NO169035B - NUCLEAR RADIATORS - Google Patents
NUCLEAR RADIATORS Download PDFInfo
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- NO169035B NO169035B NO862793A NO862793A NO169035B NO 169035 B NO169035 B NO 169035B NO 862793 A NO862793 A NO 862793A NO 862793 A NO862793 A NO 862793A NO 169035 B NO169035 B NO 169035B
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- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- absorber according
- gadolinium
- absorber
- dispersed phase
- Prior art date
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910000748 Gd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000006100 radiation absorber Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229940059947 gadolinium Drugs 0.000 description 13
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 1
- BEZBEMZKLAZARX-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;gadolinium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Gd] BEZBEMZKLAZARX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910002056 binary alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 borides Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001640 fractional crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003758 nuclear fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010422 painting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006223 plastic coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
- G21F1/02—Selection of uniform shielding materials
- G21F1/08—Metals; Alloys; Cermets, i.e. sintered mixtures of ceramics and metals
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Foreliggende oppfinnelse angår en absorber for kjernestråling. Med utviklingen av kjerneprosesser er det utført mye forskning over hele verden i den hensikt å tilveiebringe effektive og brukbare strålingsabsorbere. For å oppnå dette må de materialer som benyttes for fremstillingen av disse absorbere tilfredsstille følgende kriterier: de må ha spesielle kjerneegenskaper: et stort effektivt oppfangingstverrsnitt, et lavt sekundærstrålingsnivå The present invention relates to an absorber for nuclear radiation. With the development of nuclear processes, much research has been carried out worldwide in order to provide efficient and usable radiation absorbers. To achieve this, the materials used for the production of these absorbers must satisfy the following criteria: they must have special core properties: a large effective interception cross section, a low secondary radiation level
samt god tidsstabilitet med henblikk på stråling; as well as good time stability with regard to radiation;
de må ha et høyt smeltepunkt for å motstå oppvarmingsvirkningen på grunn av strålingen, spesielt nøytron-stråler; they must have a high melting point to resist the heating effect due to the radiation, especially neutron beams;
de må være gode varmeledere for hurtig å kunne føre they must be good conductors of heat to be able to conduct quickly
bort den dannede varme; away the generated heat;
de må ha mekaniske karakteristika som tillater lett they must have mechanical characteristics that allow easy
forming; shaping;
de må motstå korrosjon i atmosfæren eller i arbeids-mediet; og they must resist corrosion in the atmosphere or in the working medium; and
de må være så rimelige som mulig. they must be as affordable as possible.
Blant alle de materialer som har vært benyttet for absorbsjon av nøytroner er de mest kjente kadmium, samarium, europium, bor og gadolinium. Among all the materials that have been used to absorb neutrons, the best known are cadmium, samarium, europium, boron and gadolinium.
Kadmium lider under mangelen av å være sterkt giftig og å ha et meget lavt smeltepunkt på 321°C og et meget lavt kokepunkt på 765 "C. Samarium og europium har så og si ikke vært gjenstand for forskning på grunn av for høy pris. Cadmium suffers from the disadvantage of being highly toxic and having a very low melting point of 321°C and a very low boiling point of 765°C. Samarium and europium have hardly been the subject of research due to their high cost.
Det hyppigste blant slike materialer er bor som benyttes i forskjellige former: elementært bor, borider, borkarbid, borsyre og så videre. Videre er et stort antall patent-søknader inngitt med dette som gjenstand. Imidlertid lider materialet under meget dårlige mekaniske egenskaper og det må vær meget fortynnet i en metallmatriks som for eksempel aluminium for å oppnå de nødvendige kvaliteter til å kunne innta den form som er nødvendig for hver type absorber. I dette tilfelle blir imidlertid absorbsjonskapasiteten sterkt redusert og denne må kompenseres ved en økning i volumet av det benyttede materiale og en derav følgende vesentlig økning av omkostningene. Videre er bor så og si- uoppløselig i aluminium, det oppnådde materiale er et komposittprodukt og fremstilling derav gjør det nødvendig å ty til meget kompliserte fremstillingsprosesser hvis regulær fordeling av boret i aluminiummatriksen skal oppnås og hvis man skal unngå heterogenitet i absorbsjonskapasiteten. The most frequent among such materials is boron, which is used in various forms: elemental boron, borides, boron carbide, boric acid and so on. Furthermore, a large number of patent applications have been filed with this as the subject. However, the material suffers from very poor mechanical properties and it must be very diluted in a metal matrix such as aluminum to achieve the necessary qualities to be able to take the form required for each type of absorber. In this case, however, the absorption capacity is greatly reduced and this must be compensated by an increase in the volume of the material used and a consequent significant increase in costs. Furthermore, boron is insoluble in aluminium, the material obtained is a composite product and its production makes it necessary to resort to very complicated manufacturing processes if a regular distribution of the boron in the aluminum matrix is to be achieved and if heterogeneity in the absorption capacity is to be avoided.
Gadolinium og dettes oksyd har allerede vært benyttet et antall år i forskjellige nukleære installasjoner hvori metallet, blandet med brennstoff, virker som moderator. Imidlertid gir anvendelsen derav ved fremstillingen av strålingsabsorbere problemer. Gadolinium and its oxide have already been used for a number of years in various nuclear installations in which the metal, mixed with fuel, acts as a moderator. However, its use in the production of radiation absorbers presents problems.
Hva angår oksydet er dette generelt tilgjengelig i pulver-form, det må blandes med andre stoffer, noe som medfører bruken av meget kompliserte teknologier, og metallets meget dårlige mekaniske egenskaper gjør bruken av det for fremstilling av absorbere med kompleks form, både til en delikat og en kostbar sak. I tillegg lider oksydet av dårlige nivåer for termisk ledningsevne og absorbsjonskapasiteten er relativt lav sammenlignet med gadolinium i elementær form. As for the oxide, this is generally available in powder form, it has to be mixed with other substances, which entails the use of very complicated technologies, and the very poor mechanical properties of the metal make its use for the production of absorbers with complex shapes, both a delicate and an expensive matter. In addition, the oxide suffers from poor levels of thermal conductivity and the absorption capacity is relatively low compared to gadolinium in elemental form.
Hva angår metallet selv er omkostningene fremdeles meget høye og det er vanskelig å bruke på grunn av den høye oksyderbar-het. As regards the metal itself, the costs are still very high and it is difficult to use due to its high oxidizability.
Når det gjelder langsomme nøytroner har imidlertid gadolinium det høyeste effektive oppfangingstverrsnitt av alle kjente absorbere. Spesielt i sammenligning med bor er tverrsnittet for termiske nøytroner med et nivå på 10"^ eV 100 ganger høyere. Når det gjelder hurtige nøytroner er effektiviteten i forhold til disse like god som den til bor. When it comes to slow neutrons, however, gadolinium has the highest effective capture cross-section of all known absorbers. Especially in comparison with boron, the cross-section for thermal neutrons at a level of 10"^ eV is 100 times higher. As for fast neutrons, the efficiency in relation to these is as good as that of boron.
Av denne grunn er det at man, helt klar over gadollniums fordeler, men også klar over metallets mangler, har søkt og også funnet en måte for å benytte dette metall som en attraktiv kjernestrålingsabsorber. It is for this reason that people, fully aware of gadollnium's advantages, but also aware of the metal's shortcomings, have sought and also found a way to use this metal as an attractive nuclear radiation absorber.
Åbsorberen karakteriseres ved at den er tildannet av en legering av gadolinium med et aluminium valgt blant rent aluminium, legert aluminium og rent og legert aluminium inneholdende en dispergert fase. The absorber is characterized by the fact that it is formed from an alloy of gadolinium with an aluminum selected from pure aluminium, alloyed aluminum and pure and alloyed aluminum containing a dispersed phase.
Det dreier seg derfor om en legering basert på gadolinium og aluminium hvori andelen av gadolinium er mellom 0,05 og 70 vekt-#. Under en verdi på 0,05 er absorbsjonsvirkningen funnet å være for meget resultert mens det over en verdi på 7056 opptrer vanskeligheter med henblikk på å fremstille legeringen. Fortrinnsvis er det ovenfor angitte området mellom 0,1 og 15$ avhengig av arten og fluksen av stråling som skal absorberes. It is therefore an alloy based on gadolinium and aluminum in which the proportion of gadolinium is between 0.05 and 70% by weight. Below a value of 0.05, the absorption effect is found to be too much, while above a value of 7056, difficulties arise with a view to producing the alloy. Preferably, the above range is between 0.1 and 15% depending on the nature and flux of radiation to be absorbed.
Aluminiumet som benyttes kan være rent, enten det er raffinert ved en hvilken som helst metode slik som tresjikts-elektrolyse eller fraksjonert krystallisering, eller ganske enkelt slik det er samlet ved utløpet fra elektrolysetanker med de vanlige urenheter slik som jern og silisium. The aluminum used may be pure, whether refined by any method such as three-layer electrolysis or fractional crystallization, or simply as collected at the outlet from electrolysis tanks with the usual impurities such as iron and silicon.
Imidlertid kan aluminiumet også være en konvensjonell legering for eksempel som angitt med tallene 1000, 5000 og 6000 i "Aluminium Association" standardene, noe som gjør det mulig å øke de mekaniske egenskaper av de fremstilte absorbere, eller alternativt en legering av aluminium med minst et annet metall som også har absorberende egenskaper som kadmium, samarium, europium, litium, hfnium og tantal, hvilke sistnevnte legeringer også kan fremstilles fra legeringer av typene 1000, 5000 og 6000. However, the aluminum can also be a conventional alloy, for example as indicated by the numbers 1000, 5000 and 6000 in the "Aluminum Association" standards, which makes it possible to increase the mechanical properties of the produced absorbers, or alternatively an alloy of aluminum with at least a other metal which also has absorbent properties such as cadmium, samarium, europium, lithium, hfnium and tantalum, which latter alloys can also be produced from alloys of types 1000, 5000 and 6000.
I tillegg kan det eventuelt legerte aluminium inneholde en dispergert fase som karbonfibre eller andre fibre som er ment til å øke den mekaniske styrke av absorberne eller alternativt, eventuelt kombinert med slike fibre, et produkt som absorberer stråling som for eksempel bor og derivater derav, som kan utgjøre opptil 30% av massen av det benyttede aluminium. In addition, the optionally alloyed aluminum may contain a dispersed phase such as carbon fibers or other fibers intended to increase the mechanical strength of the absorbers or alternatively, possibly combined with such fibers, a product that absorbs radiation such as boron and its derivatives, such as can make up up to 30% of the mass of the aluminum used.
Gadolinium-aluminiumlegeringene som fremstilles på denne måte kan på grunn av de gode mekaniske egenskaper lett overføres til absorbere av en hvilken som helst form ved minst en av fremstillingsmetodene valgt blant støping, eventuelt i sand, i en avkjølingsform, under høyt eller lavt trykk, varm-eller koldvalsing, ekstrudering eller lignende. The gadolinium-aluminum alloys produced in this way can, due to their good mechanical properties, be easily transferred to absorbers of any shape by at least one of the manufacturing methods chosen from casting, possibly in sand, in a cooling mold, under high or low pressure, hot -or cold rolling, extrusion or the like.
Slike legeringer gir perfekte homogene strukturer med meget regulært effektivt oppfangingstverrsnitt. I tillegg gir den spesifikke densitet som er variabel avhengig av prosentan-delen gadolinium en verdi nær den til aluminium, med gadoliniumandel på opptil 30 vekt-5é, noe som gjør det mulig å fremstille meget lette nøytronbarrierer. Tabell I nedenfor gir verdier med henblikk på spesifikk densitet for to binære legeringer Al-Gd, en inneholdende 11 % og den andre inneholdende 23% gadolinium. Such alloys give perfect homogeneous structures with a very regular effective interception cross-section. In addition, the specific density, which is variable depending on the percentage of gadolinium, gives a value close to that of aluminium, with a gadolinium proportion of up to 30 wt-5é, which makes it possible to produce very light neutron barriers. Table I below gives values in terms of specific density for two Al-Gd binary alloys, one containing 11% and the other containing 23% gadolinium.
Aluminium-matriksen gir det ferdige produkt et utmerket nivå for termisk konduktivitet (fra 120 W/m<2> K2 til 180 W/m<2>K2, avhengig av den valgte aluminiummatriks), noe som gjør det mulig hurtig å fjerne den dannede absorbsjonsvarme til eksterne kjølesystemer. The aluminum matrix gives the finished product an excellent level of thermal conductivity (from 120 W/m<2> K2 to 180 W/m<2>K2, depending on the selected aluminum matrix), which makes it possible to quickly remove the formed absorption heat to external cooling systems.
Det punkt ved hvilket legeringen Al-Gd begynner å smelte er meget høyt, i de fleste tilfeller over 620°C, dette karak-teristikum tillater nøytronbarrierer som fremstilles på denne måte lett å motstå oppvarmingsvirkningen på grunn av absorbsjon av nøytroner eller andre stråler. The point at which the alloy Al-Gd begins to melt is very high, in most cases above 620°C, this characteristic allows neutron barriers produced in this way to easily resist the heating effect due to absorption of neutrons or other rays.
Åtommassen for Gd er meget høy, 156,9 g, og spesielt røntgenstråler absorberes i meget høy grad. The atomic mass of Gd is very high, 156.9 g, and X-rays in particular are absorbed to a very high degree.
Generelt sagt påvirkes korrosjonsmotstandsevnen ikke i vesentlig grad eller kun lite av nærværet av gadolinium og korrosjonsegenskapene er nær de til aluminiumsmatriksen som benyttes. Legeringer i seriene 1000, 5000 og 6000 nyter utmerket motstandsevne mot korrosjon med henblikk på atmosfæriske stoffer eller i en marin atmosfære. Korrosjonsmotstandsevnen kan økes ytterligere ved egnede overflate-behandlinger (anodisering, alodin, maling, plastbelegning og så videre). Generally speaking, the corrosion resistance is not significantly or only slightly affected by the presence of gadolinium and the corrosion properties are close to those of the aluminum matrix used. Alloys in the 1000, 5000 and 6000 series enjoy excellent corrosion resistance to atmospheric agents or in a marine atmosphere. The corrosion resistance can be further increased by suitable surface treatments (anodizing, alodin, painting, plastic coating and so on).
De mekaniske egenskaper er høye og avhenger av det valgte aluminiummatriks. Når det gjelder binære aluminium-gado-liniumlegeringer varierer de mekaniske egenskaper med mengden gadolinium; Tabell II angir resultater oppnådd med støpte legeringer, en med en vektandel gadolinium på 12$ og den andre med en vektandel på 25$. The mechanical properties are high and depend on the selected aluminum matrix. In the case of binary aluminium-gado-linium alloys, the mechanical properties vary with the amount of gadolinium; Table II indicates results obtained with cast alloys, one with a gadolinium weight fraction of 12$ and the other with a weight fraction of 25$.
Tabell III gir resultatene som ble oppnådd med valsede legeringer inneholdende 11 vekt-# Gd. Table III gives the results obtained with rolled alloys containing 11 wt-# Gd.
Ved å bruke aluminiummatrikser som er dopet med elementer som kobber, silisium, sink, magnesium og så videre, kan nivået for styrke og elastisitetgrenser sterkt økes til følgende verdier: By using aluminum matrices doped with elements such as copper, silicon, zinc, magnesium and so on, the level of strength and elastic limits can be greatly increased to the following values:
De høyere verdier som det her gis er ikke begrensende idet det skal være klart at ternære, kvaternære, kinære og så videre legeringssammensetninger omfattende gadolinium kunne gi verdier meget høyere enn de som er angitt ovenfor. The higher values given here are not limiting as it should be clear that ternary, quaternary, quinary and so on alloy compositions comprising gadolinium could give values much higher than those stated above.
Maskinbearbeiding av disse metallegeringer gir ikke grunn til noen problemer, parametrene og driftshastighetene som foreligger er de samme som de som generelt benyttes for aluminiumlegeringer. Machining these metal alloys does not give rise to any problems, the parameters and operating speeds available are the same as those generally used for aluminum alloys.
Det er mange anvendelser for foreliggende oppfinnelse og de angår alle områder der det foreligger problemer med henblikk på absorbsjon av stråling (nøytroner, gammastråler, røntgen-stråler), uansett om dette er sivile eller militære områder. There are many applications for the present invention and they concern all areas where there are problems with the absorption of radiation (neutrons, gamma rays, X-rays), regardless of whether these are civilian or military areas.
Følgende bruksområder kan nevnes: beholdere for transport og lagring av kjerneavfall, stativer for lagring av kjerne-reaktorbrenselselementer, dekontamineringsinstallerings-avskjerminger, avskjerming eller armering av militære kjøretøyer, kjernereaktoremelenter, avskjerming for overvåk-ingsapparaturer som benytter stråling eller radioaktive kilder og så videre. Denne liste skal ikke være begrensende. The following areas of use can be mentioned: containers for transporting and storing nuclear waste, racks for storing nuclear reactor fuel elements, decontamination installation shielding, shielding or armoring of military vehicles, nuclear reactor elements, shielding for monitoring equipment that uses radiation or radioactive sources and so on. This list should not be restrictive.
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8510983A FR2584852B1 (en) | 1985-07-11 | 1985-07-11 | NUCLEAR RADIATION ABSORBER |
Publications (4)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO862793D0 NO862793D0 (en) | 1986-07-10 |
| NO862793L NO862793L (en) | 1987-01-12 |
| NO169035B true NO169035B (en) | 1992-01-20 |
| NO169035C NO169035C (en) | 1992-04-29 |
Family
ID=9321402
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO862793A NO169035C (en) | 1985-07-11 | 1986-07-10 | NUCLEAR RADIATORS |
Country Status (19)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0211779B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPS6270799A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR910007461B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE40763T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU580177B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8603239A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA1268031A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3662078D1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK327786A (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2001015A6 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI85923C (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2584852B1 (en) |
| GR (1) | GR861792B (en) |
| IE (1) | IE58952B1 (en) |
| IL (1) | IL79385A0 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO169035C (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ216802A (en) |
| PT (1) | PT82958B (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA865168B (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS6338553A (en) * | 1986-08-01 | 1988-02-19 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Aluminum alloy having superior thermal neutron absorbing power |
| DE19706758A1 (en) * | 1997-02-20 | 1998-05-07 | Siemens Ag | Apparatus used to store spent fuel elements from nuclear power stations |
| JP3122436B1 (en) | 1999-09-09 | 2001-01-09 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Aluminum composite material, method for producing the same, and basket and cask using the same |
| WO2005103312A1 (en) * | 2004-04-22 | 2005-11-03 | Alcan International Limited | Improved neutron absorption effectiveness for boron content aluminum materials |
| RU2673270C2 (en) | 2013-06-19 | 2018-11-23 | Рио Тинто Алкан Интернэшнл Лимитед | Composition of aluminum alloy with improved mechanical properties at increased temperature |
| WO2017209038A1 (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2017-12-07 | 株式会社フジクラ | Gadolinium wire material, method for manufacturing same, metal-coated gadolinium wire material using same, heat exchanger, and magnetic refrigeration device |
| JP2017214652A (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2017-12-07 | 株式会社フジクラ | Gadolinium wire, method for producing the same, metal-coated gadolinium wire prepared therewith, heat exchanger and magnetic refrigeration device |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS583001B2 (en) * | 1977-12-16 | 1983-01-19 | 財団法人特殊無機材料研究所 | Neutron absorbing material and its manufacturing method |
| DE3024892A1 (en) * | 1979-08-18 | 1982-02-11 | Thyssen Industrie Ag, 4300 Essen | Steel castings which can be hardened and tempered - contain lanthanide so they can be used as neutron absorbing shields |
| JPS6055460B2 (en) * | 1980-08-12 | 1985-12-05 | 東芝セラミツクス株式会社 | Alumina sintered pellets for neutron absorption |
| CA1183613A (en) * | 1980-12-27 | 1985-03-05 | Koichiro Inomata | Neutron absorber, neutron absorber assembly utilizing the same, and other uses thereof |
| FR2533943B1 (en) * | 1982-10-05 | 1987-04-30 | Montupet Fonderies | PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF COMPOSITE ALLOYS BASED ON ALUMINUM AND BORON AND ITS APPLICATION |
| DE3335888A1 (en) * | 1983-10-03 | 1985-04-18 | Kernforschungsanlage Jülich GmbH, 5170 Jülich | METHOD FOR REDUCING THE REACTIVITY OF A GAS-COOLED BULLET HEAD REACTOR AND SHUT-OFF ELEMENT |
| JPS6212895A (en) * | 1985-07-10 | 1987-01-21 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Aluminum alloy having excellent neutron absorptivity |
-
1985
- 1985-07-11 FR FR8510983A patent/FR2584852B1/en not_active Expired
-
1986
- 1986-07-09 NZ NZ216802A patent/NZ216802A/en unknown
- 1986-07-09 AT AT86420187T patent/ATE40763T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-07-09 EP EP86420187A patent/EP0211779B1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-07-09 DE DE8686420187T patent/DE3662078D1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-07-09 GR GR861792A patent/GR861792B/en unknown
- 1986-07-10 PT PT82958A patent/PT82958B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-07-10 AU AU60048/86A patent/AU580177B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1986-07-10 BR BR8603239A patent/BR8603239A/en unknown
- 1986-07-10 JP JP61162924A patent/JPS6270799A/en active Pending
- 1986-07-10 FI FI862902A patent/FI85923C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-07-10 IL IL79385A patent/IL79385A0/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-07-10 ZA ZA865168A patent/ZA865168B/en unknown
- 1986-07-10 IE IE185186A patent/IE58952B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-07-10 CA CA000513519A patent/CA1268031A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-07-10 DK DK327786A patent/DK327786A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1986-07-10 ES ES8600232A patent/ES2001015A6/en not_active Expired
- 1986-07-10 KR KR1019860005558A patent/KR910007461B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-07-10 NO NO862793A patent/NO169035C/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI862902A (en) | 1987-01-12 |
| PT82958A (en) | 1986-08-01 |
| FI85923C (en) | 1992-06-10 |
| KR870001611A (en) | 1987-03-14 |
| DE3662078D1 (en) | 1989-03-16 |
| FR2584852B1 (en) | 1987-10-16 |
| FI85923B (en) | 1992-02-28 |
| DK327786D0 (en) | 1986-07-10 |
| PT82958B (en) | 1993-03-31 |
| NO862793L (en) | 1987-01-12 |
| FR2584852A1 (en) | 1987-01-16 |
| AU580177B2 (en) | 1989-01-05 |
| ZA865168B (en) | 1987-03-25 |
| JPS6270799A (en) | 1987-04-01 |
| ES2001015A6 (en) | 1988-04-16 |
| KR910007461B1 (en) | 1991-09-26 |
| EP0211779A1 (en) | 1987-02-25 |
| ATE40763T1 (en) | 1989-02-15 |
| NO862793D0 (en) | 1986-07-10 |
| GR861792B (en) | 1986-11-04 |
| DK327786A (en) | 1987-01-12 |
| AU6004886A (en) | 1987-01-15 |
| NZ216802A (en) | 1989-06-28 |
| BR8603239A (en) | 1987-02-24 |
| FI862902A0 (en) | 1986-07-10 |
| NO169035C (en) | 1992-04-29 |
| IL79385A0 (en) | 1986-10-31 |
| CA1268031A (en) | 1990-04-24 |
| IE861851L (en) | 1987-01-11 |
| EP0211779B1 (en) | 1989-02-08 |
| IE58952B1 (en) | 1993-12-01 |
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