NZ589542A - Transdermal drug delivery system comprising an active agent in amorphous form and polyvinylpyrrolidone - Google Patents

Transdermal drug delivery system comprising an active agent in amorphous form and polyvinylpyrrolidone

Info

Publication number
NZ589542A
NZ589542A NZ589542A NZ58954209A NZ589542A NZ 589542 A NZ589542 A NZ 589542A NZ 589542 A NZ589542 A NZ 589542A NZ 58954209 A NZ58954209 A NZ 58954209A NZ 589542 A NZ589542 A NZ 589542A
Authority
NZ
New Zealand
Prior art keywords
amorphous form
polyvinylpyrrolidone
drug delivery
transdermal drug
active agent
Prior art date
Application number
NZ589542A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jiashang Tang
Original Assignee
Mylan Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=41380695&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=NZ589542(A) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Mylan Inc filed Critical Mylan Inc
Publication of NZ589542A publication Critical patent/NZ589542A/xx

Links

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/70Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
    • A61K9/7023Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms
    • A61K9/703Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms characterised by shape or structure; Details concerning release liner or backing; Refillable patches; User-activated patches
    • A61K9/7038Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer
    • A61K9/7046Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer the adhesive comprising macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/7053Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer the adhesive comprising macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polyvinyl, polyisobutylene, polystyrene
    • A61K9/7061Polyacrylates
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/70Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
    • A61K9/7023Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms
    • A61K9/703Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms characterised by shape or structure; Details concerning release liner or backing; Refillable patches; User-activated patches
    • A61K9/7038Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer
    • A61K9/7046Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer the adhesive comprising macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/7069Transdermal patches of the drug-in-adhesive type, i.e. comprising drug in the skin-adhesive layer the adhesive comprising macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon to carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. polysiloxane, polyesters, polyurethane, polyethylene oxide
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/70Web, sheet or filament bases ; Films; Fibres of the matrix type containing drug
    • A61K9/7023Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms
    • A61K9/703Transdermal patches and similar drug-containing composite devices, e.g. cataplasms characterised by shape or structure; Details concerning release liner or backing; Refillable patches; User-activated patches
    • A61K9/7092Transdermal patches having multiple drug layers or reservoirs, e.g. for obtaining a specific release pattern, or for combining different drugs
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/04Centrally acting analgesics, e.g. opioids
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/08Antiepileptics; Anticonvulsants
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/20Hypnotics; Sedatives
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P25/00Drugs for disorders of the nervous system
    • A61P25/30Drugs for disorders of the nervous system for treating abuse or dependence
    • A61P25/36Opioid-abuse
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P5/00Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
    • A61P5/24Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the sex hormones
    • A61P5/26Androgens
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P5/00Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system
    • A61P5/24Drugs for disorders of the endocrine system of the sex hormones
    • A61P5/30Oestrogens
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T156/00Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
    • Y10T156/10Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
  • Dermatology (AREA)
  • Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Neurosurgery (AREA)
  • Neurology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Addiction (AREA)
  • Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
  • Diabetes (AREA)
  • Endocrinology (AREA)
  • Psychiatry (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
NZ589542A 2008-05-30 2009-05-29 Transdermal drug delivery system comprising an active agent in amorphous form and polyvinylpyrrolidone NZ589542A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US5745508P 2008-05-30 2008-05-30
PCT/US2009/045739 WO2009158120A2 (en) 2008-05-30 2009-05-29 Stabilized transdermal drug delivery system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
NZ589542A true NZ589542A (en) 2012-10-26

Family

ID=41380695

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
NZ589542A NZ589542A (en) 2008-05-30 2009-05-29 Transdermal drug delivery system comprising an active agent in amorphous form and polyvinylpyrrolidone

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (2) US20110182949A1 (xx)
EP (1) EP2299989B1 (xx)
JP (2) JP5695562B2 (xx)
KR (1) KR101590209B1 (xx)
CN (1) CN102099020B (xx)
AU (2) AU2009262871B2 (xx)
BR (1) BRPI0913214B1 (xx)
CA (1) CA2726136C (xx)
MX (1) MX2010012989A (xx)
NZ (1) NZ589542A (xx)
WO (1) WO2009158120A2 (xx)

Families Citing this family (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20110182949A1 (en) * 2008-05-30 2011-07-28 Jiashang Tang Stabilized transdermal drug delivery system
WO2011034323A2 (en) * 2009-09-16 2011-03-24 Samyang Corporation Transdermal delivery system, method for manufacturing the same, and transdermal delivery method using the system
CA2767068C (en) * 2009-12-22 2016-09-27 Ucb Pharma Gmbh Polyvinylpyrrolidone for the stabilization of a solid dispersion of the non-crystalline form of rotigotine
WO2014028049A1 (en) * 2012-08-15 2014-02-20 Dow Corning Corporation Multi - layer transdermal drug delivery system
TW201431570A (zh) 2012-11-22 2014-08-16 Ucb Pharma Gmbh 用於經皮投服羅替戈汀(Rotigotine)之多天式貼片
JP2016135744A (ja) * 2013-05-08 2016-07-28 株式会社 ケイ・エム トランスダーム 貼付剤
US10046151B2 (en) 2013-07-03 2018-08-14 Lts Lohmann Therapie-Systeme, Ag Transdermal therapeutic system with electronic component
JP6359014B2 (ja) * 2013-08-21 2018-07-18 久光製薬株式会社 貼付剤
EP3096746B1 (en) * 2014-01-22 2019-03-13 4P Therapeutics Abuse and misuse deterrent transdermal systems
JP6895755B2 (ja) 2014-05-20 2021-06-30 エルテーエス ローマン テラピー−ジステーメ アーゲー 経皮送達システムにおける活性薬剤の放出を調節するための方法
WO2015177212A1 (en) 2014-05-20 2015-11-26 Lts Lohmann Therapie-Systeme Ag Transdermal delivery system including an interface mediator
ES2924899T3 (es) 2014-05-20 2022-10-11 Lts Lohmann Therapie Systeme Ag Sistema de administración transdérmica que contiene rotigotina
CA2962080A1 (en) 2014-09-24 2016-03-31 Pain Therapeutics, Inc. 4:3 naltrexone: 5-methyl-2-furaldehyde cocrystal
US10010543B1 (en) 2014-12-23 2018-07-03 Barr Laboratories, Inc. Transdermal dosage form
US9650338B1 (en) 2016-07-29 2017-05-16 VDM Biochemicals, Inc. Opioid antagonist compounds and methods of making and using
CA3047354A1 (en) 2016-12-20 2018-06-28 Lts Lohmann Therapie-Systeme Ag Transdermal therapeutic system containing asenapine and polysiloxane or polyisobutylene
PL3338768T3 (pl) 2016-12-20 2020-05-18 Lts Lohmann Therapie-Systeme Ag Transdermalny system terapeutyczny zawierający asenapinę
KR102241892B1 (ko) 2017-01-25 2021-04-20 한국전자기술연구원 백스캐터 통신을 위한 데이터 부호화 방법 및 이를 위한 장치
EP3395336A1 (en) 2017-04-28 2018-10-31 Nitto Denko Corporation Transdermal absorption preparation
CA3067938A1 (en) 2017-06-26 2019-01-03 Lts Lohmann Therapie-Systeme Ag Transdermal therapeutic system containing asenapine and silicone acrylic hybrid polymer
CA3101420A1 (en) 2018-06-20 2019-12-26 Lts Lohmann Therapie-Systeme Ag Transdermal therapeutic system containing asenapine
CN113453676A (zh) * 2019-02-15 2021-09-28 久光制药株式会社 罗替戈汀稳定化方法
JPWO2020189323A1 (xx) * 2019-03-19 2020-09-24
EP3854388B1 (de) 2020-01-24 2023-10-04 Luye Pharma Switzerland AG Transdermales therapeutisches system mit dem wirkstoff rotigotin und mindestens einem nicht aminresistenten silikonkleber
US20230293510A1 (en) * 2020-08-31 2023-09-21 Nobelpharma Co., Ltd. Patch for alleviating or treating symptoms of neurodegenerative disease
CN112891324A (zh) * 2021-01-19 2021-06-04 北京亚宝生物药业有限公司 一种透皮贴剂
KR102363479B1 (ko) * 2021-03-12 2022-02-15 환인제약 주식회사 로티고틴 함유 경피 흡수 제제
CN116270575A (zh) * 2021-08-16 2023-06-23 乐明药业(苏州)有限公司 一种含有氟比洛芬的药物组合物与贴剂

Family Cites Families (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2920500A1 (de) * 1979-05-21 1980-11-27 Boehringer Sohn Ingelheim Pharmazeutische zubereitung in form eines polyacrylatfilmes
DE3204551A1 (de) * 1982-02-10 1983-08-18 Boehringer Ingelheim KG, 6507 Ingelheim Verfahren zur herstellung einer pharmazeutischen zubereitung in form eines polyacrylat-films
JPS60169414A (ja) * 1984-02-14 1985-09-02 Taisho Pharmaceut Co Ltd 経皮吸収剤
US4797284A (en) * 1986-03-12 1989-01-10 Merck & Co., Inc. Transdermal drug delivery system
US4880633A (en) * 1986-03-12 1989-11-14 Merck & Co., Inc. Transdermal drug delivery system
US4832953A (en) * 1987-08-13 1989-05-23 Alza Corporation Method for preventing the formation of a crystalline hydrate in a dispersion of a liquid in a monaqueous matrix
US5656286A (en) * 1988-03-04 1997-08-12 Noven Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Solubility parameter based drug delivery system and method for altering drug saturation concentration
GB9021674D0 (en) * 1990-10-05 1990-11-21 Ethical Pharma Ltd Transdermal device
US5164190A (en) * 1990-12-11 1992-11-17 Theratech, Inc. Subsaturated transdermal drug delivery device exhibiting enhanced drug flux
IT1253265B (it) * 1991-11-25 1995-07-14 Rotta Research Lab Preparato a matrice copolimerica adesiva a base acrilica per il rilascio transdermico dell'estradiolo.
US5494680A (en) * 1993-12-08 1996-02-27 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Transdermal delivery device
PT781122E (pt) 1994-09-14 2000-11-30 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Matriz para a distribuicao transdermica de farmacos
US5662928A (en) * 1995-04-21 1997-09-02 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Method for the prevention or removal of crystalline scopolamine in a non-aqueous matrix of a transdermal system
KR970009795A (ko) * 1995-08-30 1997-03-27 이웅열 경피투여용 첩부제 조성물
US5906830A (en) * 1995-09-08 1999-05-25 Cygnus, Inc. Supersaturated transdermal drug delivery systems, and methods for manufacturing the same
ATE207348T1 (de) * 1995-12-01 2001-11-15 Alza Corp Verbessertes verfahren zur verhinderung der kristallbildung in einer dispersion eines flüssigen stoffes in einer matrix
US6238700B1 (en) * 1995-12-01 2001-05-29 Alza Corporation Method for preventing crystal formation in a dispersion of a liquid in a matrix
DE19548332A1 (de) * 1995-12-22 1997-07-10 Rotta Res Bv Hormonpflaster
US6623763B2 (en) * 1996-01-08 2003-09-23 Lts Lohmann Therape-System Ag Pharmaceutical preparation adhering to the skin, in particular a transdermal therapeutic system for the release of 17-β-estradiol to the human organism
US5869089A (en) * 1996-03-21 1999-02-09 China-America Technology Corp. (Ctc) Manufacturing method of programmable transdermal therapeutic system
DE19629468A1 (de) * 1996-07-11 1998-01-15 Schering Ag Transdermale therapeutische Systeme
US20040018241A1 (en) * 1997-09-26 2004-01-29 Noven Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Bioadhesive compositions and methods for topical administration of active agents
DE19906152B4 (de) * 1999-02-10 2005-02-10 Jenapharm Gmbh & Co. Kg Wirkstoffhaltige Laminate für Transdermalsysteme
DE10060550C1 (de) * 2000-12-06 2002-04-18 Lohmann Therapie Syst Lts Transdermales therapeutisches System mit dem Wirkstoff Oxybutynin und Verfahren zur Herstellung Oxybutynin enthaltender Wirkstoffschichten
WO2003034961A1 (en) * 2001-10-23 2003-05-01 Euro-Celtique, S.A. Terazosin transdermal device and methods
US8246980B2 (en) * 2002-07-30 2012-08-21 Ucb Pharma Gmbh Transdermal delivery system
DE10261696A1 (de) * 2002-12-30 2004-07-15 Schwarz Pharma Ag Vorrichtung zur transdermalen Verabreichung von Rotigotin-Base
WO2005123046A1 (en) * 2004-06-15 2005-12-29 Amorepacific Corporation Novel transdermal preparation and its producing method
DE102004062182B4 (de) * 2004-12-20 2007-06-06 Bayer Schering Pharma Ag Transdermales Pflaster mit Progesteron A-Spezifische Liganden (PRASL) als Wirkstoff
US20060188558A1 (en) * 2005-02-18 2006-08-24 Mylan Technologies, Inc. Transdermal systems having control delivery system
JP5285279B2 (ja) * 2005-12-28 2013-09-11 久光製薬株式会社 経皮吸収型製剤
US20080226698A1 (en) * 2007-03-16 2008-09-18 Mylan Technologies, Inc. Amorphous drug transdermal systems, manufacturing methods, and stabilization
RU2492858C2 (ru) * 2007-04-11 2013-09-20 Омерос Корпорейшн Композиции и способы профилактики и лечения зависимостей
US20110182949A1 (en) * 2008-05-30 2011-07-28 Jiashang Tang Stabilized transdermal drug delivery system
RU2013139701A (ru) 2011-02-17 2015-03-27 Ф. Хоффманн-Ля Рош Аг Способ контролируемой кристаллизации активного фармацевтического ингредиента из состояния переохлажденной жидкости экструзией горячего распада

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US9226902B2 (en) 2016-01-05
MX2010012989A (es) 2011-04-27
JP2015083569A (ja) 2015-04-30
BRPI0913214A2 (pt) 2016-01-19
US20090299304A1 (en) 2009-12-03
KR20110025931A (ko) 2011-03-14
WO2009158120A3 (en) 2010-03-04
US20110182949A1 (en) 2011-07-28
AU2009262871A1 (en) 2009-12-30
AU2009262871B2 (en) 2016-04-14
CA2726136A1 (en) 2009-12-30
AU2016202212A1 (en) 2016-05-12
EP2299989A4 (en) 2013-11-13
CN102099020A (zh) 2011-06-15
JP2011521974A (ja) 2011-07-28
EP2299989B1 (en) 2019-01-02
CA2726136C (en) 2016-11-01
KR101590209B1 (ko) 2016-02-01
EP2299989A2 (en) 2011-03-30
CN102099020B (zh) 2013-09-18
JP5695562B2 (ja) 2015-04-08
BRPI0913214B1 (pt) 2022-05-17
AU2016202212B2 (en) 2018-05-10
WO2009158120A2 (en) 2009-12-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
NZ589542A (en) Transdermal drug delivery system comprising an active agent in amorphous form and polyvinylpyrrolidone
NZ610701A (en) Once daily formulation of lacosamide
MX2009012273A (es) Dispositivos de suministro transd?rmico que aseguran la liberaci?n mejorada de un principio activo a trav?s de una interfaz biol?gica.
MX2010002452A (es) Sistema de entrega de medicamento transdermico que comprende una capa de liberacion recubierta.
WO2006041908A3 (en) Transdermal delivery of estradiol
MY183873A (en) Transdermal therapeutic system for application of an agent
WO2006041907A3 (en) Transdermal delivery of estradiol
EP2848248A3 (en) Amorphous drug transdermal systems, manufacturing methods, and stabilization
WO2012034079A3 (en) Macrolide dosage forms
MX2015006357A (es) Parche de dias multiples para la administracion transdermica de rotigotina.
JP2016504368A5 (xx)
MY163809A (en) Transdermal drug delivery system containing donepezil
US9700522B2 (en) Transdermal patch and method for delivery of vitamin B12
WO2008090555A3 (en) Medical devices having a matrix adhered thereof
JP2006288887A (ja) 貼付製剤
NZ611920A (en) Percutaneous absorption preparation containing rivastigmine
MX2012002727A (es) Sistema terapeutico transdermico para administrar fentanilo o un analogo del mismo.
MX2012014060A (es) Sistema de suministro de ingredientes activos.
AU2003215657A1 (en) Hormone-containing transdermal therapeutic system with an active substance reservoir based on vinylacetate-vinylpyrrolidone copolymer with improved cohesion.
JP2016505006A5 (xx)
WO2005067499A3 (en) Method and device for topical delivery of therapeutic agents to the skin
NZ608598A (en) A transdermal drug administration device
NZ709521A (en) Transdermal dosage form for low-melting point active agent
US20170112781A1 (en) Transdermal drug delivery systems with polyisobutylene face adhesive
IL198745A0 (en) Transdermal therapeutic system comprising ion fair micro-reservoirs

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PSEA Patent sealed
RENW Renewal (renewal fees accepted)

Free format text: PATENT RENEWED FOR 3 YEARS UNTIL 29 MAY 2016 BY FB RICE

Effective date: 20130612

RENW Renewal (renewal fees accepted)

Free format text: PATENT RENEWED FOR 1 YEAR UNTIL 29 MAY 2017 BY COMPUTER PACKAGES INC

Effective date: 20160503

RENW Renewal (renewal fees accepted)

Free format text: PATENT RENEWED FOR 1 YEAR UNTIL 29 MAY 2018 BY RENEWALS TEAM

Effective date: 20170503

RENW Renewal (renewal fees accepted)

Free format text: PATENT RENEWED FOR 1 YEAR UNTIL 29 MAY 2019 BY RENEWALS TEAM

Effective date: 20180503

RENW Renewal (renewal fees accepted)

Free format text: PATENT RENEWED FOR 1 YEAR UNTIL 29 MAY 2020 BY RENEWALS TEAM

Effective date: 20190514

RENW Renewal (renewal fees accepted)

Free format text: PATENT RENEWED FOR 1 YEAR UNTIL 29 MAY 2021 BY ENVOY

Effective date: 20200528

LAPS Patent lapsed