、及び着色微粒子の水系分散体の製造方法 |
| US6986811B2 (en) | 2003-01-31 | 2006-01-17 | Basf Aktiengesellschaft | Perylene derivatives and their application as dispersants |
| JP2005008727A (ja) | 2003-06-18 | 2005-01-13 | Toshiba Tec Corp | 加工顔料、顔料分散液、インクジェット用インク、加工顔料の製造方法および顔料分散液の製造方法 |
| US7576146B2 (en) | 2003-12-05 | 2009-08-18 | Sun Chemical Corporation | Polymeric colored dispersants and colorant dispersions containing same |
| US7265197B2 (en) | 2003-12-05 | 2007-09-04 | Sun Chemical Corporation | Polymeric dispersant |
| US7537650B2 (en) * | 2005-03-30 | 2009-05-26 | Eastman Kodak Company | Aqueous ink of colored ink and colorless ink containing anionic polymer |
-
2006
- 2006-06-23 ES ES06777431.5T patent/ES2496967T3/es active Active
- 2006-06-23 EP EP06777431.5A patent/EP1904582B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-06-23 CN CN200680025696.7A patent/CN101223247B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-06-23 US US11/995,322 patent/US7582150B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-06-23 WO PCT/EP2006/063486 patent/WO2007006636A2/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-06-23 JP JP2008520829A patent/JP2009501250A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-06-23 PL PL06777431T patent/PL1904582T3/pl unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2007006636A2 (en) | 2007-01-18 |
| EP1904582A2 (en) | 2008-04-02 |
| CN101223247B (zh) | 2015-04-29 |
| US7582150B2 (en) | 2009-09-01 |
| CN101223247A (zh) | 2008-07-16 |
| US20080207806A1 (en) | 2008-08-28 |
| JP2009501250A (ja) | 2009-01-15 |
| ES2496967T3 (es) | 2014-09-22 |
| WO2007006636A3 (en) | 2007-10-04 |
| EP1904582B1 (en) | 2014-08-13 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| PL1904582T3 (pl) | Dyspersje pigmentów z polimerycznymi dyspergatorami posiadającymi boczne grupy chromoforowe | |
| PL1904585T3 (pl) | Dyspersje pigmentów z polimerycznymi dyspergatorami posiadającymi boczne grupy chromoforowe | |
| PL1904581T3 (pl) | Dyspersje pigmentów z polimerycznymi dyspergatorami posiadającymi boczne grupy chromoforowe | |
| PL1904580T3 (pl) | Dyspersje pigmentów z polimerycznymi dyspergatorami posiadającymi boczne grupy chromoforowe | |
| HUE037269T2 (hu) | Pigment diszpergáló szer | |
| EP2220137B8 (en) | Urea-terminated polyurethane dispersants | |
| EP2504371A4 (en) | NETWORKED PIGMENT DISPERSION BASED ON STRUCTURED VINYL POLYMER DISPERSIBLE AGENTS | |
| ZA200709273B (en) | Multiple-function dispersant graft polymer | |
| IL184911A0 (en) | Biostatic polymer | |
| ZA200705178B (en) | Disperse azo dye mixtures | |
| IL195811A0 (en) | Pigment and polymeric materials matted therewith | |
| EP2019849A4 (en) | POLYMERIC DISPERSANTS | |
| PL2087045T3 (pl) | Dyspersja pigmentu | |
| ZA200808099B (en) | Black pigment/auxiliary combination having improved colour strength | |
| EP1910406A4 (en) | COLORING COMPOSITIONS HAVING PEPTIDE DISPERSANTS AND BINDERS | |
| PL1904584T3 (pl) | Dyspersje pigmentów z polimerowymi dyspergatorami posiadającymi boczne grupy chromoforowe | |
| DE602006014231D1 (de) | Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Pigmentdispergatoren und ihre Verwendung | |
| PL2197675T5 (pl) | Niskoblaknące żelkoty o dobrej trwałości koloru | |
| GB0622473D0 (en) | Disperse azo dyestuffs | |
| GB2441261B (en) | Security documents incorporating colour shifting inks | |
| ZA200902863B (en) | Pigment concentrate | |
| ZA200906698B (en) | Pigment composition | |
| GB0712565D0 (en) | Polymeric hair dyes | |
| GB0516860D0 (en) | A dry pigment blend | |
| EP2264105A4 (en) | AZO PIGMENT, DISPERSION OF PIGMENTS CONTAINING AZO PIGMENT AND COLORING COMPOSITIONS |