EP0211779A1 - Nuclear-radiation absorber - Google Patents
Nuclear-radiation absorber Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0211779A1 EP0211779A1 EP86420187A EP86420187A EP0211779A1 EP 0211779 A1 EP0211779 A1 EP 0211779A1 EP 86420187 A EP86420187 A EP 86420187A EP 86420187 A EP86420187 A EP 86420187A EP 0211779 A1 EP0211779 A1 EP 0211779A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- aluminum
- absorber according
- gadolinium
- absorber
- dispersed phase
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
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- 239000006100 radiation absorber Substances 0.000 title description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910000748 Gd alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005242 forging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052735 hafnium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N hafnium atom Chemical compound [Hf] VBJZVLUMGGDVMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEZBEMZKLAZARX-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;gadolinium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Gd] BEZBEMZKLAZARX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UVYDYKVLJBNFFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum gadolinium Chemical compound [Al].[Gd] UVYDYKVLJBNFFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002048 anodisation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 borides Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002860 competitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005202 decontamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003588 decontaminative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001640 fractional crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006223 plastic coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002285 radioactive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000925 very toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
- G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
- G21F1/02—Selection of uniform shielding materials
- G21F1/08—Metals; Alloys; Cermets, i.e. sintered mixtures of ceramics and metals
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a nuclear radiation absorber.
- the best known are cadmium, samarium, europium, boron and gadolinium.
- Cadmium has the disadvantage of being a very toxic product and of having a very low melting temperature (321 ° C) and a boiling temperature (765 ° C).
- the sanarium and europium have practically not given rise to industrial development because of their too high price.
- boron which is used in different forms: elemental boron, borides, boron carbide, boric acid, etc.
- this material has very poor mechanical properties and must be strongly diluted in a metallic matrix such as aluminum.
- nium for example, in order to acquire the qualities necessary to be able to take the form required by each type of absorber. But thus, its absorbency is greatly reduced and must be compensated by an increase in the volume of material used which, ultimately, significantly increases the price of the absorber.
- the material obtained is a composite product, the production of which requires the use of very elaborate manufacturing processes if it is desired to obtain a regular dispersion of the boron in the aluminum matrix and avoid heterogeneity of absorption capacity.
- Gadolinium and its oxide have already been used for many years in various nuclear installations where, mixed with the fuel, they act as moderators. However, their application to the manufacture of radiation absorbers poses problems.
- the oxide generally available in powder form, it must be mixed with other products using very complex technologies and its very poor mechanical properties make its application when producing absorbers of complex shape. , both delicate and expensive. In addition, this oxide has poor thermal conductivity and its absorption capacity is relatively reduced compared to that of elementary gadolinium.
- gadolinium has the highest capture cross section of all known absorbers in the slow neutron spectrum.
- its section for thermal neutrons with energy 10 ⁇ 2 eV is 100 times larger.
- fast neutrons its efficiency is as good as that of boron.
- This absorber is characterized in that it consists of an alloy of gadolinium with an aluminum chosen from the group comprising pure aluminum, alloyed aluminum, pure or alloyed aluminum containing a dispersed phase.
- the aluminum used can be pure either because it has been refined by any means such as three-layer electrolysis or fractional crystallization or simply as it is collected at the outlet of the electrolysis tanks with its usual impurities such as iron and silicon.
- this aluminum can also be a conventional alloy such as those designated by the numbers 1000, 5000 and 6000 in the standards of the Aluminum Association, which makes it possible to reinforce the mechanical properties of the absorbers obtained, or else an aluminum alloy with at least one other metal also having absorbent qualities such as cadmium, samarium, europium, lithium, hafnium, tantalum, the latter alloys can also be obtained from alloys of types 1000, 5000 and 6000.
- aluminum, alloyed or not may contain a dispersed phase such as carbon fibers or the like intended to reinforce the mechanical strength of the absorbers, or alternatively, combined or not with these fibers, a radiation absorbing product such as, for example for example, boron and its derivatives which can represent up to 30% of the mass of aluminum used.
- a dispersed phase such as carbon fibers or the like intended to reinforce the mechanical strength of the absorbers, or alternatively, combined or not with these fibers, a radiation absorbing product such as, for example for example, boron and its derivatives which can represent up to 30% of the mass of aluminum used.
- the gadolinium-aluminum alloys thus produced allow, due to their good mechanical properties, to be easily transformed into absorbers of any shape by at least one of the manufacturing processes chosen from molding, whether in sand, in shell, under low or high pressure, hot or cold rolling, extrusion and forging.
- the aluminum matrix gives finished products excellent thermal conductivity (from 120 to 180 W / m ° K2 depending on the aluminum matrix chosen), thus allowing the heat created by absorption to be quickly dissipated towards external cooling systems.
- the starting point of melting of the Al-Gd alloys tested is very high, in most cases greater than 620 ° C; this characteristic allows the neutron barriers thus manufactured to easily withstand the heating caused by the absorption of neutrons or other radiation.
- the atomic mass of Gd being very high (156.9 g), the ⁇ and X rays in particular are strongly absorbed.
- Corrosion resistance in general, is not or little affected by the presence of gadolinium, and the corrosion properties are close to those of the aluminum matrices used. Alloys of the 1000, 5000 and 6000 series exhibit excellent corrosion resistance against atmospheric agents or in a marine atmosphere. This behavior can be further improved by appropriate surface treatments (anodization, alodine, paint, plastic coatings ).
- the mechanical characteristics are high and depend on the aluminum matrix chosen.
- the mechanical properties vary with the gadolinium content; Table II gives results obtained on cast alloys, one with a Gd content of 12% by weight, the other with a weight percentage of 25%.
- Table III presents the results obtained on alloys rolled to 11% Gd by weight.
- the level of resistance and elastic limit can be greatly increased to reach the following values:
- compositions of ternary, quaternary, quinary alloys, etc., comprising gadolinium could give values much higher than these.
- the applications of this invention are multiple and touch all the fields where a problem of absorption of radiation arises (neutrons, ⁇ rays, X rays, that these fields are military or civil.
- Examples of applications include: baskets for transporting and storing nuclear waste, pool racks for storing fuel elements from nuclear reactors, shielding decontamination installations, shielding military vehicles , atomic shelters, nuclear reactor components, the shielding of control devices using radiation or radioactive sources, etc. This list cannot in any way be limiting.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Preventing Corrosion Or Incrustation Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
La présente invention est relative à une absorbeur de radiations nucléaires.The present invention relates to a nuclear radiation absorber.
Avec le développement des techniques nucléaires, de nombreuses recherches ont été menées à travers le monde pour concevoir et fabriquer des absorbeurs de radiations efficaces et compétitifs. Pour atteindre ce but, il faut que les matériaux mis en oeuvre pour les réaliser répondent aux critères suivants :
- posséder des propriétés nucléaires particulières : grande section efficace de capture, faible émission secondaire, bonne stabilité dans le temps par rapport au rayonnement.
- avoir un point de fusion élevé pour supporter l'échauffement engendré par l'absorption des rayonnements, notamment des rayonnements neutroniques.
- être bons conducteurs de chaleur pour assurer une évacuation rapide des calories créées.
- présenter des caractéristiques mécaniques permettant une mise en forme aisée.
- résister à la corrosion dans l'atmosphère ou le milieu de travail.
- coûter le moins cher possible.With the development of nuclear techniques, much research has been carried out around the world to design and manufacture efficient and competitive radiation absorbers. To achieve this goal, the materials used to make them must meet the following criteria:
- possess particular nuclear properties: large effective cross-section, low secondary emission, good stability over time with respect to radiation.
- have a high melting point to withstand the heating generated by the absorption of radiation, in particular neutron radiation.
- be good heat conductors to ensure rapid evacuation of the calories created.
- have mechanical characteristics allowing easy shaping.
- resist corrosion in the atmosphere or the working environment.
- cost as little as possible.
Parmi tous les matériaux utilisés pour absorber les neutrons, les plus connus sont le cadmium, la samarium, l'europium, le bore et le gadolinium.Among all the materials used to absorb neutrons, the best known are cadmium, samarium, europium, boron and gadolinium.
Le cadmium a l'inconvénient d'être un produit très toxique et d'avoir une température de fusion (321°C) et une température d'ébullition (765°C) très basses. Le sanarium et l'europium n'ont pratiquement pas donné lieu à un développement industriel à cause de leur prix trop élevé.Cadmium has the disadvantage of being a very toxic product and of having a very low melting temperature (321 ° C) and a boiling temperature (765 ° C). The sanarium and europium have practically not given rise to industrial development because of their too high price.
Le plus largement répandu d'entre eux est le bore qui est utilisé sous différentes formes : bore élémentaire, borures, carbure de bore, acide borique, etc... D'ailleurs, de nombreux brevets ont été déposés à ce sujet. Toutefois, ce matériau a de très mauvaises propriétés mécaniques et doit être fortement dilué dans une matrice métallique telle que l'alumi nium, par exemple, afin d'acquérir les qualités nécessaires pour pouvoir prendre la forme requise par chaque type d'absorbeur. Mais ainsi, son pouvoir absorbant se trouve grandement diminué et doit être compensé par une augmentation du volume de matériau utilisé ce qui, en définitive, élève sensiblement le prix de l'absorbeur. De toute façon, le bore étant pratiquement insoluble dans l'aluminium, le matériau obtenu est un produit composite dont la réalisation nécessite de recourir à des procédés de fabrication très élaborés si on veut obtenir une dispersion régulière du bore dans la matrice d'aluminium et éviter une hétérogénéité de la capacité d'absorption.The most widely used of these is boron, which is used in different forms: elemental boron, borides, boron carbide, boric acid, etc. Besides, numerous patents have been filed on this subject. However, this material has very poor mechanical properties and must be strongly diluted in a metallic matrix such as aluminum. nium, for example, in order to acquire the qualities necessary to be able to take the form required by each type of absorber. But thus, its absorbency is greatly reduced and must be compensated by an increase in the volume of material used which, ultimately, significantly increases the price of the absorber. In any case, since the boron is practically insoluble in aluminum, the material obtained is a composite product, the production of which requires the use of very elaborate manufacturing processes if it is desired to obtain a regular dispersion of the boron in the aluminum matrix and avoid heterogeneity of absorption capacity.
Le gadolinium et son oxyde sont déjà utilisés depuis de nombreuses années dans diverses installations nucléaires où, mélangés au combustible, ils jouent le rôle de modérateurs. Mais, leur application à la confection d'absorbeurs de radiation pose des problèmes.Gadolinium and its oxide have already been used for many years in various nuclear installations where, mixed with the fuel, they act as moderators. However, their application to the manufacture of radiation absorbers poses problems.
En ce qui concerne l'oxide, généralement disponible sous forme de poudre, il doit être mélangé à d'autres produits en utilisant des technologies très complexes et ses propriétés mécaniques très mauvaises rendent son application, lors de la réalisation d'absorbeurs de forme complexe, à la fois délicate et coûteuse. De plus, cet oxyde a une mauvaise conductibilité thermique et sa capacité d'absorption est relativement réduite par rapport à celle du gadolinium élémentaire.Regarding the oxide, generally available in powder form, it must be mixed with other products using very complex technologies and its very poor mechanical properties make its application when producing absorbers of complex shape. , both delicate and expensive. In addition, this oxide has poor thermal conductivity and its absorption capacity is relatively reduced compared to that of elementary gadolinium.
Quant au métal lui-même, son prix reste élevé et sa mise en oeuvre difficile à cause de sa très grande oxydabilité.As for the metal itself, its price remains high and its implementation difficult because of its very high oxidability.
Cependant, le gadolinium présente dans le spectre de neutrons lents la section efficace de capture la plus élevée de tous les absorbeurs connus. Notamment, comparée au bore, sa section pour des neutrons thermiques d'énergie 10⁻² eV est 100 fois plus grande. Quant aux neutrons rapides, son efficacité est aussi bonne que celle du bore.However, gadolinium has the highest capture cross section of all known absorbers in the slow neutron spectrum. In particular, compared to boron, its section for thermal neutrons with energy 10⁻² eV is 100 times larger. As for fast neutrons, its efficiency is as good as that of boron.
C'est pourquoi la demanderesse, consciente de l'intérêt du gadolinium, mais aussi de ses inconvénients, a cherché et trouvé le moyen d'en faire des absorbeurs de radiation nucléaires intéressants.This is why the plaintiff, aware of the interest of gadolinium, but also of its drawbacks, has sought and found a way to make it attractive nuclear radiation absorbers.
Cet absorbeur est caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué par un alliage de gadolinium avec un aluminium choisi dans le groupe comprenant l'aluminium pur, l'aluminium allié, l'aluminium pur ou allié contenant une phase dispersée.This absorber is characterized in that it consists of an alloy of gadolinium with an aluminum chosen from the group comprising pure aluminum, alloyed aluminum, pure or alloyed aluminum containing a dispersed phase.
Il s'agit donc d'un alliage à base de gadolinium et d'aluminium dans lequel la proportion de gadolinium se situe entre 0,05 % et 70 % en poids. En-dessous de 0,05 % l'effet absorbant s'avère trop réduit et au-dessus de 70 % se produisent des difficultés d'élaboration de l'alliage. De préférence, cette fourchette se situe entre 0,1 et 15 % et dépend de la nature et du flux de radiations à absorber.It is therefore an alloy based on gadolinium and aluminum in which the proportion of gadolinium is between 0.05% and 70% by weight. Below 0.05% the absorbent effect proves to be too reduced and above 70% there are difficulties in developing the alloy. Preferably, this range is between 0.1 and 15% and depends on the nature and the flux of radiation to be absorbed.
L'aluminium utilisé peut être pur soit qu'il ait été raffiné par un moyen quelconque tel que l'électrolyse trois couches ou la cristallisation fractionnée ou simplement tel qu'il est recueilli à la sortie des cuves d'électrolyse avec ses impuretés habituelles comme le fer et le silicium.The aluminum used can be pure either because it has been refined by any means such as three-layer electrolysis or fractional crystallization or simply as it is collected at the outlet of the electrolysis tanks with its usual impurities such as iron and silicon.
Mais cet aluminium peut aussi être un alliage classique tel que ceux désignés par les nombres 1000, 5000 et 6000 dans les normes de l'Aluminium Association, ce qui permet de renforcer les propriétés mécaniques des absorbeurs obtenus, ou encore un alliage d'aluminium avec au moins un autre métal ayant également des qualités absorbantes tel que le cadmium, le samarium, l'europium, le lithium, l'hafnium, le tantale, ces derniers alliages pouvant également être obtenus à partir d'alliage des types 1000, 5000 et 6000.But this aluminum can also be a conventional alloy such as those designated by the numbers 1000, 5000 and 6000 in the standards of the Aluminum Association, which makes it possible to reinforce the mechanical properties of the absorbers obtained, or else an aluminum alloy with at least one other metal also having absorbent qualities such as cadmium, samarium, europium, lithium, hafnium, tantalum, the latter alloys can also be obtained from alloys of types 1000, 5000 and 6000.
De plus, l'aluminium allié ou non peut contenir une phase dispersée telle que des fibres de carbone ou autres destinées à renforcer la tenue mécanique des absorbeurs, ou encore, combiné ou non à ces fibres, un produit absorbant des radiations tel que, par exemple, le bore et ses dérivés qui peut représenter jusqu'à 30 % de la masse d'aluminium mise en oeuvre.In addition, aluminum, alloyed or not, may contain a dispersed phase such as carbon fibers or the like intended to reinforce the mechanical strength of the absorbers, or alternatively, combined or not with these fibers, a radiation absorbing product such as, for example for example, boron and its derivatives which can represent up to 30% of the mass of aluminum used.
Les alliages de gadolinium-aluminium ainsi réalisés permettent, en raison de leurs bonnes propriétés mécaniques, d'être facilement transformés en absorbeurs de forme quelconque par l'un au moins des procédés de fabrication choisi parmi le moulage, que ce soit en sable, en coquille, sous basse ou haute pression, le laminage à chaud ou à froid, l'extrusion et le forgeage.The gadolinium-aluminum alloys thus produced allow, due to their good mechanical properties, to be easily transformed into absorbers of any shape by at least one of the manufacturing processes chosen from molding, whether in sand, in shell, under low or high pressure, hot or cold rolling, extrusion and forging.
Ces alliages donnent des structures parfaitement homogènes avec des sections efficaces de capture très régulières. De plus, leur densité, qui est variable en fonction du pourcentage de Gd donne, pour des teneurs en Gd allant jusqu'à 30 % en poids, une valeur proche de celle de l'aluminium, ce qui permet la réalisation de barrières neutroniques très légères. Le Tableau I donne des valeurs de densité pour deux alliages binaires Al-Gd, l'un à 11 % de Gd, 1'autre à 23 % de Gd.
Le matrice aluminium confère aux produits finis une excellente conductibilité thermique (de 120 à 180 W/m° K₂ suivant la matrice aluminium choisie) permettant ainsi d'évacuer rapidement la chaleur créée par l'absorption vers des systèmes refroidisseurs extérieurs.The aluminum matrix gives finished products excellent thermal conductivity (from 120 to 180 W / m ° K₂ depending on the aluminum matrix chosen), thus allowing the heat created by absorption to be quickly dissipated towards external cooling systems.
Le point de début de fusion des alliages Al-Gd testés est très élevé, dans la plupart des cas supérieur à 620°C; cette caractéristique permet aux barrières neutroniques ainsi fabriquées de supporter aisément l'échauffement provoqué par l'absorption des neutrons ou d'autres rayonnements.The starting point of melting of the Al-Gd alloys tested is very high, in most cases greater than 620 ° C; this characteristic allows the neutron barriers thus manufactured to easily withstand the heating caused by the absorption of neutrons or other radiation.
La masse atomique de Gd étant très élevée (156,9 g), les rayons γ et X notamment sont fortement absorbés.The atomic mass of Gd being very high (156.9 g), the γ and X rays in particular are strongly absorbed.
La résistance à la corrosion, d'une manière générale, n'est pas ou peu affectée par la présence de gadolinium, et les propriétés de corrosion sont proches de celles des matrices aluminium utilisées. Les alliages de série 1000, 5000 et 6000 présentent une excellente tenue à la corrosion contre les agents atmosphériques ou en atmosphère marine. Cette tenue peut encore être améliorée par des traitements de surface appropriés (anodisation, alodine, peinture, revêtements plastiques ...).Corrosion resistance, in general, is not or little affected by the presence of gadolinium, and the corrosion properties are close to those of the aluminum matrices used. Alloys of the 1000, 5000 and 6000 series exhibit excellent corrosion resistance against atmospheric agents or in a marine atmosphere. This behavior can be further improved by appropriate surface treatments (anodization, alodine, paint, plastic coatings ...).
Les caractéristiques mécaniques sont élevées et sont fonction de la matrice aluminium choisie. Dans le cas d'alliages aluminium-gadolinium binaires, les propriétés mécaniques varient avec la teneur en gadolinium; le tableau II donne des résultats obtenus sur alliages moulés, l'un avec une teneur en Gd de 12 % en poids, l'autre avec un pourcentage pondéral de 25 %.
Le Tableau III présente les résultats obtenus sur alliages laminés à 11% de Gd en poids.
En utilisant des matrices aluminium dopées avec des éléments tels que le cuivre, le silicium, le zinc, le magnésium, etc..., le niveau de résistance et de limite élastique peut être fortement augmenté pour atteindre les valeurs suivantes :
Les valeurs supérieures ci-dessus ne sont pas limitatives, étant bien entendu que des compositions d'alliages ternaire, quaternaire, quinaire, etc..., comportant du gadolinium pourraient donner des valeurs bien supérieures à celles-là.The higher values above are not limitative, it being understood that compositions of ternary, quaternary, quinary alloys, etc., comprising gadolinium could give values much higher than these.
L'usinage de ces alliages métalliques ne pose aucun problème, les paramètres et les vitesses de travail à prendre en compte étant les mêmes que celles généralement utilisées pour les alliages d'aluminium.The machining of these metal alloys poses no problem, the parameters and the working speeds to be taken into account being the same as those generally used for aluminum alloys.
Les applications de cette invention sont multiples et touchent tous les domaines où un problème d'absorption de rayonnement se pose (neutrons, rayons γ, rayons X, que ces domaines soient militaires ou civils.The applications of this invention are multiple and touch all the fields where a problem of absorption of radiation arises (neutrons, γ rays, X rays, that these fields are military or civil.
A titre d'exemples d'application on peut citer : les paniers de transport et de stockage de déchets nucléaires, les racks de piscine pour le stockage des éléments combustibles de réacteurs nucléaires, le blindage d'installation de décontamination, le blindage de véhicules militaires, les abris anti-atomiques, les éléments de réacteurs nucléaires, le blindage d'appareils de contrôle utilisant des rayonnements ou des sources radioactives, etc... Cette liste ne saurait en aucun cas être limitative.Examples of applications include: baskets for transporting and storing nuclear waste, pool racks for storing fuel elements from nuclear reactors, shielding decontamination installations, shielding military vehicles , atomic shelters, nuclear reactor components, the shielding of control devices using radiation or radioactive sources, etc. This list cannot in any way be limiting.
Claims (11)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT86420187T ATE40763T1 (en) | 1985-07-11 | 1986-07-09 | RADIATION ABSORBER. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8510983A FR2584852B1 (en) | 1985-07-11 | 1985-07-11 | NUCLEAR RADIATION ABSORBER |
FR8510983 | 1985-07-11 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0211779A1 true EP0211779A1 (en) | 1987-02-25 |
EP0211779B1 EP0211779B1 (en) | 1989-02-08 |
Family
ID=9321402
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP86420187A Expired EP0211779B1 (en) | 1985-07-11 | 1986-07-09 | Nuclear-radiation absorber |
Country Status (19)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0211779B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS6270799A (en) |
KR (1) | KR910007461B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE40763T1 (en) |
AU (1) | AU580177B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR8603239A (en) |
CA (1) | CA1268031A (en) |
DE (1) | DE3662078D1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK327786A (en) |
ES (1) | ES2001015A6 (en) |
FI (1) | FI85923C (en) |
FR (1) | FR2584852B1 (en) |
GR (1) | GR861792B (en) |
IE (1) | IE58952B1 (en) |
IL (1) | IL79385A0 (en) |
NO (1) | NO169035C (en) |
NZ (1) | NZ216802A (en) |
PT (1) | PT82958B (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA865168B (en) |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005103312A1 (en) * | 2004-04-22 | 2005-11-03 | Alcan International Limited | Improved neutron absorption effectiveness for boron content aluminum materials |
EP3480327A4 (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2020-06-17 | Fujikura, Ltd. | Gadolinium wire material, method for manufacturing same, metal-coated gadolinium wire material using same, heat exchanger, and magnetic refrigeration device |
US10815552B2 (en) | 2013-06-19 | 2020-10-27 | Rio Tinto Alcan International Limited | Aluminum alloy composition with improved elevated temperature mechanical properties |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS6338553A (en) * | 1986-08-01 | 1988-02-19 | Kobe Steel Ltd | Aluminum alloy having superior thermal neutron absorbing power |
DE19706758A1 (en) * | 1997-02-20 | 1998-05-07 | Siemens Ag | Apparatus used to store spent fuel elements from nuclear power stations |
JP3122436B1 (en) | 1999-09-09 | 2001-01-09 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | Aluminum composite material, method for producing the same, and basket and cask using the same |
WO2017209038A1 (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2017-12-07 | 株式会社フジクラ | Gadolinium wire material, method for manufacturing same, metal-coated gadolinium wire material using same, heat exchanger, and magnetic refrigeration device |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3024892A1 (en) * | 1979-08-18 | 1982-02-11 | Thyssen Industrie Ag, 4300 Essen | Steel castings which can be hardened and tempered - contain lanthanide so they can be used as neutron absorbing shields |
EP0055371A1 (en) * | 1980-12-27 | 1982-07-07 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Neutron absorber, neutron absorber assembly utilizing the same, and other uses thereof |
WO1984001390A1 (en) * | 1982-10-05 | 1984-04-12 | Montupet Fonderies | Method for manufacturing aluminium- and boron-based composite alloys and application thereof |
GB2147729A (en) * | 1983-10-03 | 1985-05-15 | Kernforschungsanlage Juelich | Process for lowering the reactivity of a gas-cooled pebble bed reactor and shut-down element |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS583001B2 (en) * | 1977-12-16 | 1983-01-19 | 財団法人特殊無機材料研究所 | Neutron absorbing material and its manufacturing method |
JPS6055460B2 (en) * | 1980-08-12 | 1985-12-05 | 東芝セラミツクス株式会社 | Alumina sintered pellets for neutron absorption |
JPS6212895A (en) * | 1985-07-10 | 1987-01-21 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | Aluminum alloy having excellent neutron absorptivity |
-
1985
- 1985-07-11 FR FR8510983A patent/FR2584852B1/en not_active Expired
-
1986
- 1986-07-09 NZ NZ216802A patent/NZ216802A/en unknown
- 1986-07-09 EP EP86420187A patent/EP0211779B1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-07-09 GR GR861792A patent/GR861792B/en unknown
- 1986-07-09 DE DE8686420187T patent/DE3662078D1/en not_active Expired
- 1986-07-09 AT AT86420187T patent/ATE40763T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-07-10 IE IE185186A patent/IE58952B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-07-10 FI FI862902A patent/FI85923C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-07-10 IL IL79385A patent/IL79385A0/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-07-10 KR KR1019860005558A patent/KR910007461B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1986-07-10 NO NO862793A patent/NO169035C/en unknown
- 1986-07-10 BR BR8603239A patent/BR8603239A/en unknown
- 1986-07-10 JP JP61162924A patent/JPS6270799A/en active Pending
- 1986-07-10 ES ES8600232A patent/ES2001015A6/en not_active Expired
- 1986-07-10 AU AU60048/86A patent/AU580177B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1986-07-10 CA CA000513519A patent/CA1268031A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-07-10 DK DK327786A patent/DK327786A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1986-07-10 ZA ZA865168A patent/ZA865168B/en unknown
- 1986-07-10 PT PT82958A patent/PT82958B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3024892A1 (en) * | 1979-08-18 | 1982-02-11 | Thyssen Industrie Ag, 4300 Essen | Steel castings which can be hardened and tempered - contain lanthanide so they can be used as neutron absorbing shields |
EP0055371A1 (en) * | 1980-12-27 | 1982-07-07 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Neutron absorber, neutron absorber assembly utilizing the same, and other uses thereof |
WO1984001390A1 (en) * | 1982-10-05 | 1984-04-12 | Montupet Fonderies | Method for manufacturing aluminium- and boron-based composite alloys and application thereof |
GB2147729A (en) * | 1983-10-03 | 1985-05-15 | Kernforschungsanlage Juelich | Process for lowering the reactivity of a gas-cooled pebble bed reactor and shut-down element |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 97, no. 12, 20 septembre 1982, pages 548,549, résumé no. 100403e, Columbus, Ohio, US; & JP-A-82 38 367 (TOSHIBA CERAMICS CO. LTD.) 03-03-1982 * |
SINTERED METAL-CERAMIC COMPOSITES, New Delhi, India, 6-9, décembre 1983, pages 159-179, Elsevier Science Publishers, Amsterdam, NL; C. GANGULY et al.: "Dispersion type composites for nuclear reactors" * |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2005103312A1 (en) * | 2004-04-22 | 2005-11-03 | Alcan International Limited | Improved neutron absorption effectiveness for boron content aluminum materials |
US10815552B2 (en) | 2013-06-19 | 2020-10-27 | Rio Tinto Alcan International Limited | Aluminum alloy composition with improved elevated temperature mechanical properties |
EP3480327A4 (en) * | 2016-05-30 | 2020-06-17 | Fujikura, Ltd. | Gadolinium wire material, method for manufacturing same, metal-coated gadolinium wire material using same, heat exchanger, and magnetic refrigeration device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
PT82958B (en) | 1993-03-31 |
KR910007461B1 (en) | 1991-09-26 |
FI85923B (en) | 1992-02-28 |
ZA865168B (en) | 1987-03-25 |
KR870001611A (en) | 1987-03-14 |
FI862902A0 (en) | 1986-07-10 |
NO862793D0 (en) | 1986-07-10 |
DE3662078D1 (en) | 1989-03-16 |
CA1268031A (en) | 1990-04-24 |
JPS6270799A (en) | 1987-04-01 |
NZ216802A (en) | 1989-06-28 |
DK327786A (en) | 1987-01-12 |
FR2584852B1 (en) | 1987-10-16 |
ES2001015A6 (en) | 1988-04-16 |
BR8603239A (en) | 1987-02-24 |
FR2584852A1 (en) | 1987-01-16 |
NO862793L (en) | 1987-01-12 |
EP0211779B1 (en) | 1989-02-08 |
GR861792B (en) | 1986-11-04 |
NO169035B (en) | 1992-01-20 |
NO169035C (en) | 1992-04-29 |
ATE40763T1 (en) | 1989-02-15 |
AU6004886A (en) | 1987-01-15 |
IE58952B1 (en) | 1993-12-01 |
FI862902A (en) | 1987-01-12 |
FI85923C (en) | 1992-06-10 |
IE861851L (en) | 1987-01-11 |
IL79385A0 (en) | 1986-10-31 |
DK327786D0 (en) | 1986-07-10 |
PT82958A (en) | 1986-08-01 |
AU580177B2 (en) | 1989-01-05 |
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