NZ578143A - A wind turbine apparatus - Google Patents

A wind turbine apparatus

Info

Publication number
NZ578143A
NZ578143A NZ578143A NZ57814307A NZ578143A NZ 578143 A NZ578143 A NZ 578143A NZ 578143 A NZ578143 A NZ 578143A NZ 57814307 A NZ57814307 A NZ 57814307A NZ 578143 A NZ578143 A NZ 578143A
Authority
NZ
New Zealand
Prior art keywords
turbine
turbine blade
wind
axis
thickest portion
Prior art date
Application number
NZ578143A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Graeme Scott Attey
Original Assignee
Design Licensing Internat Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2006906751A external-priority patent/AU2006906751A0/en
Application filed by Design Licensing Internat Pty Ltd filed Critical Design Licensing Internat Pty Ltd
Publication of NZ578143A publication Critical patent/NZ578143A/xx

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/002—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  the axis being horizontal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/04—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  having stationary wind-guiding means, e.g. with shrouds or channels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/30—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/34—Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations on stationary objects or on stationary man-made structures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/301—Cross-section characteristics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/911—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure already existing for a prior purpose
    • F05B2240/9111—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure already existing for a prior purpose which is a chimney
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/90—Mounting on supporting structures or systems
    • F05B2240/91—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure
    • F05B2240/911—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure already existing for a prior purpose
    • F05B2240/9112—Mounting on supporting structures or systems on a stationary structure already existing for a prior purpose which is a building
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/30—Wind power
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/728—Onshore wind turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
NZ578143A 2006-12-04 2007-12-04 A wind turbine apparatus NZ578143A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2006906751A AU2006906751A0 (en) 2006-12-04 Modular wind turbine system
AU2007904481A AU2007904481A0 (en) 2007-08-21 Modular wind turbine system
PCT/AU2007/001865 WO2008067593A1 (en) 2006-12-04 2007-12-04 A wind turbine apparatus

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
NZ578143A true NZ578143A (en) 2013-01-25

Family

ID=39491561

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
NZ578143A NZ578143A (en) 2006-12-04 2007-12-04 A wind turbine apparatus

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US9303622B2 (enExample)
EP (1) EP2102493B1 (enExample)
JP (1) JP2010511831A (enExample)
CN (1) CN101583792B (enExample)
AU (1) AU2007329173B2 (enExample)
CA (1) CA2671858C (enExample)
NZ (1) NZ578143A (enExample)
WO (1) WO2008067593A1 (enExample)

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NZ578143A (en) 2006-12-04 2013-01-25 Design Licensing Internat Pty Ltd A wind turbine apparatus
CN102057157B (zh) 2008-05-07 2016-06-29 设计许可国际集团有限公司 风力涡轮机
GB0912695D0 (en) 2009-07-22 2009-08-26 Power Collective The Ltd A generator
JP2011038468A (ja) * 2009-08-11 2011-02-24 Global Energy Co Ltd 発電車両
KR101068443B1 (ko) * 2009-12-24 2011-09-28 황지선 풍력 발전용 로터
FR2957387B1 (fr) * 2010-03-09 2017-05-12 Erick Gros-Dubois Eolienne a rendement eleve
WO2012028893A2 (en) * 2010-08-31 2012-03-08 Matrahazi Janos Wind turbine
BE1019714A3 (nl) * 2010-12-31 2012-10-02 Dacus Walter Windturbine met verticale as.
US20110232630A1 (en) * 2011-06-03 2011-09-29 Jason Tsao Solar collector/wind deflector conversion of a solar and wind converter
US9022721B2 (en) 2011-10-10 2015-05-05 Wind Power Systems, LLC Vertical axis wind turbine
AT512326B1 (de) * 2011-12-29 2013-09-15 Wind Gmbh T Strömungsmaschine
CN102562442B (zh) * 2012-02-07 2015-09-16 秦皇岛风日和科技有限公司 垂直轴风力发电机叶片
BE1020677A3 (nl) * 2012-05-08 2014-03-04 Devisch Geert Windturbine en gebouw omvattende een dergelijke windturbine.
DK3027892T3 (en) * 2013-08-02 2017-07-24 Vestas Wind Sys As Blade for a wind turbine and a method for making a blade for a wind turbine
USD766808S1 (en) * 2014-08-20 2016-09-20 Don Allen Harwood Wing with slipstream turbine
US10487799B2 (en) * 2015-12-18 2019-11-26 Dan Pendergrass Pressure and vacuum assisted vertical axis wind turbines
JP6302591B1 (ja) * 2017-06-08 2018-03-28 豊 根本 高層ルーフ向けの風力発電機
CN110735763A (zh) * 2019-10-31 2020-01-31 祁家琦 一种垂直轴风力发电机

Family Cites Families (71)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US705922A (en) * 1901-11-13 1902-07-29 Albert Gran Wind-motor.
US1574171A (en) * 1924-04-02 1926-02-23 James T Ryan Windmill
FR604390A (fr) * 1925-10-09 1926-05-03 Leblanc Vickers Maurice Sa Turbine à axe de rotation transversal à la direction du courant
GB561435A (en) 1942-12-23 1944-05-19 Charles Owen Griffith Turbines
US3033441A (en) * 1956-05-08 1962-05-08 Benninger Ag Maschf Turbomachine
US3070287A (en) * 1959-07-16 1962-12-25 Eck Bruno Drum rotor for radial blower
JPS5390543A (en) * 1977-01-18 1978-08-09 Jiyuntarou Yamada Tower type exchanging apparatus of wind and sun shine energy
FR2395409A1 (fr) * 1977-06-20 1979-01-19 Lagarde Jean De Pale flexible et aerogenerateur a axe vertical comportant de telles pales
US4162410A (en) 1977-11-30 1979-07-24 Amick James L Vertical-axis windmill
US4247251A (en) * 1978-05-17 1981-01-27 Wuenscher Hans F Cycloidal fluid flow engine
NL7809790A (nl) * 1978-09-27 1980-03-31 Mattheus Willem Verplanke Inrichting voor het opwekken van energie uit een stro- mend medium.
US4245958A (en) 1978-11-22 1981-01-20 Ewers Marion H Vertical axis wind turbine
JPS55142978A (en) 1979-04-23 1980-11-07 Ogawa Kenbi:Kk Vertical shaft wind wheel
GB2049066A (en) 1979-05-09 1980-12-17 Santos Afonso L D Apparatus for generating energy
US4321476A (en) * 1980-06-24 1982-03-23 Buels Jesse H Bi-directional wind power generator
GB2082260B (en) * 1980-08-20 1984-01-25 Nianbilla Co Ltd Vertical axis windmill
SE433648B (sv) * 1981-05-15 1984-06-04 Saab Scania Ab Varvtalsbegrensande anordning vid en vertikalaxlad vindturbin
US4379972A (en) * 1981-05-26 1983-04-12 Daniel T. Sosa Turbine ventilator
US4430044A (en) * 1981-11-23 1984-02-07 Liljegren L Kenyon Vertical axis wind turbine
US4486143A (en) * 1982-09-01 1984-12-04 Mcvey Paul W Turbine-type wind machine
SE8205692D0 (sv) * 1982-10-06 1982-10-06 Arne F Jonsson Tvers axeln genomstrommad stromningsmaskin med stellbara skovlar
GB8626347D0 (en) 1986-11-04 1986-12-03 Bicc Plc Wind energy convertor
US5076759A (en) 1986-10-29 1991-12-31 Schoenell Juergen Windmill
SU1733680A1 (ru) * 1990-01-03 1992-05-15 Сумский филиал Харьковского политехнического института им.В.И.Ленина Лопасть ветроколеса
SU1733681A1 (ru) 1990-04-27 1992-05-15 Научно-Производственное Объединение По Исследованию И Проектированию Энергетического Оборудования Им.И.И.Ползунова Ветроколесо
GR910200234U (en) * 1990-05-31 1992-07-30 Mihail Valsamidis Turbine wind machine with a vertical axis
US5527151A (en) * 1992-03-04 1996-06-18 Northern Power Systems, Inc. Advanced wind turbine with lift-destroying aileron for shutdown
RU2044157C1 (ru) * 1992-07-31 1995-09-20 Лев Анатольевич Степанов Аэрогидродинамический двигатель
RU2096259C1 (ru) * 1993-11-15 1997-11-20 Владимир Викторович Мозжилкин Роторный вертикально-осевой ветродвижитель
US5451138A (en) * 1994-01-11 1995-09-19 Northeastern University Unidirecional reaction turbine operable under reversible fluid from flow
US5642984A (en) * 1994-01-11 1997-07-01 Northeastern University Helical turbine assembly operable under multidirectional fluid flow for power and propulsion systems
US5640984A (en) * 1995-09-12 1997-06-24 Dubunsky; Emanuel Special fold-up umbrella having rib and frame design for easier opening and closing of umbrella, and two canopies designed to stabilize the ribs and vent the air
FR2752599B1 (fr) * 1996-08-23 2002-11-29 Gual Georges Jean Module stato-eolien a conformation plate et periptere
JPH11107907A (ja) * 1997-10-04 1999-04-20 Yoshiro Nakamatsu 対流エネルギ装置
US6097104A (en) * 1999-01-19 2000-08-01 Russell; Thomas H. Hybrid energy recovery system
JPH11336340A (ja) * 1998-05-25 1999-12-07 Kumagai Gumi Co Ltd 給電装置
IL126678A (en) * 1998-10-20 2003-01-12 Bruce Brill Modular wind energy device
US6884020B2 (en) * 1999-01-06 2005-04-26 Water Power Industries As Turbine driven with a fluid medium
JP2001193631A (ja) * 2000-01-11 2001-07-17 Penta Ocean Constr Co Ltd 風力発電装置
JP2002021705A (ja) * 2000-07-05 2002-01-23 Koji Iizuka 屋根設置用風車
US6784566B2 (en) 2001-01-25 2004-08-31 Robert Nason Thomas Coupled vortex vertical axis wind turbine
NL1019855C2 (nl) * 2001-06-13 2002-12-16 Ngup Holding B V Rotor, windturbine en samenstel daarvan.
US6877948B2 (en) * 2001-07-10 2005-04-12 Alan B. Cutcher Wind turbine generator
US6538340B2 (en) 2001-08-06 2003-03-25 Headwinds Corporation Wind turbine system
JP2003065206A (ja) * 2001-08-24 2003-03-05 Daiwa House Ind Co Ltd 風車設置建物構造
JP3368537B1 (ja) * 2001-11-08 2003-01-20 学校法人東海大学 直線翼型風水車
US6638005B2 (en) 2002-01-17 2003-10-28 John W. Holter Coaxial wind turbine apparatus having a closeable air inlet opening
US6870280B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2005-03-22 Elcho R. Pechler Vertical-axis wind turbine
JP2004019537A (ja) * 2002-06-17 2004-01-22 Ko Yamaguchi クリーンエネルギー発電機
US6740989B2 (en) 2002-08-21 2004-05-25 Pacifex Management Inc. Vertical axis wind turbine
JP3451085B1 (ja) * 2002-09-20 2003-09-29 常夫 野口 風力発電用の風車
JP2004176551A (ja) * 2002-11-25 2004-06-24 Satsuki Seisakusho:Kk ダリウス形風車
US6814070B2 (en) * 2003-01-06 2004-11-09 Davis Energy Group, Inc. Molded polymer solar water heater
JP2005036649A (ja) * 2003-04-23 2005-02-10 Shinko Electric Co Ltd 垂直軸型風力発電装置
WO2004099605A2 (en) * 2003-04-30 2004-11-18 Taylor Ronald J Wind turbine having airfoils for blocking and directing wind and rotors with or without a central gap
DE10328249A1 (de) * 2003-06-24 2005-02-03 Roland Reinhard Windrotor Windkraftmaschine
GB2404700A (en) * 2003-08-01 2005-02-09 Robin Matthew Hilder Roof mounted wind turbine
RU2249125C1 (ru) * 2003-09-24 2005-03-27 Царев Виктор Владимирович Система автономного электро- и теплоснабжения жилых и производственных помещений
JP2005220893A (ja) * 2004-02-03 2005-08-18 Dmw Japan:Kk 全方向型垂直型風車に取り付ける風向蛇付風増速装置
US7008171B1 (en) 2004-03-17 2006-03-07 Circle Wind Corp. Modified Savonius rotor
KR100571123B1 (ko) * 2004-03-19 2006-04-14 주장식 태양열을 이용한 온수가열이 가능한 풍력발전기
US7109599B2 (en) * 2004-05-05 2006-09-19 Watkins Philip G Omni-directional wind turbine electric generation system
WO2005116446A1 (ja) * 2004-05-27 2005-12-08 Intellectual Property Bank Corp. 垂直軸風車用ブレードおよび垂直軸風車
ITCE20050006A1 (it) * 2005-03-11 2006-09-12 Mast S R L B Turbina eolica con rotore a portanza alare e convogliatore
FR2886353A1 (fr) 2005-05-27 2006-12-01 Michel Georges Ponge Turbine aeromotrice avec accelerateur de flux
US20090146432A1 (en) 2005-09-02 2009-06-11 Ballena Abraham E Vertical axis wind turbine
GB2431696B (en) * 2005-10-28 2007-10-03 Adrian Raphael Montford Roof Turbine
GB0612677D0 (en) * 2006-06-27 2006-08-09 Taylor Derek A Energy conversion device for wind & other fluids
NZ578143A (en) 2006-12-04 2013-01-25 Design Licensing Internat Pty Ltd A wind turbine apparatus
CN102057157B (zh) 2008-05-07 2016-06-29 设计许可国际集团有限公司 风力涡轮机
EP2425128B1 (en) * 2009-04-28 2018-12-19 Bang-Moeller, Soeren Combined wing and turbine device for improved utilization of fluid flow energy

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2102493A1 (en) 2009-09-23
US20090304512A1 (en) 2009-12-10
EP2102493B1 (en) 2017-05-03
AU2007329173B2 (en) 2013-12-19
CA2671858C (en) 2015-09-29
JP2010511831A (ja) 2010-04-15
US9303622B2 (en) 2016-04-05
CN101583792A (zh) 2009-11-18
AU2007329173A1 (en) 2008-06-12
EP2102493A4 (en) 2010-10-20
WO2008067593A1 (en) 2008-06-12
CA2671858A1 (en) 2008-06-12
HK1137206A1 (en) 2010-07-23
CN101583792B (zh) 2013-02-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US9683547B2 (en) Wind turbine having nacelle fence
CN103782027B (zh) 具有噪音降低装置的风力涡轮机叶片及相关方法
US10288036B2 (en) Rotor
MX2010001617A (es) Instalacion de energia de flujo.
ATE490405T1 (de) Verfahren zum betrieb einer windturbine, windturbine und verwendung des verfahrens
US20120027594A1 (en) Arrangement for lightning protection
WO2008141763A3 (de) Trägerarm für die flügel von windturbinen mit senkrechter drehachse
EP2009262A3 (en) Gas turbine with multiple gas flow paths
PL2063109T3 (pl) Sposób sterowania turbiną wiatrową
WO2010109231A3 (en) Vertical axis wind turbines
MX2015006563A (es) Turbina de eje vertical.
WO2009009701A3 (en) Lateral wind turbine
EP2762721A3 (en) Method and apparatus for wind turbine noise reduction
WO2011106256A3 (en) Vertical-axis wind turbine having logarithmic curved airfoils
DK200900649A (en) Rotor assembly for a wind turbine and method of assembling the same
JP2010511831A5 (enExample)
CN103299069A (zh) 风车翼和设有该风车翼的风力发电装置以及风车翼的设计方法
EP2562427A3 (en) A rotor for a compressor of a gas turbine
EP2816199A3 (en) Control of low volumetric flow instabilities in steam turbines
WO2012122262A3 (en) Wind turbine rotor blade with improved performance
JP2014501357A (ja) 垂直軸を有する風力タービン
US20180149134A1 (en) Fluid turbine semi-shroud and associated rotor blade dual-winglet design
NO20080703L (no) Turbin for et vannkraftanlegg
WO2009107101A3 (en) Straight darrieus turbine with vertically offset blades
WO2008028675A3 (de) Windkraftanlage

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
ERR Error or correction

Free format text: THE POSTPONEMENT PERIOD HAS BEEN CORRECTED TO 0

Effective date: 20121221

PSEA Patent sealed
RENW Renewal (renewal fees accepted)

Free format text: PATENT RENEWED FOR 3 YEARS UNTIL 04 DEC 2014 BY WATERMARK PATENT AND TRADE MARKS ATTORNEYS

Effective date: 20130506

RENW Renewal (renewal fees accepted)

Free format text: PATENT RENEWED FOR 1 YEAR UNTIL 04 DEC 2015 BY CPA GLOBAL

Effective date: 20141120

RENW Renewal (renewal fees accepted)

Free format text: PATENT RENEWED FOR 1 YEAR UNTIL 04 DEC 2016 BY CPA GLOBAL

Effective date: 20151023

RENW Renewal (renewal fees accepted)

Free format text: PATENT RENEWED FOR 1 YEAR UNTIL 04 DEC 2017 BY CPA GLOBAL

Effective date: 20161111

LAPS Patent lapsed