NO772912L - Interpolymer. - Google Patents
Interpolymer.Info
- Publication number
- NO772912L NO772912L NO772912A NO772912A NO772912L NO 772912 L NO772912 L NO 772912L NO 772912 A NO772912 A NO 772912A NO 772912 A NO772912 A NO 772912A NO 772912 L NO772912 L NO 772912L
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- weight
- interpolymer
- methacrylate
- stated
- acid
- Prior art date
Links
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- -1 acrylic ester Chemical class 0.000 claims description 18
- GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GMSCBRSQMRDRCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- RFIMISVNSAUMBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(hydroxymethyl)-2-(prop-2-enoxymethyl)propane-1,3-diol Chemical group OCC(CO)(CO)COCC=C RFIMISVNSAUMBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HMZGPNHSPWNGEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000001732 carboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- COCLLEMEIJQBAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 8-methylnonyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C COCLLEMEIJQBAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940086737 allyl sucrose Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001033 ether group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LNCPIMCVTKXXOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C LNCPIMCVTKXXOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940065472 octyl acrylate Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C ANISOHQJBAQUQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C(C)=C BOQSSGDQNWEFSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C(C)=C WDQMWEYDKDCEHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 30
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 24
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 13
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl acrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C=C BAPJBEWLBFYGME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxalonitrile Chemical compound N#CC#N JMANVNJQNLATNU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydroxide Substances [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2-Trichlorotrifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)C(F)(Cl)Cl AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl acrylate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C=C JIGUQPWFLRLWPJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethylamine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CC ZMANZCXQSJIPKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000007334 copolymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011953 free-radical catalyst Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002608 ionic liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002734 metacrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 3
- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SRSFOMHQIATOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoyl octaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCC SRSFOMHQIATOFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetralin Chemical compound C1=CC=C2CCCCC2=C1 CXWXQJXEFPUFDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Divinylbenzene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1C=C MYRTYDVEIRVNKP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YACLCMMBHTUQON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1-fluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)Cl YACLCMMBHTUQON-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XWCDCDSDNJVCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FCCl XWCDCDSDNJVCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxyethyl methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCO WOBHKFSMXKNTIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001252 acrylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000005250 alkyl acrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N buten-2-one Chemical compound CC(=O)C=C FUSUHKVFWTUUBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920006037 cross link polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenoxyethane Chemical compound CCOC=C FJKIXWOMBXYWOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoromethane Chemical compound FC NBVXSUQYWXRMNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 2
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 2
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FEIQOMCWGDNMHM-KBXRYBNXSA-N (2e,4e)-5-phenylpenta-2,4-dienoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 FEIQOMCWGDNMHM-KBXRYBNXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XVOUMQNXTGKGMA-OWOJBTEDSA-N (E)-glutaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C\C=C\C(O)=O XVOUMQNXTGKGMA-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001124 (E)-prop-1-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M .beta-Phenylacrylic acid Natural products [O-]C(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-VOTSOKGWSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UGCSPKPEHQEOSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,2,2-tetrachloro-1,2-difluoroethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)C(F)(Cl)Cl UGCSPKPEHQEOSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RFCAUADVODFSLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Chloro-1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)Cl RFCAUADVODFSLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXKKHQJGJAFBHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-aminopropan-2-ol Chemical compound CC(O)CN HXKKHQJGJAFBHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVHZPFSWZWSDEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-1-fluoroethane Chemical compound CC(F)Br ZVHZPFSWZWSDEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOBUAPTXJKMNCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-prop-2-enoyloxyhexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCC(OC(=O)C=C)OC(=O)C=C VOBUAPTXJKMNCT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-fluorophenyl)-1h-imidazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=CC(C=2NC=CN=2)=C1 JAHNSTQSQJOJLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Ethylhexyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C=C GOXQRTZXKQZDDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HWSSEYVMGDIFMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2-[2-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)ethoxy]ethoxy]ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOCCOCCOC(=O)C(C)=C HWSSEYVMGDIFMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZTBMYHIYNGYIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloroacrylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)=C SZTBMYHIYNGYIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IJVRPNIWWODHHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-cyanoprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(=C)C#N IJVRPNIWWODHHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WROUWQQRXUBECT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylacrylic acid Chemical compound CCC(=C)C(O)=O WROUWQQRXUBECT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methylpropyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C=C CFVWNXQPGQOHRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ONPJWQSDZCGSQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-phenylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ONPJWQSDZCGSQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-prop-2-enoyloxyethyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCOC(=O)C=C KUDUQBURMYMBIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- GNSFRPWPOGYVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-hydroxypropyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCO GNSFRPWPOGYVLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYUZOYPRAQASLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-prop-2-enoyloxypropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCOC(=O)C=C CYUZOYPRAQASLN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOJWAAUYNWGQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2-methylprop-2-enoyloxy)butyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C XOJWAAUYNWGQAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GXLIFJYFGMHYDY-ZZXKWVIFSA-N 4-chlorocinnamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 GXLIFJYFGMHYDY-ZZXKWVIFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHWGFJBTMHEZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-prop-2-enoyloxybutyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCCCCOC(=O)C=C JHWGFJBTMHEZME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JTHZUSWLNCPZLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-fluoro-3-methyl-2h-indazole Chemical compound FC1=CC=C2C(C)=NNC2=C1 JTHZUSWLNCPZLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OSDWBNJEKMUWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Allyl chloride Chemical compound ClCC=C OSDWBNJEKMUWAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIERETOOQGIECD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Angelic acid Natural products CC=C(C)C(O)=O UIERETOOQGIECD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004342 Benzoyl peroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzoylperoxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 OMPJBNCRMGITSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical class OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical group C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N Cinnamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-SREVYHEPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004338 Dichlorodifluoromethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lauroyl peroxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCC YIVJZNGAASQVEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Vinyl-2-pyrrolidone Chemical compound C=CN1CCCC1=O WHNWPMSKXPGLAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane triacrylate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C DAKWPKUUDNSNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVVWZTWDBSEWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [2-(hydroxymethyl)-3-prop-2-enoyloxy-2-(prop-2-enoyloxymethyl)propyl] prop-2-enoate Chemical compound C=CC(=O)OCC(CO)(COC(=O)C=C)COC(=O)C=C HVVWZTWDBSEWIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940091181 aconitic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003926 acrylamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001253 acrylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- BHELZAPQIKSEDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl bromide Chemical compound BrCC=C BHELZAPQIKSEDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000908 ammonium hydroxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000005840 aryl radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000019400 benzoyl peroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- XNNQFQFUQLJSQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromo(trichloro)methane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Br XNNQFQFUQLJSQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJCQBQGAPKAMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromotrifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)Br RJCQBQGAPKAMLL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- RLYNGYDVXRKEOO-SQQVDAMQSA-N but-2-enoic acid;(e)-but-2-enoic acid Chemical compound CC=CC(O)=O.C\C=C\C(O)=O RLYNGYDVXRKEOO-SQQVDAMQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229950005499 carbon tetrachloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001767 cationic compounds Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N chloro(114C)methane Chemical compound [14CH3]Cl NEHMKBQYUWJMIP-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroethane Chemical compound CCCl HRYZWHHZPQKTII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019406 chloropentafluoroethane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- AFYPFACVUDMOHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorotrifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)Cl AFYPFACVUDMOHA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930016911 cinnamic acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000013985 cinnamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- GTZCVFVGUGFEME-IWQZZHSRSA-N cis-aconitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C\C(C(O)=O)=C\C(O)=O GTZCVFVGUGFEME-IWQZZHSRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N citraconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C\C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-IHWYPQMZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940018557 citraconic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- MRIZMKJLUDDMHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N cumene;hydrogen peroxide Chemical class OO.CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 MRIZMKJLUDDMHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004966 cyanoalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GTBGXKPAKVYEKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N decyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C GTBGXKPAKVYEKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- FWLDHHJLVGRRHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N decyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C FWLDHHJLVGRRHD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004386 diacrylate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichlorodifluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(Cl)Cl PXBRQCKWGAHEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019404 dichlorodifluoromethane Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTIIJXUACCWYHX-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;carboxylatooxy carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)OOC([O-])=O VTIIJXUACCWYHX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- KHAYCTOSKLIHEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N docosyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C KHAYCTOSKLIHEP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002573 ethenylidene group Chemical group [*]=C=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000006266 etherification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960003750 ethyl chloride Drugs 0.000 description 1
- STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethylene glycol dimethacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(C)=C STVZJERGLQHEKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- UHCBBWUQDAVSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoroethane Chemical compound CCF UHCBBWUQDAVSMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001188 haloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SCFQUKBBGYTJNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C SCFQUKBBGYTJNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PYGSKMBEVAICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexa-1,5-diene Chemical group C=CCCC=C PYGSKMBEVAICCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexachloroethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl VHHHONWQHHHLTI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C=C LNMQRPPRQDGUDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003701 inert diluent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940102253 isopropanolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lauryl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C PBOSTUDLECTMNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium hydroxide Substances [Li+].[OH-] WMFOQBRAJBCJND-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002175 menstrual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N mesaconic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(/C)=C/C(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005395 methacrylic acid group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical class C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl p-hydroxycinnamate Natural products OC(=O)C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 WBYWAXJHAXSJNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl vinyl ether Chemical compound COC=C XJRBAMWJDBPFIM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenebutanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(=C)C(O)=O LVHBHZANLOWSRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylfumaric acid Natural products OC(=O)C(C)=CC(O)=O HNEGQIOMVPPMNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- FEZFGASTIQVZSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonanoyl nonaneperoxoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(=O)OOC(=O)CCCCCCCC FEZFGASTIQVZSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MDYPDLBFDATSCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C MDYPDLBFDATSCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZIDBRBFGPQCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C NZIDBRBFGPQCRY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910001414 potassium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 1
- LYBIZMNPXTXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C=C LYBIZMNPXTXVMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)C=C PNXMTCDJUBJHQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium hydroxide Substances [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940045872 sodium percarbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SPDUKHLMYVCLOA-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;ethaneperoxoate Chemical compound [Na+].CC(=O)O[O-] SPDUKHLMYVCLOA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,2-dimethylpropaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(=O)C(C)(C)C OPQYOFWUFGEMRZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoromethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)F TXEYQDLBPFQVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHILTCGAOPTOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(ethenyl)silane Chemical compound C=C[Si](C=C)(C=C)C=C UFHILTCGAOPTOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XJPKDRJZNZMJQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrakis(prop-2-enyl)stannane Chemical compound C=CC[Sn](CC=C)(CC=C)CC=C XJPKDRJZNZMJQM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- UIERETOOQGIECD-ONEGZZNKSA-N tiglic acid Chemical compound C\C=C(/C)C(O)=O UIERETOOQGIECD-ONEGZZNKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-aconitic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(C(O)=O)=CC(O)=O GTZCVFVGUGFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichlorofluoromethane Chemical compound FC(Cl)(Cl)Cl CYRMSUTZVYGINF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940029284 trichlorofluoromethane Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940096522 trimethylolpropane triacrylate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005023 xylyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
- C08F220/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S526/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
- Y10S526/93—Water swellable or hydrophilic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S526/00—Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
- Y10S526/932—Thickener or dispersant for aqueous system
Description
US patentskrift 3 915 921 angir kopolymerer av umettede karboksylsyremonomerer med en alkylakrylatester, hvor alkyl-gruppen inneholder ca. 10-30 karbonatomer, som er virksomme vann-fortykkere, som når de nøytraliseres av basiske materialer, har bedret motstanden mot viskositetstap, endog i nærvær av be-tydelige mengder uorganiske salter, som natriumklorid. Disse kopolymerer absorberer vann, men kopolymerer med bedret vannabsorpsjon og tilbakeholdelse er ønsket.
Kopolymerer av ca. 40-87 vekt-% umettede kopolymiserbare karboksylsyremonomerer, ca. 2-20 vekt-% av minst en akryl- eller metakrylsyreester, hvor en alkylgruppe inneholder 10-30 karbonatomer og ca. 5-30 vekt-% av minst en akryl- eller metakrylsyreester, hvori en alkylgruppe inneholder 1-8 karbonatomer, valgfritt med en liten mengde kryssbindingsmiddel, vil raskt absorbere og holde tilbake store vannmengder og også absorbere og holde tilbake ioniske vannholdige væsker.
Kopolymerene av karboksylsyremonomer og de to akryl-
estere av de typer og i de mengder som er angitt nedenfor til-veiebringer en langt større absorpsjonshastighet for vann og vandige ioniske væsker enn kopolymerer som ikke inneholder disse viktige komonomerer i de angitte mengder. Kopolymerene viser også bedret tilbakeholdelse av absorbert væske sammenlignet med tidligere kjente kopolymerer. Kopolymerene kan lett fremstilles ved kopolymerisasjon av de vesentlige monomerer og valgfritt andre komonomerer som angitt ved frie radikale polymerisasjonssystemer. Disse kopolymerer har en gjennomsnittlig molekylvekt fra ca.
10 000 til over 1 000 000. Normalt er molekylvekten fra ca.
50 000 til 900 000. Molekylvekten av kryssbundne polymerer kan være høyere. De karboksylmonomerer som er hensiktsmessige i pro-duksjonen av polymerene ifølge oppfinnelsen, er de olefinisk-umettede karboksylsyrer som inneholder minst en aktivert karbon-til-karbon olefinisk dobbeltbinding, og minst en karboksylgruppe, dvs. en syre som inneholder en olefinisk dobbeltbinding, som lett fungerer ved plymerisasjon på grunn av dens nærvær i det monomere molekyl, enten i alfa-beta-stilling med henblikk på en
karboksylgruppe slik,
eller som en del av en metylen
endegruppe, slik,
nærværende i kopolymeren i mengder
■på ca. 40 til 87 vekt-% av kopolymeren. I alfa-beta-syrene har den store nærhet av den sterkt polariserte karboksylgruppe til de dobbeltbundne karbonatomer en sterkt aktiverende virkning'som gjør de substanser som inneholder denne struktur meget lett polymeriserbare. Nærværet av en metylenendegruppe i en karboksylmonomer gjør denne forbindelsestype langt lettere polymeriserbar enn hvis den doble binding befant seg mellomliggende i karbon-strukturen. Olefinisk-umettede syrer av denne klasse omfatter slike vidt forskjellige materialer som akrylsyrene som type-betegnes ved selve akrylsyren, metakrylsyre, etakrylsyre, alfa-klorakrylsyre, alfa-cyano-akrylsyre,betametyl-akrylsyre (krotonsyre), alfa-fenylakrylsyre, beta-akryloksy-propionsyre, 2,4-heksadienonsyre, alfa-klor-2,4-heksadienonsyre, alfa-metyl-krotonsyre, kanelsyre, p-klor-kanelsyre, beta-styryl-akrylsyre (l-karboksy-4-fenyl-butadien-1,3), itakonsyre, citra-consyre, mesaconsyre, glutaconsyre, åconitinsyre, maleinsyre, fumarsyre og trikarboksyetylen. Betegnelsen "karboksylsyre" omfatter i foreliggende kontekst polykarboksylsyrene og de syreanhydrider, som maleinanhydrid, der anhydridgruppen dannes ved eliminering av en vannmolekyl fra to karboksylgrupper som be-finner seg på samme polykarboksylsyremolekyl.Maleinanhydrid og de øvrige syreanhydrider som er hensiktsmessige her har den generelle struktur
hvor R og R<1>velges fra en gruppe som omfatter hydrogen, halogen og cyanogen (-C=N) gruppene og alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, aralkyl og
cykloalkylgruppene, som metyl, etyl, propyl, octyl, decyl, fenyl, tolyl, xylyl, benzyl, cykloheksyl o.l.
De foretrukne karboksylmonomerer til bruk i foreliggende oppfinnelse benyttet i mengder på 40 til 87 vekt-% totalt av de polymeriserte monomerer, er monoolefin-akrylsyrene med den generelle struktur
hvor R er en substituent valgt fra den klasse som består av hydrogen, halogen og cyanogen (-C=N) gruppene, monovalente alkyl-radikaler, monovalente arylradikaler, monovalente aralkylradikaler, monovalente alkarylradikaler og monovalente cykloalifatiske radikaler. Fra denne klasse foretrekkes akryl- og metakrylsyrene i første rekke, på grunn av generelt lavere pris, lettilgjenge-lighet og evne til å danne overlegne polymerer. En annen hensiktsmessig karboksylmonomer er maleinanhydrid eller syren. De foretrukne akrylestermonomerer med langkjedede ali-fatiske grupper er derivater av en akrylsyre som representeres ved formelen
hvor R er en alkylgruppe med fra 10 til 3 0 karbonatomer, fortrinnsvis 10 til 20 karbonatomer og R' er hydrogen eller en metyl-eller etylgruppe som foreligger i kopolymeren i en mengde på 2 til 20 vekt-%, fortrinnsvis 5-15 vekt-%. Representative høyere alkyl-akrylestere er decylakrylat, isodecylmetakrylat, lauryl-akrylat, stearylakrylat, behenylakrylat og melissylakrylat og tilsvarende metakrylater. Blandinger av to eller tre eller flere langkjedede akrylestere kan med hell polymeriseres med en av karboksylmonomerene for dannelse av egnede tykningsharpikser ifølge oppfinnelsen. Særlig egnet er de metakrylater der alkyl-gruppen inneholder 16-21 karbonatomer som foreligger i mengder på ca. 5-15 vekt-% av de totale monomerer. Fremragende polymerer er fremstilt med 15+5 vekt-% isodecylmetakrylat, 10+3 vekt-% laurylmetakrylat, 7+3 vekt-% stearylmetakrylat.
De øvrige viktige akrylestere er likeledes derivater
av en akrylsyre benyttet i mengder på ca. 5-30 vekt-%, represen-tert ved formelen
hvor R er en alkyl, alkoksy, haloalkyl, cyanoalkyl og lignende grupper med fra 1 til 8 karbonatomer og R<1>er hydrogen eller en metyl eller etylgruppe. Disse akrylestere foreligger i kopolymeren i en mengde på 5 til 30 vekt-% og fortrinnsvis fra ca. 5 til 25 vekt-%. Representative akrylater omfatter metylakrylat, etylakrylat, propylakrylat, isopropylakrylat, butylakrylat, iso-butylakrylat, metylmetakrylat, metyletakrylat, etylmetakrylat, octylakrylat, heptylakrylat, octylmetakrylat, isopropylmetakrylat, 2-etylheksylakrylat, nonylakrylat, heksylakrylat, n-heksylmeta-krylat o.l.
Den foretrukne kryssbindingsmonomer til bruk ved fremstilling av kopolymerene er, hvis bare en benyttes, en poly-alkenylpolyeter med mer enn en alkenyletergruppering pr. molekyl. Den best egnede inneholder alkenylgrupper hvori det foreligger
en olefinisk dobbeltbinding knyttet til en metylenendegruppering, CU^- C^ C . De fremstilles ved eterifisering av en polyhydrisk alkohol, som inneholder minst 4 karbonatomer og minst 3 hydroksylgrupper. Forbindelser av denne type kan fremstilles ved reaksjon mellom en alkenylhalid, som allylklorid eller allylbromid, og en sterkt alkalisk vandig oppløsning av en eller flere polyhydriske alkoholer. Produktet er en kompleks blanding av polyetere med varierende antall etergrupper. Analyse viser gjennomsnitts-tallet av etergrupperinger på hver molekyl. Effekten av poly-eter-kryssbindingsmidlet øker med antallet potensielt polymeriserbare grupper på molekylet. Det foretrekkes å utnytte polyetere som inneholder i gjennomsnitt to eller flere alkenyleter-grupperinger pr. molekyl. Andre kryssbindingsmonomerer omfatter f.eks. diallylestere, dimetallyletere, allyl- eller metallyl-akrylater og akrylamider, tetraallyltinn, tetravinylsilan, polyalkenylmetaner, diakrylater og dimetakrylater, divinylfor-bindelser, som divinylbenzen, polyallylfosfat, diallyloksyfor-bindelser og fosfittestere o.l. Typsike midler er allylpenta-erytritol, allylsukrose, trimetylolpropan-triakrylat, 1,6-
heksandiol-diakrylat, pentaerytritol-triakrylat, tetrametylen-dimetakrylat, tetrametylen-diakrylat, etylen-diakrylat, etylen-dimetakrylat, trietylenglykol-dimetakrylat o.l. Allyl-pentaerytritol og allyi-sukrose gir utmerkede polymerer i mengder på mindre enn 0,5 vekt-%. Kryssbinding av polymerene gir kopolymeren bedret evne til svelling under et begrensningstrykk.
Når det valgfrie kryssbindingsmiddel foreligger, inneholder polymerblandingene ca. 0-3 vekt-% kryssbindings-monomer basert på helheten av karboksylsyremonomer pluss alkylakrylat-estermonomerer, og spesielt 0,1 til 0,5 vekt-%.
En annen fremgangsmåte for å oppnå den ønskede kryssbinding er å bruke en komonomer som kan reagere for å produsere kryssbindinger under polymerisasjon. Eksempler er 2-hydroksyetylmetakrylat og hydroksypropyl-metakrylat o.l. Disse enheter vil ved kopolymerisasjon kryssbinde ved interkjedeforestring med karboksylgrupper. For 2-hydroksyetylmetakrylat vil ca. 1-7
vekt-% monomerer basert på den totale monomervekt gi en ønsket grad av kryssbinding.
En annen fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av kryssbundne polymerer er reaksjon mellom små mengder av en polyvalent base og den karboksylholdige polymer. De materialer som gir flerverdige kationer omfatter f.eks. kalsium, magnesium, sink og aluminium. Et blandet salt som kan benyttes vil være et som inneholder kalium- eller natriumioner med små mengder kalsium-eller aluminiumioner, f.eks. for dannelse av det flerverdige kation for dannelse av kryssbinding via polymere karboksylgrupper.
Det skal også bemerkes at små mengder av andre vinyliden-monomerer, dvs. de.kopolymeriserbare monomerer som inneholder minst en CP^ \ endegruppe, også kan inkluderes som en kopolymeri-serbar m.onomer med de vesentlige monomerer så lenge slike monomerer ikke har uheldig virkning på den ønskede balanse av vannabsorpsjon og tilbakeholdelse i de. polymeriske materialene.
Slike materialer omfatter vinylacetat, vinylpyrrolidon, metyl-vinyleter, etylvinyleter, metylvinylketon o.l. i mengder som ut-gjør mindre enn ca. 10 vekt-% av polymeren, normalt mindre enn 5 vekt-%.
Polymerene ifølge oppfinnelsen, fremstilles fortrinnsvis ved polymerisasjon i et inert fortynningsmiddel med noe oppløsnings-virkning på en eller flere av de monomere ingredienser, men stort sett ingen slik virkning på den resulterende polymer. Massepolymerisasjon kan benyttes, men er ikke å foretrekke på grunn av vanskeligheten med å opparbeide de faste polymermasser som oppnås. Po'lymerisas j on i et vandig medium som inneholder en vannoppløselig fri radikal katalysatorperoksygen er hensiktsmessig. Polymerisasjon i en organisk væske som er et oppløsnings-middel for monomerene, men ikke for polymeren, eller i en blanding av slike oppløsningsmidler, i nærvær av en oppløsningsmiddelløse-lig katalysator foretrekkes, fordi produktet vanligvis oppnås som et meget fint, sprøtt og ofte fnuggaktig presipitat, som etter fjernelse av oppløsningsmidlet sjeldent trenger maling eller annen behandling før bruk. Hensiktsmessige oppløsningsmidler, for sistnevnte fremgangsmåte omfatter benzen, xylen, tetralin, heksan, heptan, karbontetraklorid, metylklorid, etylklorid, brom-triklor-metan, dimetylkarbonat, dietylkarbonat, etylendiklorid, og blandinger av disse og andre oppløsningsmidler.
Polymerisasjonene gjennomføres med fordel i nærvær av en haloetan eller halometan, fortrinnsvis inneholdende minst fire
halogenatomer. Representative materialer omfatter f.eks. en fluoretan, fluormetan, klorfluormetan, bromfluoretan eller fortrinnsvis klorfluoretan eller klorfluormetan inneholdende minst fire halogenatomer inklusive f.eks. 1,1,2-triklor-l,2,2-tri-kloretan, triklorfluormetan, tetrafluormetan, klortrifluormetan, bromtrifluormetan, 1-klor-l,1,2,2,2-pentafluoretan, diklordifluor-metan, 1,2-difluor-1,1,2,2-tetrakloretan o.l. De benyttede mengder av disse materialer kan variere fra den mengde som så vidt er tilstrekkelig til å danne en suspensjon av komponentene til mengder som gir et betydelig overskudd av klorfluoretan, etter fagfolks ønske. Foretrukne fortynningsmidler er oppløs-ningsmidler for monomerene, men ikke for polymerene.
Polymerisasjonen i fortynningsmidlet gjennomføres i nærvær av en fri radikal katalysator i et lukket kar i en inert atmosfære og under selvutviklet trykk eller kunstig indusert trykk eller i et åpent kar under tilbakestrømning ved atmosfæretrykk. Polymerisasjons-temperaturen kan variere fra 0°C til 100°C, i stor utstrekning avhengig av den molekylvekt som ønskes i polymeren. Polymerisasjon under tilbakestrømning ved 50°-90°C under atmosfæretrykk ved bruk av en fri, radikal katalysator gir vanligvis et polymerutbytte på 75-100% i løpet av mindre enn 10 timer. Hensiktsmessige katalysatorer omfatter peroksygenfor-bindelser, som natrium-, kalium og ammoniumpersulfater, caprylylperoksyd, benzoylperoksyd, hydrogenperoksyd, pelargonylperoksyd, kumenhydroperok'syder, tert. -butyldiperftalat, tert. -butylperbenzo-at, natriumperacetat, natriumperkarbonat o.l., likesom azo-diisobutyrylnitril, heretter kalt azo-isobutyronitril. Andre katalysatorer som kan benyttes er den såkalte "redox"-typen og de tungmetallaktiverte katalysatorsystemer.
Disse polymerer oppnår vanligvis ikke sine maksimale egen-skaper før de omdannes til et partialt alkali-, ammonium eller aminsalt. Nøytraliseringsmidlet er fortrinnsvis et monovalent alkali, som natrium-, kalium-, litium- eller ammoniumhydroksyd eller karbonatene og bikarbonatene derav eller blandinger av disse, og også aminbaser som ikke har mer enn en primær eller sekundær aminogruppe. Slike aminer omfatter f.eks. trietanolamin, etanolamin, isopropanolamin, trietylamin, trimetylamin o.l.
Minst 30% av de sure karboksylgruppene nøytraliseres til en ionisk tilstand, dvs. -C09 M<+>. Fortrinnsvis nøytraliseres ca. 50-90 vekt-% av syregruppene til -CO„M. Tilordnede ion M
er det alkaliske kation Li , K , ammoniakkionet NH^ eller kvaternære kationiske forbindelser som resulterer fra nøytrali-sering med et organisk amin. Utmerkede resultater er oppnådd med Na<+>og K<+>. Nøytralisering med trietanolamin har vist seg spesielt hensiktsmessig.
Som vannabsorberende materialer finner disse polymerer mangfoldig anvendelse i pulver-, klump-, film-, fiber- og lignende former. De er særlig anvendelige i den industri som fremstiller ikke vevede materialer til engangsbruk, hvor det er behov for polymerer som absorberer og holder tilbake vann og ioniske, fysiologiske væsker. Et viktig trekk ved disse polymerer er deres økte tykningsegenskap også i nærvær av salt. Spesielle anvendelsesområder omfatter engangsbleier, medisinsk-kirurgisk utstyr og produkter for personlig hygiene. Slike anvendelser krever en polymer som hurtig må suge opp den væske som skal absorberes og er en polymer som ikke oppløses. Videre må
væsken bli immobilisert eller størknet på en eller annen måte for å holdes tilbake. Materialene kan også benyttes som hensiktsmessige tilsetninger for sterk økning av absorpsjonsevnen i konvensjonelle absorberingsmidler, som bomull, tremasse og andre
celluloseabsorberingsmidler benyttet til f.eks. tørkekluter, kirurgiske svamper, menstruasjonsbind o.l. Ved en spesiell anvendelse, f.eks. en engangsbleie, foreligger et indre lag av mykt, absorberende, i<*>kke-vevet materiale som absorberer og leder urin til et indre lag av løst, fibrøst absorberende materiale, hvor polymerene ifølge oppfinnelsen, kan innlemmes under fremstilling-en i form av ikke-vevede fiberagglomerater eller fibre, samt i tillegg et ugjennomtrengelig plastlag, f.eks. polyetylen. En film av kopolymerene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan benyttes mellom det ytre plastlag og det indre, løse, absorberende lag. Bruk av polymerene ifølge oppfinnelsen kan medføre reduksjon av volumet av mange ikke-vevede, engangsartikler.
Absorberingstesten omfatter innelukking av en veid polymer-prøve i en sammensydd gas-strimmel, slik at det hele ligner en teposé. For å bestemme den absorberte væskemengde behandles en gas-pose som ikke inneholder polymer på samme måte. Både den tomme og den polymerinneholdende prøve nedsenkes i væsken, får renne av i en bestemt tidsperiode og veies. Ut fra vekten av den tomme og polymerforsynte prøve etter hver nedsenking, kan mengden av væske som absorberes i løpet av et bestemt tidsrom lett beregnes. Pulver, fibre, tynne filmer og korn kan utprøves på denne måten. Filmprøver støpes av en 1% vandig gummi av alkalinøytraliserte polymerer og for eksemplene anbringes en 15 g prøve en en 1%-ig gummi i en aluminiumfloiekopp med 5 cm diameter og tørkes ved atmosfæretrykk og ved 80°C. Gas-poser ble fremstilt av 15 mm gas-kvadrater som ble brettet og sydd med tråd. Prøvene ble anbragt i den væske som skulle absorberes i tidsrom som antydet i datatabellene med 15 minutters avrennings-tid mellom hver nedsenkning.
Polymerene behandles lett med lauroylperoksyd, t-butyl-peroksypivalat, azoisobutyronitril o.l. i et oppløsningsmiddel for monomeren/ikke-løsningsmiddel for kopolymeren. Polymerene ble fremstilt ved batch-polymerisasjon ved 65°C i 1,1,2-triklor-1,2,2-trifuoretan (freon 113) som oppløsningsmiddel ved 65°C
ved bruk av caprylylperoksyd som katalysator. De resulterende polymerer ble isolert og tørket i 15-20 timer i en vakuumovn ved 60°C. Den ioniske væske var simulert urin fremstilt av 97,09 vekt-% vann, 1,49 vekt-% urea, 0,80 vekt-% natriumklorid, 0,11 vekt-% MgS04• 7 H2<D og 0,06 vekt-% CaCl2-
Eksempel I
En polymerprøve (A) ble fremstilt av 62,4 vektdeler akrylsyre, 12,0 vektdeler metyl-metakrylat (MMA) og 5,06 vektdeler lauryl-meiiakrylat i 67 5 vektdeler Freon 113 i nærvær av 15 ml caprylylperoksyd (1% oppløsning i Freon 113). En prøve av denne polymer ble testet med henblikk på vann- og ioniske væske-absorberingsevne sammenlignet med en kopolymer (B) som bare inneholdt akrylsyre og laurylmetakrylat, inneholdende 93 vektdeler akrylsyre og 7 vektdeler laurylmetakrylat pr. 100 vektdeler kopolymer. De oppnådde resultater og nedsenkningstidene er angitt nedenfor. Den absorberte væske er uttrykt som væske/poly-merforhold.
Disse data viser klart den store og uventede økning i vannabsorberingsevne av tre-komponent ter-polymerene A som inneholder metyl-metakrylat delvis substituert for akrylsyren, sammenlignet med kopolymeren B som ikke inneholder metyl-metakrylat.
Når det gjelder absorpsjonen av syntetisk urin bemerkes det økte absorpsjonsforhold etter 15 sekunder av kopolymeren A ifølge oppfinnelsen sammenlignet med kopolymeren B som ikke inneholder metyl-metakrylat. Den viktige faktor er en hurtig absorpsjon.
Eksempel II
I dette eksempel ble det fremstilt en rekke kopolymerer med økende mengder metylakrylat for en demonstrasjon av den økte vannabsorpsjon med økende metyl-metakrylatmengder, angitt som absorberte vannmengder ganger polymervekt. Polymerene ble fremstilt som beskrevet i eksempel I.. Alle polymerer ble fremstilt med 7 vekt-% laurylmetakrylat, 0, 10, 15 hhv. 20 vekt-% metyl-metakrylat og 93, 83, 78 hhv. 73 vekt-% akrylsyre. Væske/polymer-forholdet var som følger:
Den uventede økning i den absorberte vannmengde ved økt metylmetakrylat i kopolymeren og redusert akrylsyre fremgår klart av disse data. En ytterligere fordel ved kopolymerene som inneholder økende mengder metyl-metakrylat er den økte filmdannelses-evne av slike polymerer.
Eksempel III
Dette eksempel demonstrerer virkningen av lauryl-metakrylat på vannabsorberingsevnen av.en polymer som inneholder en konstant mengde, 15 vekt-% metyl-metakrylat. Disse polymerer inneholder 0, 7 hhv. 25 vekt-% lauryl-metakrylat, 15 vekt-% metyl-metakrylat og 85, 78 hhv. 60 vekt-% akrylsyre.
Det skal bemerkes at polymeren som inneholder 0 vekt-% lauryl-metakrylat ikke absorberte sin egen vekt i vann, sammenlignet med 50 ganger sin egen vekt, som en polymer som bare inneholdt 7% lauryl-metakrylat absorberte. Den avtagende ab-sorber ingsevne av lauryl-metakrylat når laury1-metakrylatinn-holdet i polymeren økte, er vist ved 25 vekt-% polymeren.
Eksempel IV
Absorberingskarakteristikken for både vann og syntetisk urin av kopolymerer som inneholder lauryl-metakrylat og stearyl-metakrylat er Vist i dette eksempel. De to kopolymerer ble fremstilt som beskrevet og inneholdt hver 83 vekt-% akrylsyre, 10 vekt-% metyl-metakrylat og 7 vekt-% lauryl-metakrylat hhv. stearyl-metakrylat. De oppnådde data for vektabsorpsjon er som følger:
Eksempel V
For å demonstrere kryssbindingens virkning på' disse poly-merers vannabsorberihgsevne, ble to polymerer fremstilt: en (MMA) som inneholdt 7 vekt-% lauryl-metakrylat, 10 vekt-% metyl-metakrylat, 10 vekt-% akrylsyre og den andre (EA) som inneholdt 7 vekt-% lauryl-metakrylat, 15 vekt-% etylarkylat og 78 vekt-% akrylsyre. Hver ble kryssbindet med den mengde allyl-pentaerytritol (APE) som er angitt i datatabell I og som var nærværende under kopolymerisasjonsreaksjonen.
Datatabell I
Det bemerkes at bedre absorberingsevne for vann oppnås med disse to kopolymerer, når allyl-pentaerytritol foreligger i mengder på mindre enn en % av andre monomerer, skjønt polymerene som inneholder '1% har økt absorberingsevne.
Eksempel VI
To andre polymerer ble fremstilt som beskrevet ovenfor og inneholdt hver 78 vekt-% akrylsyre, 15 vekt-% etylakrylat og 0,2 vekt-% av de totale monomerer allyl-pentaerytritol, og en polymer (LMA) inneholdt 7 vekt-% lauryl-metakrylat, mens den andre (IDMA) inneholdt 7 vekt-% iso'decyl-metakrylat.
Eksempel VII
En polymer ble fremstilt som ovenfor beskrevet, men med metakrylsyre i stedet for akrylsyre. Kopolymeren besto av 80 vekt-% metakrylsyre, 5 vekt-% stearyl-metakrylat og 15 vekt-% metyl-metakrylat. Polymeren ble nøytralisert med kaliumhydroksyd for dannelse av kaliumsaltet og støpt i en film fra den vandige oppløsning. En 0,16 film ble utprøvet med henblikk på absor-beringsvekt av destillert vann. Absorpsjonsdata var 24,4 ganger egen vekt etter 15 sekunder, 51,1 etter 30 sekunder og 60,8 etter 45 sekunder. Mer interessant var absorpsjonen.av simulert urin, 19,9 ganger egen vekt etter 15 sekunder, 28,2 etter 30 sekunder og 30,6 etter 45 sekunder i 0,2 g film.
Eksempel VIII
For å demonstrere anvendeligheten av andre lavere alkyl-akrylater og metakrylater, ble en rekke polymerer fremstilt med 80 vekt-% akrylsyre, 5 vekt-% stearyl-metakrylat og 15 vekt-% av de monomerer som er angitt i tabellen. Polymerene ble om-dannet til kaliumsaltet, filmer ble støpt og absorberingsevnen i destillert vann ble angitt som absorbert vannvekt pr. polymervekt.
Datatabell II
Disse prøver ble deretter testet med henblikk på absorberingsevne i simulert urin med følgende resultater i datatabell III.
Datatabell III
Eksempel IX
Polymerer fremstilt med 15 vekt-% isodecyl-metakrylat, 15 vekt-% metyl-metakrylat og 70 vekt-% akrylsyre ble fremstilt som beskrevet. Vann-absorberingsevnen av kaliumfilmer i destillert vann var 53,5, etter 15 sekunder, 79,3 etter 30 sekunder, 96,8 etter 45 sekunder 115,4 etter 60 sekunder.
Claims (19)
1. En interpolymer av monomerer, karakterisert ved at den omfatter fra ca. 40 til 87 vekt-% av en olefinisk
umettet karboksylsyremonomer, 2-20 vekt-% av en (1) akrylester-monomer med formelen
hvor R <1> er hydrogen, metyl eller etyl og R inneholder 10 til 3 0 karbonatomer, og 5 til 3 0 vekt-% av (2) minst en annen akryl-estermonomer med formelen
hvor R' er hydrogen, metyl eller etyl og R inneholder 1-9 karbonatomer .
2. Interpolymer som angitt i krav 1, karakterisert ved at den inneholder 0-3 vekt-% av et monomerisk kryssbindingsmiddel og at R i (2) inneholder 1 til 8 karbonatomer.
3. Interpolymer som angitt i krav 2, karakterisert ved at karboksylsyremonomeren er akrylsyre, (1) er isodecyl-metakrylat, lauryl-metakrylat eller stearyl-metakrylat og (2) er metyl-metakrylat eller ety1-metakrylat.
4. Interpolymer som angitt i krav 3, karakterisert ved at (1) foreligger i mengder på fra 5 til 15 vekt-% og at (2) foreligger i mengder fra ca. 15 til 25 vekt-%.
5. Interpolymer som angitt i krav 4, karakterisert ved at polymeren inneholder ca. 0,91 til 0,5 vekt-% kryssbindinger.
6. Interpolymer som angitt i krav 4, karakterisert ved at det minste ca. 30 vekt-% av COOH syre-
gruppene nøytraliseres til
struktur, hvor M er valgt fra gruppen bestående av Li, Na, K og NH^ -ioner og kvarternære nitrogenforbindelser, R^ NH.
7. Interpolymer som angitt i krav 2, karakterisert ved at syren er akrylsyre, metakrylsyre, maleinsyre eller anhydridene derav.
8. Interpolymer som angitt i krav 4, karakterisert ved at kryssbindingsmonomeren inneholder minst en
gruppering og minst en annen polymeriserbar gruppering, idet nevnte polymeriserbare gruppering er umettede ikke-konjugerte bindinger.
9. Inter po,Lymer som angitt i krav 8, karakterisert ved at nevnte kryssbindingsmonomer er en poly-alkeny1-polyeter av en polyhydrisk alkohol som inneholder mer enn en alkenyletergruppe pr. molekyl og at den polyhydriske ut-gangsalkohol inneholder minst 3 hydroksylgrupper i mengder på 0,01 til mindre enn 0,5 vekt-% av de totale monomerer.
10. Interpolymer som angitt i krav 9, karakterisert ved at nevnte monomer ér allyl-pentaerytritol.
11. Interpolymer som angitt i krav 9, karakterisert ved at nevnte monomer ér allylsukrose.
12. Interpolymer som angitt i krav 4, karakterisert ved at det foreligger 7-13 vekt-% av (1) lauryl-metakrylat og at (2) er metylmetakrylat.
13. Interpolymer som angitt i krav 4, karakterisert ved at det foreligger 7-13 vekt-% av (1) stearyl-metakrylat og at (2) er metyl-metakrylat.
14. Interpolymer som angitt i krav 9, karakterisert ved at nevnte syre er akrylsyre, at (1) er stearyl-metakrylat, at (2) er metyl-metakrylat og at kryssbindingsmidlet er allyl-pentaerytritol i en mengde fra 0,05 til 0,2 vekt-%.
15. Interpolymer som angitt i krav 2, karakterisert ved at (2) er heksyl-metakrylat.
16. Interpolymer som angitt i krav 2, karakterisert ved at (2) er octylakrylat.
17. Interpolymer som angitt i krav 2, karakterisert ved at (2) er 2-etylheksy1-metakrylat.
18. Interpolymer som angitt i krav 2, karakterisert ved at (2) er isopropyl-metakrylat.
19. Interpolymer som angitt i krav 2, karakterisert ved at det foreligger 10-20 vekt-% av (1) isodecyl-metakrylat og at (2) er metyl-metakrylat.
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US05/784,099 US4062817A (en) | 1977-04-04 | 1977-04-04 | Water absorbent polymers comprising unsaturated carboxylic acid, acrylic ester containing alkyl group 10-30 carbon atoms, and another acrylic ester containing alkyl group 2-8 carbon atoms |
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US4167464A (en) * | 1978-10-16 | 1979-09-11 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Photopolymerized hydrophilic interpolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acid and esters |
US4267103A (en) * | 1978-12-07 | 1981-05-12 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Solvent polymerization of carboxyl containing monomers |
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WO2019113035A1 (en) | 2017-12-08 | 2019-06-13 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Methods of screening for mild skin cleanser |
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WO2020021959A1 (ja) * | 2018-07-26 | 2020-01-30 | 日立化成株式会社 | 樹脂組成物、蓄熱材、及び物品 |
US11879119B2 (en) | 2018-08-01 | 2024-01-23 | University Of Florida Research Foundation, Inc. | Perfusion bioreactor driven by osmotic pressure gradients |
US20220002157A1 (en) | 2018-11-20 | 2022-01-06 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Graphene production in aqueous dispersion |
CN113015904A (zh) | 2018-11-29 | 2021-06-22 | 宝洁公司 | 用于筛选个人护理产品的方法 |
CN117015565A (zh) | 2021-03-05 | 2023-11-07 | 路博润先进材料公司 | 用于润湿和分散丙烯酸聚合物的方法 |
WO2023060083A1 (en) | 2021-10-05 | 2023-04-13 | University Of Florida Research Foundation | Compositions, systems, and methods relating to three-dimensional (3d) bioprinted liver tissue models |
Family Cites Families (18)
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US2795564A (en) * | 1953-05-13 | 1957-06-11 | Rohm & Haas | Aqueous paint bases and water-base paints and process for preparing them |
US2790736A (en) * | 1955-01-31 | 1957-04-30 | Rohm & Haas | Methods of making coated paper products and the products obtained |
US2892792A (en) * | 1956-02-03 | 1959-06-30 | California Research Corp | Lubricant composition |
US2892791A (en) * | 1956-02-03 | 1959-06-30 | California Research Corp | Lubricant composition |
US3194777A (en) * | 1956-05-14 | 1965-07-13 | Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co | Coating compositions |
US2892788A (en) * | 1956-07-30 | 1959-06-30 | California Research Corp | Lubricant composition |
US3317493A (en) * | 1963-11-05 | 1967-05-02 | Du Pont | Terpolymer containing methyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate and methacrylic acid and compositions containing same |
US3575911A (en) * | 1964-11-19 | 1971-04-20 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Adhesives |
GB1146155A (en) * | 1965-03-26 | 1969-03-19 | Mitsubishi Rayon Co | Hair lacquers |
US3657175A (en) * | 1969-06-26 | 1972-04-18 | Standard Brands Chem Ind Inc | Carboxylic acid latices providing unique thickening and dispersing agents |
US3954898A (en) * | 1969-11-27 | 1976-05-04 | Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Incorporated | Powder coating of epoxy resin, acrylic copolymer and tertiary amine |
IL35515A0 (en) * | 1970-05-13 | 1970-12-24 | Israel American Technology Inc | A hydrophilic copolymer and a method for its preparation |
GB1394990A (en) * | 1971-08-12 | 1975-05-21 | Hydrophilics Int Inc | Copolymers and compositions containing copolymers |
US3957740A (en) * | 1972-04-24 | 1976-05-18 | Hydrophilics International, Inc. | Copolymers |
FR2218351B1 (no) * | 1973-02-16 | 1976-05-14 | Protex Manuf Prod Chimiq | |
US3970633A (en) * | 1973-05-16 | 1976-07-20 | Rohm And Haas Company | Thermosetting powder coatings composition |
US3940351A (en) * | 1974-07-02 | 1976-02-24 | The B. F. Goodrich Company | Polymerization of carboxylic acid monomers and alkyl acrylate esters in chlorofluoroethane |
CH606154A5 (no) * | 1974-07-02 | 1978-11-15 | Goodrich Co B F |
-
1977
- 1977-04-04 US US05/784,099 patent/US4062817A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1977-07-25 CA CA283,430A patent/CA1086447A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-07-26 DK DK337777A patent/DK337777A/da not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1977-07-26 AU AU27328/77A patent/AU510453B2/en not_active Expired
- 1977-07-29 DE DE19772734298 patent/DE2734298A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1977-08-03 IT IT26465/77A patent/IT1085352B/it active
- 1977-08-04 SE SE7708882A patent/SE425974B/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-08-05 GB GB32858/77A patent/GB1589975A/en not_active Expired
- 1977-08-08 NL NLAANVRAGE7708733,A patent/NL189674C/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1977-08-15 JP JP9709477A patent/JPS53123490A/ja active Pending
- 1977-08-17 MX MX170268A patent/MX145592A/es unknown
- 1977-08-22 NO NO772912A patent/NO772912L/no unknown
- 1977-09-08 FR FR7727258A patent/FR2386565A1/fr active Granted
- 1977-09-16 BE BE180990A patent/BE858800A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1978
- 1978-01-01 CH CH946177A patent/CH636363A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB1589975A (en) | 1981-05-20 |
NL189674C (nl) | 1993-06-16 |
SE7708882L (sv) | 1978-10-05 |
DE2734298A1 (de) | 1978-10-05 |
FR2386565B1 (no) | 1984-05-25 |
JPS53123490A (en) | 1978-10-27 |
CA1086447A (en) | 1980-09-23 |
AU510453B2 (en) | 1980-06-26 |
SE425974B (sv) | 1982-11-29 |
US4062817A (en) | 1977-12-13 |
DK337777A (da) | 1978-10-05 |
MX145592A (es) | 1982-03-11 |
IT1085352B (it) | 1985-05-28 |
FR2386565A1 (fr) | 1978-11-03 |
CH636363A5 (de) | 1983-05-31 |
NL7708733A (nl) | 1978-10-06 |
BE858800A (fr) | 1978-01-16 |
AU2732877A (en) | 1979-02-01 |
NL189674B (nl) | 1993-01-18 |
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