NO823298L - SURFACE REINFORCEMENT OF POROUS BODIES OR PLATES CONSISTING OF FIBER AND A Hardened Binder - Google Patents
SURFACE REINFORCEMENT OF POROUS BODIES OR PLATES CONSISTING OF FIBER AND A Hardened BinderInfo
- Publication number
- NO823298L NO823298L NO823298A NO823298A NO823298L NO 823298 L NO823298 L NO 823298L NO 823298 A NO823298 A NO 823298A NO 823298 A NO823298 A NO 823298A NO 823298 L NO823298 L NO 823298L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- surface reinforcement
- porous bodies
- fiber
- binder
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methoxy-6-methylphenol Chemical compound [CH]OC1=CC=CC([CH])=C1O KXGFMDJXCMQABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 acrylic ester Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N butadiene-styrene rubber Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 MTAZNLWOLGHBHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enylbenzene Chemical compound C=CCC1=CC=CC=C1 HJWLCRVIBGQPNF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/46—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with organic materials
- C04B41/48—Macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/60—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only artificial stone
- C04B41/61—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/62—Coating or impregnation with organic materials
- C04B41/63—Macromolecular compounds
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
- E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Finishing Walls (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Building Environments (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en overflateforsterkning av porøse legemer eller plater bestående av fibre og et herdet bindemiddel, f.eks. minerallfibre og herdet fenolharpiks som danner et delvis elastisk gitter med gjennomgående hulrom mellom fibrene. The present invention relates to a surface reinforcement of porous bodies or plates consisting of fibers and a hardened binder, e.g. mineral fibers and hardened phenolic resin which form a partially elastic lattice with continuous cavities between the fibers.
Det er kjent fra blant annet dansk patent nr. 97863 å forsterke mineralullplater fremstilt av f.eks. glassull, stenull eller slaggull ved påføring av en opp-løsning. De benyttede oppløsningene utfyller imidlertid hulrommene som finnes i de porøse legemene, slik at de er damp- og lufttette. It is known from, among other things, Danish patent no. 97863 to reinforce mineral wool sheets made from e.g. glass wool, rock wool or beaten gold when applying a solution. The solutions used, however, fill the cavities found in the porous bodies, so that they are vapor and air tight.
Isoleringsevnen og lydabsorpsjonsevnen på slike plater blir forringet meget vesentlig. Lukkingen av hulrommene er meget uheldig når de porøse legemene skal benyttes til blant annet utvendig bekledning og isolering av vegger og tak, idet slike legemer i det minste skal være dampdiffusjonsåpne. The insulating capacity and sound absorption capacity of such boards deteriorates very significantly. The closing of the cavities is very unfortunate when the porous bodies are to be used for external cladding and insulation of walls and ceilings, as such bodies must at least be open to vapor diffusion.
Hensikten med foreliggende oppfinnelse er å unngå ovennevnte ulemper,og dette oppnås ved det som angis.i krav 1 . The purpose of the present invention is to avoid the above-mentioned disadvantages, and this is achieved by what is stated in claim 1.
Ved hjelp av trekkene i underkravene fåes et produkt med optimale egenskaper og tørketid. With the help of the features in the sub-claims, a product with optimal properties and drying time is obtained.
De forsterkede porøse legemene ifølge oppfinnelsen er godt egnet til bruk ved utvendig bekledning og isolering av bygninger. Slike bekledninger skal ha en hard overflate, være dampdiffusjonsåpne samtidig med at de har gode trykk-, trekk- og bøyebruddstyrker. Legemene skal dessuten være billige å fremstille og montere. Legemene ifølge oppfinnelsen har disse egenskaper, idet de kan settes opp på eksisterende vegger med lim eller med mekanisk fastgjøring. De har en hard overflate og behøver således ingen ytterligere overflatebehandling. Ønskes imidlertid en annen farge eller struktur på overflaten, er den velegnet til påføring av slike materialer uten ytterligere foranstaltninger, idet'legemenes overflater er velegnet til påføring av alminnelige fasademalinger og -puss. The reinforced porous bodies according to the invention are well suited for use in exterior cladding and insulation of buildings. Such coverings must have a hard surface, be open to vapor diffusion and at the same time have good compressive, tensile and flexural strength. The bodies must also be cheap to manufacture and assemble. The bodies according to the invention have these properties, as they can be set up on existing walls with glue or with mechanical fastening. They have a hard surface and thus do not need any further surface treatment. However, if a different color or texture is desired on the surface, it is suitable for applying such materials without further measures, as the bodies' surfaces are suitable for applying ordinary facade paints and plasters.
Utvendig bekledning og isolering av bygninger med legemer ifølge oppfinnelsen kan gjøres for ca. halv pris av hva det koster med tradisjonelle metoder, som f.eks. beskrevet i EPC-patentansøkning nr. 17969. Videre blir bekledningen ifølge oppfinnelsen vesentlig lettere enn de kjente bekledningssystemer. External cladding and insulation of buildings with bodies according to the invention can be done for approx. half the price of what it costs with traditional methods, such as e.g. described in EPC patent application no. 17969. Furthermore, the cladding according to the invention is significantly lighter than the known cladding systems.
Oppfinnelsen skal i det følgende forklares nærmere under henvisning til tegningen. Fig. 1 viser skjematisk de på forhånd sammen-bundne fibre uten fyllmasse. Fig. 2 viser de samme fibre med flytende fyllmasse, og The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. Fig. 1 schematically shows the pre-bonded fibers without filler. Fig. 2 shows the same fibers with liquid filler, and
fig. 3 viser de samme fibre med tørket fyllmasse. fig. 3 shows the same fibers with dried filler.
Figurene viser fibrene i et plan, men i de porøse legemene danner de rommelige gittere. The figures show the fibers in a plane, but in the porous bodies they form spacious lattices.
I fig. 1 er det skjematisk og meget forstørret vist noen fibre 1 i et lite utsnitt av en porøs mineralull-plate. Fibrene 1 er sammenholdt til hverandre i kryss-ningspunkter 2 med et bindemiddel, f.eks. herdet fenolharpiks, slik at det dannes hulrom 3. In fig. 1 shows schematically and greatly enlarged some fibers 1 in a small section of a porous mineral wool sheet. The fibers 1 are held together at crossing points 2 with a binder, e.g. hardened phenolic resin, so that cavities are formed 3.
I fig. 2 vises det samme som i fig. 1, men det er nå tilført en flytende fyllmasse som skjematisk er vist som små prikker. Den flytende fyllmassen utfyller hulrommene 3. Den flytende fyllmassen er tilsatt et fordampbart oppløsningsmiddel. Når oppløsningsmiddelet for-damper, trekker fyllmassen seg sammen omkring fibrene 1, som vist skjematisk i fig. 3, og legger seg som en sammen-hengende forsterkende hinne eller film 4 og trekker seg nesten helt vekk fra hulrommene 3, så de bli åpne og innbyrdes forbundet igjen, hvorved mineralullplaten blir damp-diffusjons- og luftåpen igjen. Det skjer en fysisk tørking med et stort volumsvinn. Den tørkede fyllmassen-legger seg som en forsterkning omkring de enkelte fibre 1 og kryssningspunktene 2. Den tørkede fyllmassen 4 støtter derved de enkelte fibrene 1 slik at de støttes under trykkpåvirkning, hvorved fibrene 1 ikke kan bøye ut og knekke. Samtidig forsterkes kryssningspunktene slik at strekkstyrken likeledes økes. Hele mineralullplatens trykk-strekk- og bøyestyrke er således økt vesentlig, samtidig med at overflaten er blitt hard uten at platens porøsitet er endret nevneverdig. Noen av fibrene kan ligge tett sammen, slik at de danner såkalte fiberbunter. Fyllmassen vil da legge seg omkring fiberbuntene. Den flytende fyllmassen som innføres i den porøse mineralull-flaten kan være en emulsjon eller en oppløsning. Fyllmassen kan være f-, eks. en kautsjuk, polyvinylacetat, polyvinylklorid/vinyleter eller copolymerisater, som kan være av styren/butadien eller vinyltoluen/akrylester. Fyllmassen kan være oppløst i et oppløsningsmiddel,f.eks. aromatiske oppløsninger eller forbindelser, alifater, estere eller ketoner. Av aromatiske forbindelser kan nevnes xylol og toluol. In fig. 2 shows the same as in fig. 1, but a liquid filler has now been added which is schematically shown as small dots. The liquid filling mass fills the cavities 3. The liquid filling mass has added an evaporable solvent. When the solvent evaporates, the filling mass contracts around the fibers 1, as shown schematically in fig. 3, and lays down as a continuous reinforcing membrane or film 4 and pulls almost completely away from the cavities 3, so that they become open and interconnected again, whereby the mineral wool sheet becomes open to steam diffusion and air again. A physical drying takes place with a large loss of volume. The dried filler is placed as a reinforcement around the individual fibers 1 and the crossing points 2. The dried filler 4 thereby supports the individual fibers 1 so that they are supported under pressure, whereby the fibers 1 cannot bend out and break. At the same time, the crossing points are reinforced so that the tensile strength is also increased. The compressive-tensile and bending strength of the entire mineral wool board has thus been significantly increased, while at the same time the surface has become hard without the board's porosity having changed appreciably. Some of the fibers can lie close together, so that they form so-called fiber bundles. The filler will then settle around the fiber bundles. The liquid filler that is introduced into the porous mineral wool surface can be an emulsion or a solution. The filler can be f-, e.g. a rubber, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride/vinyl ether or copolymers, which may be of styrene/butadiene or vinyl toluene/acrylic ester. The filler can be dissolved in a solvent, e.g. aromatic solutions or compounds, aliphatics, esters or ketones. Aromatic compounds include xylol and toluene.
Til fyllmassen kan også tilsettes forskjellige materialer, som forbedrer det forsterkede produkts egenskaper. Det kan f.eks. tilsettes fargestoffer, brann-hemmende stoffer og bløtgjørende stoffer. Hvis det som bløtgjørende stoff tilsettes klorerende parafintyper, elimineres revnedannelse ved svinn. Den flytende fyllmassen kan påføres ved sprøyting med en lakkeringsmaskin eller platen kan dyppes i et kar som inneholder den flytende fyllmasse. Avhengig av hvor mye oppløsningsmiddel som tilsettes, kan inntrengningshastighet, -dybde og porøsitet m.v. reguleres. Den flytende fyllmassen kan bringes til å trenge gjennom hele platen, hvis dette er ønskelig. Fyllmassen kan inneholde opptil nesten 100% fordampbart opp-løsningsmiddel . Different materials can also be added to the filling mass, which improve the properties of the reinforced product. It can e.g. dyes, fire-retardant substances and softening substances are added. If chlorinating paraffin types are added as a softening agent, cracking due to shrinkage is eliminated. The liquid filler can be applied by spraying with a painting machine or the panel can be dipped in a vessel containing the liquid filler. Depending on how much solvent is added, penetration speed, depth and porosity etc. regulated. The liquid filler can be made to penetrate the entire plate, if this is desired. The filler can contain up to almost 100% volatile solvent.
Den forsterkede mineralullplaten som kan ha for-skjellig romvekt og tykkelse er naturligvis også velegnet til bruk andre steder enn nevnt ovenfor. The reinforced mineral wool board, which can have different bulk density and thickness, is of course also suitable for use in other places than mentioned above.
Den beskrevne idé er ikke begrenset til forsterkning av mineralull, men kan anvendes til forsterkning av alle porøse legemer som er oppbygget av fibre, f.eks. cellulosefibre eller treull. The described idea is not limited to the reinforcement of mineral wool, but can be used for the reinforcement of all porous bodies which are made up of fibres, e.g. cellulose fibers or wood wool.
Når mineralullplatene skal benyttes til utvendig bekledning, vil pålegging av den flytende fyllmassen i en mengde på under 51 g/m 2 normalt være tilstrekkelig og en inntrengning på under 10 mm være nok. When the mineral wool sheets are to be used for exterior cladding, application of the liquid filler in an amount of less than 51 g/m 2 will normally be sufficient and a penetration of less than 10 mm will be enough.
Claims (3)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DK443481A DK443481A (en) | 1981-10-07 | 1981-10-07 | INSULATION PLATE |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO823298L true NO823298L (en) | 1983-04-08 |
Family
ID=8133481
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO823298A NO823298L (en) | 1981-10-07 | 1982-09-30 | SURFACE REINFORCEMENT OF POROUS BODIES OR PLATES CONSISTING OF FIBER AND A Hardened Binder |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
BE (1) | BE894626A (en) |
CH (1) | CH659271A5 (en) |
DE (1) | DE3236750A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK443481A (en) |
FI (1) | FI823384L (en) |
FR (1) | FR2514043B1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2107371B (en) |
LU (1) | LU84411A1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL8203873A (en) |
NO (1) | NO823298L (en) |
SE (1) | SE8205702L (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DK152693C (en) * | 1984-02-14 | 1988-08-29 | Rockwool Int | Insulation plate for basement walls and method of making the insulation plate |
DE3644067C2 (en) * | 1986-12-22 | 1995-04-20 | Lignotock Gmbh | Process for gluing fibers, filaments, chips or similar pourable raw materials and device for carrying out the process |
DK164129C (en) * | 1990-03-19 | 1992-10-12 | Rockwool Int | EXTERNAL INSULATION Layer |
KR960700146A (en) * | 1993-11-11 | 1996-01-19 | 한스 훌탁 | Rockwool products and methods for producing them and the binder foam used against them |
WO1995013253A1 (en) * | 1993-11-11 | 1995-05-18 | Isover Saint-Gobain | Mineral wool product, method for its production, impregnating mass therefor, and use thereof |
EP0728124B2 (en) * | 1993-11-11 | 2000-12-27 | Grünzweig + Hartmann AG | Rock wool product and process for its manufacture, coating material therefor and use thereof |
DE19756930A1 (en) * | 1997-12-20 | 1999-06-24 | Josef Scherer | Surface reinforcement of building components e.g. concrete structures |
NL1007990C2 (en) * | 1998-01-09 | 1999-07-12 | J & M Beheer B V | Building. |
DE10100640A1 (en) * | 2001-01-09 | 2002-07-11 | Saint Gobain Isover G & H Ag | Insulation material web made of mineral wool can be rolled up |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3278967A (en) * | 1963-03-14 | 1966-10-18 | Carborundum Co | Fibrous doormat |
GB1267663A (en) * | 1968-06-13 | 1972-03-22 | Secr Defence | Thermoplastic materials |
DE1810899A1 (en) * | 1968-11-26 | 1970-06-04 | Wanit Gmbh | Asbestos-cement objects |
CH537885A (en) * | 1969-10-08 | 1973-06-15 | Disbon Gmbh | Surface-treatment of concrete - with resin soln in real and latent solvent mixt |
-
1981
- 1981-10-07 DK DK443481A patent/DK443481A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1982
- 1982-09-30 NO NO823298A patent/NO823298L/en unknown
- 1982-10-05 DE DE19823236750 patent/DE3236750A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1982-10-05 GB GB08228397A patent/GB2107371B/en not_active Expired
- 1982-10-05 FI FI823384A patent/FI823384L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-10-06 NL NL8203873A patent/NL8203873A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-10-06 SE SE8205702A patent/SE8205702L/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1982-10-06 FR FR8216735A patent/FR2514043B1/en not_active Expired
- 1982-10-07 LU LU84411A patent/LU84411A1/en unknown
- 1982-10-07 CH CH5907/82A patent/CH659271A5/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1982-10-07 BE BE0/209189A patent/BE894626A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL8203873A (en) | 1983-05-02 |
FR2514043B1 (en) | 1986-04-25 |
GB2107371B (en) | 1985-08-14 |
CH659271A5 (en) | 1987-01-15 |
SE8205702D0 (en) | 1982-10-06 |
FI823384L (en) | 1983-04-08 |
SE8205702L (en) | 1983-04-08 |
DK443481A (en) | 1983-04-08 |
FI823384A0 (en) | 1982-10-05 |
DE3236750A1 (en) | 1983-05-05 |
FR2514043A1 (en) | 1983-04-08 |
LU84411A1 (en) | 1983-06-13 |
GB2107371A (en) | 1983-04-27 |
BE894626A (en) | 1983-01-31 |
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