NO811970L - Fremgangsmaate for fremstilling av et avvokset smoereolje-basismateriale. - Google Patents
Fremgangsmaate for fremstilling av et avvokset smoereolje-basismateriale.Info
- Publication number
- NO811970L NO811970L NO811970A NO811970A NO811970L NO 811970 L NO811970 L NO 811970L NO 811970 A NO811970 A NO 811970A NO 811970 A NO811970 A NO 811970A NO 811970 L NO811970 L NO 811970L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- hydrogen
- hydrocracking
- awaxing
- kpa
- ammonia
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 35
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004523 catalytic cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 1
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052680 mordenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G47/00—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions
- C10G47/02—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G47/10—Cracking of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen- generating compounds, to obtain lower boiling fractions characterised by the catalyst used with catalysts deposited on a carrier
- C10G47/12—Inorganic carriers
- C10G47/16—Crystalline alumino-silicate carriers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G65/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only
- C10G65/02—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only
- C10G65/12—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by two or more hydrotreatment processes only plural serial stages only including cracking steps and other hydrotreatment steps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G49/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils, in the presence of hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds, not provided for in a single one of groups C10G45/02, C10G45/32, C10G45/44, C10G45/58 or C10G47/00
- C10G49/22—Separation of effluents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G67/00—Treatment of hydrocarbon oils by at least one hydrotreatment process and at least one process for refining in the absence of hydrogen only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2400/00—Products obtained by processes covered by groups C10G9/00 - C10G69/14
- C10G2400/10—Lubricating oil
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Lubricants (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US06/159,011 US4283272A (en) | 1980-06-12 | 1980-06-12 | Manufacture of hydrocracked low pour lubricating oils |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO811970L true NO811970L (no) | 1981-12-14 |
Family
ID=22570686
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO811970A NO811970L (no) | 1980-06-12 | 1981-06-11 | Fremgangsmaate for fremstilling av et avvokset smoereolje-basismateriale. |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4283272A (pt) |
| EP (1) | EP0042238B1 (pt) |
| JP (1) | JPS5725388A (pt) |
| KR (1) | KR840001581B1 (pt) |
| AR (1) | AR244310A1 (pt) |
| BR (1) | BR8103730A (pt) |
| CA (1) | CA1165260A (pt) |
| DE (1) | DE3170384D1 (pt) |
| ES (1) | ES502964A0 (pt) |
| MX (1) | MX157364A (pt) |
| NO (1) | NO811970L (pt) |
| SG (1) | SG31984G (pt) |
| ZA (1) | ZA813718B (pt) |
Families Citing this family (37)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4347121A (en) * | 1980-10-09 | 1982-08-31 | Chevron Research Company | Production of lubricating oils |
| US4877762A (en) * | 1981-05-26 | 1989-10-31 | Union Oil Company Of California | Catalyst for simultaneous hydrotreating and hydrodewaxing of hydrocarbons |
| US4790927A (en) * | 1981-05-26 | 1988-12-13 | Union Oil Company Of California | Process for simultaneous hydrotreating and hydrodewaxing of hydrocarbons |
| US4428825A (en) | 1981-05-26 | 1984-01-31 | Union Oil Company Of California | Catalytic hydrodewaxing process with added ammonia in the production of lubricating oils |
| US4414097A (en) * | 1982-04-19 | 1983-11-08 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Catalytic process for manufacture of low pour lubricating oils |
| US5284573A (en) * | 1982-05-18 | 1994-02-08 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Simultaneous catalytic hydrocracking and hydrodewaxing of hydrocarbon oils with zeolite beta |
| US5128024A (en) * | 1982-05-18 | 1992-07-07 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Simultaneous catalytic hydrocracking and hydrodewaxing of hydrocarbon oils with zeolite beta |
| US4610778A (en) * | 1983-04-01 | 1986-09-09 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Two-stage hydrocarbon dewaxing process |
| US4549955A (en) * | 1983-12-05 | 1985-10-29 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Process for stabilizing hydroprocessed lubricating oil stocks by the addition of hydrogen sulfide |
| US4695364A (en) * | 1984-12-24 | 1987-09-22 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Lube or light distillate hydrodewaxing method and apparatus with light product removal and enhanced lube yields |
| US4720337A (en) * | 1984-12-24 | 1988-01-19 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Hydrodewaxing method with interstage separation of light products |
| US4683052A (en) * | 1985-06-11 | 1987-07-28 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Method for non-oxidative hydrogen reactivation of zeolite dewaxing catalysts |
| US5139647A (en) * | 1989-08-14 | 1992-08-18 | Chevron Research And Technology Company | Process for preparing low pour middle distillates and lube oil using a catalyst containing a silicoaluminophosphate molecular sieve |
| US5358627A (en) * | 1992-01-31 | 1994-10-25 | Union Oil Company Of California | Hydroprocessing for producing lubricating oil base stocks |
| US5365003A (en) * | 1993-02-25 | 1994-11-15 | Mobil Oil Corp. | Shape selective conversion of hydrocarbons over extrusion-modified molecular sieve |
| US5993643A (en) * | 1993-07-22 | 1999-11-30 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Process for naphtha hydrocracking |
| US6224748B1 (en) | 1993-07-22 | 2001-05-01 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Process for hydrocracking cycle oil |
| US6217747B1 (en) | 1993-07-22 | 2001-04-17 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Process for selective wax hydrocracking |
| US5611912A (en) * | 1993-08-26 | 1997-03-18 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Production of high cetane diesel fuel by employing hydrocracking and catalytic dewaxing techniques |
| AU683938B2 (en) * | 1993-10-08 | 1997-11-27 | Albemarle Netherlands B.V. | Hydrocracking and hydrodewaxing process |
| US5855767A (en) * | 1994-09-26 | 1999-01-05 | Star Enterprise | Hydrorefining process for production of base oils |
| JPH08332920A (ja) * | 1995-06-09 | 1996-12-17 | Masashiro Nishiyama | 車両用後方確認ミラー装置及び車両用後方確認ミラーに付着した水の除去方法 |
| KR970074901A (ko) * | 1996-05-14 | 1997-12-10 | 조규향 | 미전환유를 이용하여 연료유 및 윤활기유를 제조하는 방법 |
| US6179995B1 (en) | 1998-03-14 | 2001-01-30 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Residuum hydrotreating/hydrocracking with common hydrogen supply |
| US6096190A (en) * | 1998-03-14 | 2000-08-01 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Hydrocracking/hydrotreating process without intermediate product removal |
| US6224747B1 (en) | 1998-03-14 | 2001-05-01 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Hydrocracking and hydrotreating |
| US6200462B1 (en) | 1998-04-28 | 2001-03-13 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Process for reverse gas flow in hydroprocessing reactor systems |
| US6337010B1 (en) | 1999-08-02 | 2002-01-08 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Process scheme for producing lubricating base oil with low pressure dewaxing and high pressure hydrofinishing |
| US6294080B1 (en) * | 1999-10-21 | 2001-09-25 | Uop Llc | Hydrocracking process product recovery method |
| US6676829B1 (en) | 1999-12-08 | 2004-01-13 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Process for removing sulfur from a hydrocarbon feed |
| AU785312B2 (en) * | 2001-09-04 | 2007-01-11 | Uop Llc | Hydrocracking process product recovery method |
| US20070017870A1 (en) | 2003-09-30 | 2007-01-25 | Belov Yuri P | Multicapillary device for sample preparation |
| US8137531B2 (en) * | 2003-11-05 | 2012-03-20 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Integrated process for the production of lubricating base oils and liquid fuels from Fischer-Tropsch materials using split feed hydroprocessing |
| CN101333460B (zh) * | 2007-06-26 | 2011-11-30 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 生产润滑油基础油的组合工艺方法 |
| US8431014B2 (en) * | 2009-10-06 | 2013-04-30 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Process and catalyst system for improving dewaxing catalyst stability and lubricant oil yield |
| JP5799207B2 (ja) | 2011-12-07 | 2015-10-21 | パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 | マスクホルダ |
| CA2891885C (en) | 2012-11-28 | 2021-10-26 | Shell Internationale Research Maatschappij B.V. | Hydrotreating and dewaxing process |
Family Cites Families (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3486993A (en) * | 1968-01-24 | 1969-12-30 | Chevron Res | Catalytic production of low pour point lubricating oils |
| US3530061A (en) * | 1969-07-16 | 1970-09-22 | Mobil Oil Corp | Stable hydrocarbon lubricating oils and process for forming same |
| US3717571A (en) * | 1970-11-03 | 1973-02-20 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Hydrogen purification and recycle in hydrogenating heavy mineral oils |
| GB1404406A (en) * | 1973-02-08 | 1975-08-28 | British Petroleum Co | Production of lubricating oils |
| US3852207A (en) * | 1973-03-26 | 1974-12-03 | Chevron Res | Production of stable lubricating oils by sequential hydrocracking and hydrogenation |
| US4057489A (en) * | 1976-12-29 | 1977-11-08 | Gulf Research & Development Company | Process for producing a transformer oil having lower pour point and improved oxidation stability |
| US4137148A (en) * | 1977-07-20 | 1979-01-30 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Manufacture of specialty oils |
| US4181598A (en) * | 1977-07-20 | 1980-01-01 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Manufacture of lube base stock oil |
| NL7713122A (nl) * | 1977-11-29 | 1979-05-31 | Shell Int Research | Werkwijze voor de bereiding van koolwaterstoffen. |
| US4238316A (en) * | 1978-07-06 | 1980-12-09 | Atlantic Richfield Company | Two-stage catalytic process to produce lubricating oils |
| US4162962A (en) * | 1978-09-25 | 1979-07-31 | Chevron Research Company | Sequential hydrocracking and hydrogenating process for lube oil production |
-
1980
- 1980-06-12 US US06/159,011 patent/US4283272A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1981
- 1981-05-25 CA CA000378263A patent/CA1165260A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-06-03 ZA ZA00813718A patent/ZA813718B/xx unknown
- 1981-06-04 EP EP81302481A patent/EP0042238B1/en not_active Expired
- 1981-06-04 DE DE8181302481T patent/DE3170384D1/de not_active Expired
- 1981-06-09 AR AR81285648A patent/AR244310A1/es active
- 1981-06-11 NO NO811970A patent/NO811970L/no unknown
- 1981-06-11 ES ES502964A patent/ES502964A0/es active Granted
- 1981-06-11 BR BR8103730A patent/BR8103730A/pt unknown
- 1981-06-12 JP JP8975281A patent/JPS5725388A/ja active Granted
- 1981-06-12 KR KR1019810002121A patent/KR840001581B1/ko active
- 1981-06-12 MX MX187772A patent/MX157364A/es unknown
-
1984
- 1984-04-19 SG SG319/84A patent/SG31984G/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES8203952A1 (es) | 1982-04-16 |
| CA1165260A (en) | 1984-04-10 |
| AR244310A1 (es) | 1993-10-29 |
| ES502964A0 (es) | 1982-04-16 |
| KR840001581B1 (ko) | 1984-10-08 |
| EP0042238A1 (en) | 1981-12-23 |
| DE3170384D1 (en) | 1985-06-13 |
| US4283272A (en) | 1981-08-11 |
| KR830006411A (ko) | 1983-09-24 |
| ZA813718B (en) | 1983-01-26 |
| JPS5725388A (en) | 1982-02-10 |
| EP0042238B1 (en) | 1985-05-08 |
| JPS624440B2 (pt) | 1987-01-30 |
| SG31984G (en) | 1985-02-08 |
| BR8103730A (pt) | 1982-03-02 |
| MX157364A (es) | 1988-11-18 |
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