NO801204L - PROCEDURE FOR FITTING OR INSTALLATION OF A BITUMINOEST ROOF COAT OR OTHER WATERPROOF COAT - Google Patents

Description

The present patent application is separated from the patent application

no. 634/73 which concerns a laminated bituminous material for roof coverings and the like. The present invention relates to a method for placing or mounting such material.

The invention according to the main application concerns more precisely

a new type of self-adhesive plate or sheet-shaped reusable material suitable for covering roofs or as waterproof coverings on roofs, floors or the like. The material consists of a plate-like base element or base sheet which is completely or partially coated on one or both sides with one or more bituminous layers or layers, so that at least one of the layers is composed of both bitumen and rubber and/or resin which further is laminated completely or partially on the surface of the bituminous layer on the base sheet, a releasable sheet or tear-off sheet being laid over the entire surface of the composite bituminous layer. The material can be arranged on a substrate or substrate in a simple way without the bitumen material needing to be melted or liquefied, as is the case with the conventional application

in procedures.

The present invention thus relates to a method for applying a multi-layer bituminous roof membrane which is self-adhesive and can be applied to the finished roof system or to a waterproof construction on roofs, floors, basement walls, walls in underpasses and subways, tunnels, bridges, reservoirs, canals or the like .

In the present description, the terms "bituminous" and "bitumen" can be equated with the term "asphalt", which essentially means petroleum asphalt.

The conventional application method in the known systems where ordinary bituminous roofing felt and/or similar types of roofing membranes and bitumen are used as the main material itself, has been used fairly extensively in roofing or waterproofing of the above-mentioned type.

The usual type of bituminous roofing felt or sheets used in this application method mainly comprises a base sheet of sheet-like material such as paper, cardboard; tissue, synthetic polymer film or metal foil with a bitumen layer coated on one or both outer surfaces of the base sheet and mineral powder or - grains, for example fine gravel, sand or talc on the outer surface of the bitumen layer." This type of bituminous roof membrane is usually produced in the following way.

A base sheet such as may be paper, cardboard, woven or non-woven fabric, glass wool, synthetic polymer film or metal foil, is first coated with molten bitumen on one or both outer surfaces to provide a bitumen layer of sufficient thickness. When a fiber sheet, such as paper, cardboard, woven or non-woven fabric or glass wool, is used as a substrate element, the fibrous sheet can be impregnated with melted bitumen before it is coated, so that the cavities in the fibrous sheet are filled with bitumen. When a synthetic polymer film or a metal foil is used, the substrate material can be surface treated before the coating, so that a better affinity to bitumen is obtained.

To make the bitumen material stickier, it can

in another step, mineral grains or powder are added, e.g. fine gravel, sand or talc on the bituminous surface. A thin film or foil of a synthetic polymer or of metal can alternatively be made to adhere to the bitumen coated outer surface. The type of thin film or foil to be used depends on what the membrane is to be used for.

The sheet treated in this way is finally cooled to ambient temperature by e.g. brought into contact with rotating cooling rollers to transfer the bitumen material to a solid state. The finished end product is stored and handled in the form of rolls or bales.

The mineral grains or powder or the thin film or foil that is applied to the surface according to this method can be used to prevent the bitumen layer rafts from sticking to each other during storage and handling in rolls or bales.

This surface layer can also be useful in some cases

to protect the exposed bitumen surface layer after the bituminous roof membrane is in place.

In the case of the conventionally structured system for execution of

the above method, the bituminous roof layer or waterproof layer is formed in the following way. Molten bitumen

which in nature occurs in solid form at normal room temperature or outside temperature, is heated to a temperature of approximately 200°C or more and coated or poured onto a substrate. The usual bituminous roof membrane is then applied over the bitumen layer on the substrate at a time when the bitumen layer is still warm and is sufficiently liquid and sticky, whereby the bituminous roof membrane adheres to it. applied or exposed bitumen layers. This work step can generally be repeated as many times as desired. The bituminous materials form waterproof roof layers or waterproof layers, and comprise a laminate of bitumen layers as waterproof material and a bituminous membrane as reinforcement or reinforcement, as the layers are built up alternately - one after the other.

This method of application therefore necessarily requires heating the bitumen material to a molten state, and this is inevitably associated with material or immaterial disadvantages, such as requirements for larger space, more equipment, work, fuel and time. These requirements will of course also entail greater costs.

i This conventional imposition procedure is also far from problem-free, e.g. there is a risk of fire when heating the bitumen material, the possibility of personal injury such as e.g. in the event of a fire occurring during transport and handling of the molten, hot bitumen material, air pollution, especially in densely built-up areas, arising from smoke and exhaust gases, as well as strong odors arising from molten bitumen.

A problem that cannot be overlooked in terms of negative effects is that the bitumen material itself acquires poorer properties when it is heated for a long time at high temperatures, as this leads to a deterioration of roof constructions that are equipped with such waterproof membranes .

In order to eliminate these problems, various attempts have been made to use so-called cold application methods in which different types of bitumen materials which have been transferred to liquid form without heating are applied at normal ambient temperature instead of as molten bitumen, the bitumen material being in the form of a solution in a suitable solvent or as an aqueous dispersion. However, this cold imposition method has not been used as widely as one would think, as it is still associated with technical and economic problems.

One purpose of the invention is to provide a new application method for bituminous membranes on roofs or other waterproof constructions, where a melting or transfer of bitumen to a liquid state is not used, as this step has been unavoidable with the conventional application methods.

The invention thus relates to a method for placing or installing a bituminous roof coating or other waterproof coating, and the method according to the invention is characterized by the following steps: a) laying a multi-layer laminated bituminous roof coating, comprising the combination of 1) a sheet-shaped base element with at least one bitumen coating on all or part of one surface of the element, 2) at least one composite bitumen coating with high stickiness and comprising both bitumen and rubber and/or resin in the bitumen material, the composite bitumen coating being laminated completely or partially on the surface of the bitumen coating on the base sheet and 3) at least one release sheet laid over the entire surface of the composite bituminous coating, on a base sheet so that the laminated bituminous layers at least partially overlap each other, b) removing the release sheets from the roofing along the overlapping portions of the roofing so that the exposed bituminous layers come into direct contact with each other, and c) that the composite bituminous layers are connected to each other along the overlapping portions to thereby form a

continuously laid uniform roof covering or waterproof covering.

Waterproof membranes have previously been proposed which are obviously of a similar type to those produced by the invention. One of these membranes comprises e.g. a sheet of synthetic rubber such as butyl rubber (IIR) with a pressure-sensitive, thin adhesive layer on one side and with a releasable sheet placed on the adhesive layer. Another membrane type comprises a synthetic polymer film, e.g. of polyethylene, which has a coating of bitumen together with rubber or the like on one surface and a releasable sheet attached to the coating layer.

There is, however, a big difference between these known membrane types and the membrane according to the invention, not only in the structure of the product and the method for its manufacture and application, but the difference lies particularly in the main idea of the design of the waterproof coating. The known membranes and application methods are aimed at a so-called "one-piece waterproof system", i.e. that the roof coating or

the waterproof coating consists of a single layer except in the area where the membranes are connected to each other.

Moreover, the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or the composite bitumen layer for these membranes only acts to connect the membrane to a substrate or to another membrane in the overlapping area, and the waterproof function of these roof coverings or waterproof coverings depends mainly on the waterproofness of the rubber sheet or the polymer film itself .

These membranes generally do not fall under the same category as the conventional bituminous roof coverings or waterproof constructions, and the system according to the invention, where several bituminous membranes are used as reinforcements and alternately laminated with bitumen layers that act as waterproofing elements and where the waterproofing function is mainly based on these.

Both the conventional system and the system according to the invention are highly reliable, mainly because they provide good waterproofing even if the work with these systems is sloppy with the application. This advantage, that the water tightness is too low, is written from the very structure or composition of the systems consisting of the continuous and on-site assembled multi-layer laminates.

In contrast, the above-mentioned single-layer type waterproof system does not have the same reliability as the above-mentioned conventional system, and this may be because it gets

■defects due to unfortunate or incorrect installation and rather poor durability of the adhesive layer. These defects mainly occur at the joints between the membranes, where only a poor waterproofing function can be expected due to the thin adhesive layer in the membrane. It is hardly possible to prevent such defects in any way whatsoever due to the fact that the defects are precisely due to the use of a single-layer method.

Furthermore, if a relatively thick layer is only applied to the sheet or film to obtain the same waterproofing or water-stopping function as for the conventional bituminous roof coating or waterproofing coating, the resulting membrane will have the following serious defect. When the waterproof coating, which is composed of these membranes and has a relatively thick layer consisting only of the composite bitumen material, is subjected to an external force, the composite bitumen material will flow away due to the force on the exposed area, so that this area of the waterproof layer to a large extent, it loses its waterproof properties. This phenomenon is due to the physical properties and inherent softness of the composite bitumen material.

The waterproof membrane according to the invention, on the other hand, will not lose its waterproof properties even if the membrane is exposed to such forces, and this is because this membrane, in addition to the composite bitumen layer, is provided with a normal bitumen coating on the base sheet and forms the main material to achieve waterproofing, in the same way as the conventionally constructed bituminous roof coverings or waterproofing. coating. In the case of the laminated bituminous multilayer roof membrane according to the invention, the composite bitumen layer is only used for joining or connecting the membranes to each other or to the substrate, so that it can be limited to as thin a layer as is required for this purpose. This advantage in terms of the thickness of the bitumen layer, which is relatively expensive, gives the invention a decided economic advantage.

The laminated bituminous roof membrane according to the invention can be built up into roof coverings or waterproof coverings with completely identical and superior functional reliability compared to conventional bituminous roof coverings or waterproof coverings which comprise several coverings which alternately consist of bitumen and reinforcement membranes. This excellent functional reliability is possible to achieve even if the application method according to the invention differs completely from the conventional application method, as according to the invention molten or liquid bitumen is not used at the workplace, as described above.

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The invention shall nn describe;:; in detail with reference

to the accompanying drawings showing preferred embodiments, but it is not limited to the embodiments shown in the drawings, or:

Fig. IA, .LU, 1C and 1,1) v ir; are: examples of structure of

the laminated, bil;ununv'':;o takmcir.b r.mer according to the invention .

Fig. 2A and 21.', we r; are examples of preferred release

bare sheets used in the laminated, bituminous roof membranes according to the invention.

Fig. 3A and 313 show examples of preferred laminated,

bituminous roof membranes according to the invention.

Fig. 4A, 413 and 4C show examples of various modified laminated bituminous roof membranes according to the invention. Late. Fig. 5 shows an example of a method for producing the laminated roof membrane according to the invention. Fig. 6A and 6.B, 7A and 713, 8 and 9 show methods for applying or mounting the laminated roof membrane according to the invention.

The base sheet used as base material or base material in the production of the laminated, bituminous multi-layer roof membrane according to the invention can be of the type that has recently been used in conventional bituminous roof membranes, e.g. glass wool or non-woven cloth of synthetic fibers, as well as materials of the type that have long been used for similar purposes, e.g. paper, felt, fabric or cloth consisting of organic fibres, such as rag felt, asbcstfi.lt, cotton fabric or jute fabric. These fibrous sheets can be used as starting material and they are usually impregnated with molten bitumen, so that the cavities are filled with molten bitumen before the base sheet is applied with a coating of molten bitumen using the method according to the invention in the same way as in the case of the conventional bituminous roof membrane. The base sheet can also be a film or foil consisting of synthetic polymer or metal, e.g. polyester film, aluminum or copper foil, as these materials have previously been used as conventional bituminous roof membranes. When such film or foil sheets are used, there is no need for pre-impregnation, except where this is necessary. The sheets can then be treated physically or chemically, e.g. by sandblasting, etching or the like, so that the surfaces have a good affinity for bitumen before the surfaces are coated with melted bitumen according to the method according to the invention.

From fig. IA, IB, 1C and ID it is clear that the base sheet 6 for the laminated roof membrane 26 is covered completely or

partly on one or both sides with bitumen 8 on which this bitumen layer is fully or partially laminated with

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compound bitumen 20, i.e. denatured bitumen which has been treated in such a way that it has a high adhesive strength at the ambient temperature by mixing natural rubber or synthetic rubber and/or natural or synthetic resin.

These admixtures may be well known materials for denaturing and improving ordinary bitumen (its physical properties, especially its temperature sensitivity). When it comes to rubber, this can for example consist of vulcanized or unvulcanized synthetic rubber, for example styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), acetylnitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), chloroprene rubber (CR), butadiene rubber (BR), isoprene rubber (IR), butyl rubber ( IIR), ethylene propyl rubber (EPR), ethylene propylene diene mar (EPDM), polyisobutylene (PIB), chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), etc. as well as natural rubber (NR) and regenerated rubber from this. The natural or synthetic resin can e.g.

e.g. consist of rosin or a derivative thereof (for example es terguirimi), tall oil, curnaron indene resin, various petroleum resins, polyolefin (for example polybutcn) etc..,

In carrying out the invention, one has found in practice

that even a tiny amount of rubber and/or resin in the composite bitumen layer results in certain advantages being achieved. In most applications, however, it is desirable

equal to a relatively high tackiness. In the composite bitumen coating there should therefore preferably be at least 5% by weight of rubber and/or resin based on the weight of the composite bitumen material. Since there is obviously no upper critical limit for the amount of rubber and/or resin that can be used for an effective improvement in stickiness,

in general, at least 95% by weight of rubber and/or resin should be used because it simplifies the production process for the laminated roof membrane, even if the costs are also taken into account. In order to achieve optimal results, it is preferred that the total amount of rubber and/or resin i

the composite bitumen layer is located in the area from 15

weight to 50 weight.

If desired, these rubber and resin materials can also be partially replaced with animal oils or fats because these oils and fats are very effective in increasing the stickiness of the bitumen material. These oils and fats can e.g. v.mrc animal oils and fats, such as fish oil, whale oil, tallow or the like, as well as vegetable oils and fats, such as linseed oil, Chinese wood oil, sesame oil, cotton seed oil, soybean oil, olive oil, castor oil or the like. These oils and fats can e.g. also be stand oils, oxidized oils and boiled oils produced from these, from fatty acids, tar or the like. The amount of these oils and fats that can be used is preferably below approx. 50% by weight based on the weight of the total amount of rubber and/or resin and oils or fats.

A number of additive materials can also be incorporated into the composite bitumen, e.g. emollients, such as petrolatum oil, fillers such as mica powder or the like.

The release sheets 14 and 15 which are placed on the surface of the composite bitumen mater.i.ale 20 form the layers which have little or no affinity to the t-composite bitumen material and which can simply and easily be torn from this layer by being pulled manually from these at normal ambient temperature. The releasable layers or cover layers can e.g. in practice include materials in the form of untreated sheets, such as cellophane and aluminum foil or in the form of treated sheets, such as film, folio, paper or the like that have been surface treated, i.e. coated or impregnated with synthetic resin with special release properties, such as silicone resin, fluorine-containing resin or polyvinylidene chloride. Sheets which are coated on the surface with silicone resin are particularly suitable for the application, because they are easy to pull off and are cheap to manufacture.

If the cover sheets have poor tensile properties on both sides of the laminated bituminous roof membrane, the finished laminated roof membrane will have poor flexibility and will in practice act as a rigid disc. It therefore becomes rather difficult to wind up the membrane in roll form, as is usually done with bituminous roofing felt or a roofing membrane. If the roll-up is carried out with force, the product will be creased in many places with creases, folds and/or cracks. If, moreover, such a release sheet is placed only on one side of the composite bi tumcnbelecjcj on the roof membrane, irregular wrinkles cannot be avoided, even if the wrinkles are somewhat smaller.

To avoid this problem, it is preferred that the extent of the release sheet in the longitudinal direction is increased, i.e. in the winding direction. For this purpose, it is therefore preferred that several linear folds or folds are formed on the releasable sheet in a direction mainly across the longitudinal direction, and in practice it is advisable that, for example, a releasable sheet is used which can be deformed, so that the sheet get it in fig. 2A at 39 showed the corrugated shape or

that a releasable sheet made from a backing sheet of crepe paper is used in such a way as shown at 40 in fig.

2B. As the releasable sheet can in this case be extended sufficiently in the longitudinal direction by this method, the roof membrane which is applied to this releasable sheet will have such great flexibility that it can adapt to the expansion and contraction when rolling up or unrolling, so that the above-mentioned problem completely eliminated. .When, moreover, the releasable sheet is applied in such a way that a number of narrow bands are applied to the composite bitumen coating and that the bands are aligned longitudinally in relation to each other in such a way as is shown at 14 in fig. 3A, or when a single or several rows of perforations 30 or score lines 30 are formed in the sheet as shown on . fig. 3B, so that the releasable sheet can be partially torn off the surface of the composite bitumen coating at the assembly site, the assembly work becomes significantly easier and more convenient.

The laminated bituminous roof membrane according to the invention can be given different modified designs, such as. shown in fig. 4A, 4B and 4C in order for various different requirements to be fulfilled, apart from what is mentioned above in connection with fig. 1. In fig. 4, the reference numbers 6, 8, 20 and 14 denote a base sheet, a normal bitumen coating, a composite bitumen coating and a releasable sheet respectively, where the layers are of the same type as in fig..1. The display numbers 32, 33 and 34 indicate fine sand or talc, a synthetic polymer film or metal foil, respectively coarse sand or fine gravel.

The procedure ■ for producing the laminated roof membrane according to the invention will be described in detail with reference to fig. 5 which only shows a typical example of the manufacturing method according to the invention.

As shown in fig. 5, a fibrous underlay sheet of the type that is usually used as core material for ordinary bituminous roofing felt or roofing membranes, e.g. paper, cardboard, woven fabric, non-woven cloth or fabric. The base material is then immersed in molten pure or oxidized bitumen material 2, which is kept at a temperature of approximately 200°C in a bath 3. When the base or base sheet is impregnated with molten bitumen 2 and when it has passed over a number of guide rollers 4, excess bitumen on the sheet be brushed with the help of a pair of pinch rollers 5. When a synthetic polymer film or a metal foil is used as a base sheet instead of the above-mentioned fibrous base sheet or base element, the bitumen impregnation step can be omitted.

The impregnated fibrous sheet or film or foil sheet 6 passes through a pair of bclegginy rollers 7 which are aligned parallel to each other and have a mutual distance greater than the thickness of the sheet 6, for example 2-3 mm, this distance being chosen depending of the desired thickness of the bitumen coating. The upper side of the sheet 6 is thus coated with molten bitumen, preferably consisting essentially of oxidized bitumen at a temperature of approximately 220°C, which is continuously applied by means of the coating roller 7. One container 9, one pump 10, one line 11, an overflow trough 12 and a pump 13 constitute a series of conventional devices which are arranged to feed molten bitumen continuously to the coating tubes 7.

Releasable sheets 14 and 15 are unwound from rolls and can e.g. consist of paper or film that has previously been surface-treated by coating or impregnating with silicone resin or similar. The releasable sheets 14 and 15 are fed separately to the respective coating assemblies which consist of a pump 16 or 17 and a roller 18 or 19 and are intended for the application of molten, composite bitumen 20. The molten composite bitumen material 20 contains a desired amount,' for example, about 20% by weight of rubber and/or resin, and held

at a temperature of about 200UC. The releasable sheets 14

and 15 are thus coated on the respective surfaces with compound bitumen in order to obtain a coating of suitable thickness, for example 0.3 to 0.5 mm. The coating roller units can be replaced with any type of coating device of a well-known type for coating with material of high viscosity, for example aggregates of the multi-vessel type or the scraper blade type. Devices (not shown in the drawing) of a similar type • to the application devices 9, 10 and 11 are arranged for feeding the melted, composite bitumen material 20 to the coating units.

The protective coating which is produced by coating the substrate element 6 with bitumen 8 in the above-mentioned manner is laminated on both sides with sheets 22 and 2 3 which are provided with releasable sheets IA and 15 which are both provided with a composite bitumen coating. This lamination is carried out so that the bitumen coatings.

on both sides of the base layer 21 and the composite bitumen layer on the sheets 2 2 and 2 3 face each other and come into close contact with each other, after which the escape layer 21

and the two sheets 22 and 23 pass through pressure rollers 24 and 25, so that the sheets are joined together due to their stickiness.

The bitumen material 8 on the base sheet 1 and the composite bitumen material 20 on the releasable sheets 14 and 15'

can thus be safely and easily laminated to each other without the homogeneity being destroyed, while still being kept in a molten or liquid state at a high temperature due to a sufficient "carrier" effect, where the carriers are the release layer 1

and the releasable sheets 14 and 15.

The resulting laminated roof membrane 26 with the composite layers of both bitumen and composite bitumen on their surfaces, passes in turn between several cooling rollers 27 in close contact with these, whereby a degree of cooling and solidification is achieved. The laminated roof membrane is finally rolled up into a roll.

In the one in fig. 5 shown construction, known recording devices can be used, such as grippers, suspension devices or floating grippers, preferably arranged between the roller of the base sheet 1 and the impregnation device 2, the molten bituminous material 3 and the feed rollers 4, between the pressure rollers 5 and the crimping rollers 7 and between the last cooling roller 27 and the winding roller, although such recording devices are not shown in fig. 5. The use of these recording devices is advantageous because they facilitate processing and accelerate cooling during production.

In a modified version of the production method according to the invention, a laminated roof membrane is produced with a composite bitumen coating on one side of the bitumen-coated base sheet 6 in fig. 4A in the following manner. Mineral grains or powder 28 is deposited on one side of the melted, bitumen-coated base layer 21 by means of a device of a known type in such a way as shown at 29 on

fig. 5. With this, the supply of that in fig. 5 with the reference number 14 showed releasable sheets 14. A thin outer layer, for example a synthetic polymer film or metal foil can alternatively be made to adhere well to the upper surface of the base layer 21 which is coated with molten bitumen instead of adding mineral grains or powder , but this is not shown in fig. 5.

In yet another alternative method according to the invention, a laminated roof membrane with a composite bitumen coating can be coated on only the surface that extends in the longitudinal direction - and on each side towards the bitumen-coated base sheet 6, as shown in fig. 4B and 4C, are produced in the following manner. The releasable sheet, which is provided with melted compound bitumen and has a smaller width than the bitumen-coated base sheet, and on the rest of the bitumen-coated base sheet, grain or powder is added, or et. thin sheet is glued on so that it sticks well.

During the production according to the invention, the releasable sheets 14 and 15 can preferably be folded or creased before the composite bitumen material is added, so that linear folds are formed in a direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. Thereby, the flexibility of the laminated membrane is improved, so that unwanted, irregular creases and/or cracks do not occur when winding or unwinding, as previously mentioned.

The laminar Le roof membranes ".if manufactured or developed according to the invention have a layer structure so that both the bitumen coating 8 and the composite bitumen coating 20 adhere to each other and have a uniform thickness, as shown with the sections in Fig. 1C, ID, AA, Ali and AC.

The special features for developing the method according to the invention will now be explained, compared to the manufacturing method for a conventional roofing board or roofing membrane.

If no grain or powder is added or if a thin film or surface foil is not applied when manufacturing a conventional bituminous roofing felt or roofing membrane, cannot the aforementioned cooling be carried out, e.g. by contact with rotating rollers, and this is due to the high stickiness of molten bitumen at high temperature. In this case, other cooling methods are therefore required, where the bitumen coating is kept in the atmosphere for spontaneous cooling or the

i requires cold air to be blown onto the bitumen coating. This is obviously disadvantageous because it requires a lot of space and a long production time, which results in reduced efficiency during production and increased costs.

It is also not possible to produce the laminated bituminous multi-layer membrane according to the invention by means of a method in which the hot, composite bitumen material is spread directly in a molten state and with a uniform thickness on the hot bitumen layer on the base sheet, as this layer is still in liquid or semi-liquid state and is applied using well-known coating devices, e.g. rollers or scraper blades, due to the fact that all hot bitumen coatings are markedly liquid. It is also not possible to apply the hot composite bitumen material by spraying, because the molten composite bitumen material has such a high viscosity.

If, on the other hand, the hot bitumen coating on the base sheet is coated with grain, powder, film or foil and then cooled, it should be possible to apply the hot composite bitumen material in a molten state on the cooled surface. However, this method has certain disadvantages as the presence of grain, powder, film or foil can destroy the mentioned contact between both bitumen layers, or can lead to a larger amount of the composite bitumen material being needed. This method thus causes the waterproofing properties to deteriorate at the same time as the production costs are increased.

If the hot bitumen coating on the base sheet is cooled so that it solidifies before applying grain, powder, film or foil, it should be possible to coat the cooled surface directly with melted composite bitumen material using well-known devices. However, this method cannot be used in practice either because the cooling is beset with the same problems mentioned above.

The special importance of the manufacturing method according to the invention consists in the fact that all the above-mentioned problems are solved by a separate and uniform coating of the melted bitumen material and the melted, combined bitumen material being carried out on the base sheet, respectively the releasable sheet, after which the bitumen coating on the base sheet and the composite bi tuinenbelegy on the releaseable sheet is laminated by bringing them together in firm contact with each other. In other words, the composite bitumen coating is not laid directly on the hot biLumen coating on the base sheet, but is first laid on with even success on several releasable sheets and then laminated together with the biLumen coating on the base sheet.

It is of great interest that the melted, composite bitumen material can be advantageously applied to the releasable sheet by means of well-known coating devices, even if the releasable sheet itself has little or no affinity to the composite bitumen material. This is because the composite bitumen material in a molten state and at high temperature exhibits a particularly increased stickiness which is so great that the material adheres to the release sheet. When the laminate with the composite bitumen coating on the releasable sheet is cooled to ambient temperature, the releasable sheet can simply be torn off from the composite bitumen coating due to the lack of affinity between the releasable sheet and the bitumen coating. These affinity gene- . creates for the releasable sheet and for this bitumen material, as well as their ability to go together, is advantageously utilized in the manufacturing method according to the invention.

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The result is that up to l.i nys the method is of great importance in that it is possible to achieve a layering of different types of hot bitumen in a molten state in a simple and economically advantageous way. With the known methods, it will be very difficult to obtain a similar layering or lamination.

The main point of the piling or assembly method according to the invention is that a composite and continuous waterproof coating is achieved at normal ambient temperature by utilizing the mutual cohesion properties of the composite bitumen coating layers in the laminated, bituminous roof membranes.

The procedure for mounting or applying the roof membrane according to the invention will be described with reference to fig. 6A,' 613, 7A, 713, 8 and 9.

As shown in fig. 6A, 613, 7A and 713 it is added. laminated roof membrane 26 on a substrate 35 on which a bituminous primer was applied which can be applied and allowed to dry, if desired. In fig. 6/\shows a mounting system, for applying two layers and in fig. 613 shows the same mounting system for applying three layers. The system can be used in an analogous way for four, five or more layers.

In fig. 6 and 7 are in principle the opposing surfaces

on the laminated roof membranes arranged so that they are coated with composite bitumen material. When tearing off the removable sheets from the composite bitumen material on these surfaces, the surfaces will therefore be moved during assembly

direct contact with each other. However, the surface of the laminated roof membrane that is to be brought into contact with the substrate does not need to be coated with composite bitumen material. If it is desired to avoid a complete surface adhesion between the roof covering or the waterproof layer and the substrate, depending on the present circumstances, the surface of the roof membrane that is to be brought into contact with the substrate can for example be made up of a bitumen layer with mineral grains or mineral powder. In this case, a suitable adhesive, for example bituminous glue, can be applied in spots to the substrate so that, if desired, a partial adhesion can be obtained. When a laminated roof membrane is used against joint

<f>'sa LL bitumen materia Le on both s Lde r, the varnish membrane can be applied to the substrate uLcn a L . do L f r i.y jørbarc sheets are torn off completely or partially from parts that are brought into contact with the substrate, whereby the same effect as stated above is obtained.

If external circumstances such as weather conditions, time and load on the roof membrane are suitable, the laminated roof membranes that are laid or stacked on top of each other on the substrate can be fully adhered to each other at the overlapping parts of the composite bitumen coating without taking other measures. Partly this is due to the high stickiness of the layers, so that a continuous and complete coating consisting of several layers can be obtained on a single layer.

In fig. 8 and 9 show modified monitoring systems in relation to the systems according to fig. 6 and 7. The purpose of these modifications is to increase the water tightness at the overlapping parts 36, as the waterproof membranes are partly laid over each other. In these modifications, it is only necessary that the facing surfaces have composite bitumen coatings at the overlapping parts 36, whereby any of the surfaces of the laminated roof membranes can have a bitumen coating. with grain or powder or an adherent..: thin sheet. In this case, it is most practical and preferred that the grain-coated surface is the upper surface of the underlying laminated roof membrane. Each of the surfaces that do not have a composite bitumen coating in the overlapping portions 36 and the overlapping portions 37 at a joint in the longitudinal direction of the laminated roof membranes can simply be given an improved adhesion by heating this surface locally with the help of a burner or hot air , so that the bitumen material melts, or by coating the surface locally with bituminous glue 38. When a surface treatment of the roof or the waterproof coating is to be carried out at can tpa.r Lier or in areas around gutters, pipes or the like, it is preferred that the adhesion is improved in .these lots in the same way- as stated before. However, such an improvement of the adhesion is only needed in special areas, as the other parts which make up almost the entire surface of the membrane, adhere completely to each other, without any special treatment.

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When the laminated roof membrane has a surface covered with mineral grains or a thin adhesive layer on this surface and when this serves as the outer surface, the coating does not need to be further protected or treated with another material, so that economic benefits are achieved in the waterproof roof or covering which at the same time has little weight.

The advantage of this installation method is that a continuous, waterproof coating is achieved by mutual cohesion between the applied surface coating with composite bitumen material and the laminated roof membrane according to the invention. It is thus not required that melted or liquid bitumen be applied to the installation site when using the installation method according to the invention, while such a method with a melted or liquid bitumen is unavoidably necessary with the conventional installation methods. The assembly method according to the invention therefore eliminates the various problems with the conventional assembly methods, for example problems in connection with heating of bitumen material, or the so-called cold methods which are associated with the above-described economic disadvantages, so that the necessary assembly work is facilitated in large extent new and done faster.

In the different assembly methods, i.e. with the hot method and the cold methods, the bitumen layer, which forms the main component of the waterproof coating, is produced manually at the assembly site. therefore, the achieved thickness and homogeneity will depend to a high degree on mon tas jcpcrsonal ts skilled lic t and accuracy.

However, the assembly method according to the invention does not have this disadvantage. This is because both the bitumen coating and the composite bitumen layer are produced mechanically with a predetermined, constant thickness and are laminated closely together in a suitable manner in the factory and before assembly on site, after which the membranes are brought to adhere to each other at the assembly site without need for some adhesive layers to obtain a continuous, bituminous coating of constant thickness during installation. There are thus guarantees that this method does not produce irregularities or holes in the bituminous material in the applied bitumen coating, as this is unavoidable when this coating is applied manually using conventional assembly methods'. With the assembly method according to the invention, there is also no risk that the properties of the bitumen material will deteriorate, as this often happens due to overheating in connection with the melting of bitumen at the assembly site, and. therefore, this assembly method has the advantage that a waterproof coating is obtained which has the best of the material's properties.

When considering economic points of view, it is found that the installation method is more expensive than conventional methods in that it requires new elements, i.e. the composite bitumen coating and the releasable sheet in the roof membrane. However, this is compensated to a large extent by the fact that the labor costs are reduced compared to the conventional methods, and this is due to the fact that completely different assembly methods are used.

The assembly method according to the invention is well suited and advantageous, not least because of the lack of manpower. In short, in other words, it can be said that the main purpose of the invention is to provide a prefabricated, waterproof coating which serves to remedy this lack of manpower.

Example 1.'

A laminated, bituminous roof membrane is produced in the following way.

Non-woven cloth with a weight of 200 g/m 2 is produced by a drying process according to Iling's method using acetalized polyvinyl alcohol fibers with an average length of 40 mm and a dimension of two deniers.

When using the device on fig. 5, the cloth with a width of 1 m was passed from the roll .1 through an impregnation bath containing molten, blown bitumen 100/4 5 which was heated. to ..a temperature of 200°C and with a melting point .(ring and ball method) of 100°C, after which the cloth was pressed between the rollers 5. The bi turnen-impregnated tea cloth was coated with the same blown bitumen material as above by using the belcgging rollers 7 on both surfaces with a coating with a thickness of approximately 1 mm.

EL releasable sheet became f rr.ms ti .1. t on . the following feed. A creped kraft paper with a weight of 90 g/m 2 was laminated with a polyethylene film with a thickness of 0.015 mm on one side, whereupon a thinner solution consisting of a silicone resin was applied to the polyethylene laminated polyethylene surface and was finally dried.

Two releasable sheets were coated using the coating rollers 18 and 19 with melted, compound bitumen at a temperature of 180°C and consisting of 80 parts blown bitumen 80/45 (melting point 80, penetration 4 5), 12 parts. SBR and 8 parts petroleum resin (all parts are parts by weight), the coating having a thickness of approximately 0.4 mm. The compound bitumen-coated, releasable sheets were printed for adhesion to the outer surfaces of the bitumen-coated canvas with the help of rollers 24 and 25. The membrane was then cooled using a series of cooling rollers 2 7 and was wound up into rolls.

Example 2..

A roof membrane was produced in the following way. By means of that in fig. 5 v.i.stc apparatus was glass wool with a width of 1 m and a weight of 60 g/m" impregnated with melt blown bitumen 110/30 which was heated to 210°C, after which it was laminated to a polyester film with a width of 1 m and a thickness of 0.1 mm, which was allowed in front of the press rollers 5 where the two sheets adhered to each other with the help of the melted bitumen material. One surface was applied with the help of the coating rollers 7 with a further layer of melted bitumen material with a thickness of 0.3 mm and a thickness of 1.0 mm 'on the second surface, whereupon, by means of the supply device 29, ski formula 2 8 with a corhing of 10-20 mesh was added to the surface which had it 0, 8 mm thick bitumen coating e.g.

The same releasable sheet as in example 1 was coated with a composite bitumen material consisting of 75 parts of the blown bitumen material, 12 parts IIR, 8 parts ester rubber and 5 parts base oil produced mainly from linseed oil (all parts or parts by weight) by a temperature of about 190°C using rollers 17 and 19. Then the release sheet was brought into contact with the 1.0 mm thick bitumen coated surface and the finished membrane was then cooled and wound to 1:ul laughs in the same way as in example 1.

Example. 3.

The laminated bituminous oy double roof membrane of self-adhesive type according to example 1 was unwound from the roll and placed on a roof of reinforced concrete in such a way that each membrane overlapped an adjacent membrane on the one in fig. 7a shown way. The roof was coated with 0.3 lit/rn 2bitumen primer the day before application and allowed to dry. The roof membranes partly overlapped each other by around 15 cm or more at the joints in the longitudinal direction of the membranes. The releasable sheets were removed from the membranes during assembly, but not at the free surface.

The laminated bituminous and simple roof membrane of the self-adhesive type according to example 2 was laid on the upper surface in the partially overlapping manner, so that the slate flour coated surface faced up and with overlap joints of approximately 10 cm both in the longitudinal direction and in the transverse direction. Each release sheet

on the membranes and the remaining releasable sheet on the free surface of the previously applied double-sided membrane was taken off from the membranes during assembly.

The ski formula coated surface on the overlapping parts was heated with a gas burner flame and pressed so that the slate coated surface would be adhered to the opposite composite bitumen coating. In this heating step, it was preferred to carry out a fine treatment of the surface by soaking the slate-coated surface with water in the areas next to the overlapping parts before the heating.

After these processing steps, the adhesion between the composite bi turnen layers was checked under three different conditions. Almost the entire surface of them facing each other. surfaces of the bi turnen layers were completely and instantly bonded at 25°C and within 2'1 hours at 0°C without load, as well as within 1 hour at a load of 0.1 kg/cm<?>'.

A continuous bituminous roof covering with an average thickness of 10.5 mm was achieved using these three membranes.

Although some embodiments of the invention have been shown and described in detail, it is not the case that the invention is limited to these embodiments.

Claims (1)

Procedure for placing or installing a bituminous roof coating or other waterproof coating, characterized by the following steps: a) laying a multi-layer laminated bituminous roof covering, comprising the combination of 1) a sheet-shaped underlay element (6) with at least one bitumen coating (8) on all or part of one surface of the element, 2) at least one composite bitumen coating (20) with high stickiness and comprising both bitumen and rubber and/or resin in the bitumen material, the composite bitumen coating being laminated completely or partially on the surface of the bitumen coating (8) on the base sheet (6), and 3) at least one release sheet (14,15) placed on all. the surface of the composite bitumen coating on a base sheet so that the laminated bituminous layers at least partially overlap each other, b) removing the release sheets from the roof covering along the overlapping parts of the roof covering so that the exposed bituminous layers come into direct contact with each other, and c) that the composite bituminous layers are connected to each other along the overlapping parts in order to thereby form a continuous, uniform roof coating or waterproof coating.