NO162128B - Piston ring position a lower cylinder piston. - Google Patents

Abstract

A split oil wiper ring inserted into a ring groove on the lower, propulsive side end of a four-stroke internal combustion engine cylinder piston and on all sides is pressed against the cylinder bore wall with uniform biasing force. This oil wiper ring is formed by a specially shaped compression ring, the cylindrical or insignificant convex or a minute ring (German Minutenring) with a slightly conical peripheral surface is provided with a partial taper with respect to the cylinder bore wall (1) so that these. (a) in peripheral areas (3, 4) assigned to the pressure side and back pressure side of the cylinder piston, by. by means of inclined and / or rounded transition surfaces (13, 15) against the ring flanks (12, 14) are partially reduced in their height for the formation of oil collecting pockets, and. b) in the two remaining arranged peripheral areas (6, 7) the nest of the piston bolt openings of the cylinder piston is partially bevelled and forms with the underside of the piston ring a sharp oil wiper edge (10). In addition, this oil wiper ring is kept moderately secured against rotation in its annular groove, namely so that its sharp oil wiper edges during engine operation remain arranged below the piston bolt openings and the other peripheral areas in the area of the cylinder piston pressure and back pressure side.

Description

Loading and unloading arrangements for bulk carriers.

The present invention relates to a loading and unloading arrangement for general cargo ships comprising a crane consisting of trolleys which run on rail tracks arranged transversely which are extendable outside the ship's side and which are suspended in a fixed structure provided with a roof on a weather deck, which crane trolleys are intended for cargo packages which can be transported horizontally in the cargo spaces, e.g. unit loads such as pallet loads and containers, as well as extensive booms, jib cranes or the like.

It has now become common for the sea transport of various small cargoes to collect the cargo into units of a standardized size, e.g. on pallets or in containers. During loading and unloading, these unit loads are transported with forklifts on the quay as well as on board the ship's hold. Special devices have been developed to bring such unit loads from the dock forklifts to the forklifts in the hold. A known device for this purpose comprises a fixed rail which is arranged transversely in the interior of the ship and can be extended outside the ship's side through a gate in the ship's side or in the superstructure, and which carries a crane cat that lifts the cargo in and out of the ship. Such a device has a number of advantages. The trolley can thus carry a lifting platform in such a way that it will not be able to rotate undesired about a vertical axis, and the forklift trucks can then without difficulty place the load on the platform when it is to be lifted, and later take the load off again, without manual assistance as elles would have been necessary to steer the platform into the correct position for the forklifts. At the same time, loading and unloading will take place more quickly. Then the loading and

(162128) 1 sheet of drawings.

unloading takes place through gates in the ship's side or in the superstructure, further cargo and holds will be protected from precipitation during the loading and unloading work. Otherwise, you are not dependent on forklifts, and the device can thus be used for loading and unloading from and to barges.

However, the previously known designs of this loading and unloading device also have certain disadvantages. Thus, it will be understood that the device, as a result of the fact that the gates must be able to be maneuvered and sealed in a reassuring manner, will easily become relatively expensive and complicated. In addition, the size of the gate opening will limit the size of the parcels that can be transported through the opening. Furthermore, ports on the ship's side will not always have sufficient height above the quayside. On the other hand, an arrangement of gates and rails in a superstructure on the weather deck will prevent visibility and passage of longships and will limit the length of the weather deck hatches. This will especially be the case if a rail is to be arranged for each ship section between the watertight transom bulkheads, which will be necessary in order for the reduction in loading and unloading time that can be obtained with such a trolley device to apply to all the cargo holds and thereby lead to a reduced stay in the harbour.

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a loading and unloading arrangement for ships that are to transport mixed general cargo, where the large and heavy parcels are loaded and unloaded through weather deck hatches using booms, jib cranes, quay cranes or the like, while for loading and unloading smaller parcels, e.g. unit loads, serve devices with trolleys that can run on rail tracks arranged transom at the same time that the arrangement of the trolleys is such that most of the advantages of such trolleys are retained and the above-mentioned disadvantages are largely avoided without hindering the work of the booms or cranes.

This has been achieved by the fact that the rails, instead of being arranged in the interior of the ship and so that they have to be extended out through a gate in the side of the ship or in the superstructure, are; arranged in i. it: free ov.er-be-covered, and-wood. that the - hatches - are 'extended under the trolleys' rails, so that the trolleys also load and unload through the same hatches as - the booms or the like. The arrangement according to the invention is thus characterized in that one of said rails, suspended in the support structure, is arranged above one end part. of the hatch.this crane.is to operate, and that. in ..it. the least ■ the transom side of ■ the supporting structure which faces the said hatch is open, -, so that booms or the like arranged at • it ■. other end part of ■ the hatch,.for operation: of-this,-also ban-operate the part of the hatch which- the running cat, normally-operates..One -rail track for every two. neighboring windows. is preferably arranged - by! the opposite ends of the hatches and are preferably carried by a joint; support structure. -While, there -usually..a barrier is arranged. or similar-at: each end of the hatch, usually in the form of a double-mirrored boom — or crane device on a common deckhouse between, each hatch,* is, in a preferred embodiment -of,

•the arrangement according to, the invention only. arranged like this: boom arrangement at each of the spaces between the hatches, while at the other spaces there is a common support structure for toj rails, * a path for each of the two. adjacent. hatches. j - As the rail is fixed ■ and is only • calculated. on small cargo packages, - kari in the supporting structure have a simple design and. relatively small dimensions. For this reason, the rail will only cover a small part of each hatch, so the device will not significantly limit the size of the part of the weather deck hatch's opening which is served by it in other loading and unloading equipment for larger and heavier: parcels, and-nor. will come-in 1 way, for this .equipment. ^Furthermore, the entire hatch opening-.-thus..alsoxthe.part of. this . which protrudes ■ in -under ? the rail, could be used when loading and unloading large parcels that require a large hatch opening. Since the support structure for rails arranged according to the invention does not require any space between the hatches, these will also be able to be made longer than with the usual devices with booms or cranes between each hatch, so the opening that can be used by the other loading and unloading equipment, on the contrary against will be greater than what has hitherto been common. In order for the load and the end part of the hatch opening over which the rail extends to be protected against precipitation during loading and unloading, the supporting structure can be made: with a roof that covers the aforementioned. end par.ti.of the hatch..For -further protection of the cargo and hold against precipitation, which would otherwise enter at an angle under the roof, the open transom sides of the support structure during loading and unloading can be closed by removable bulkheads in the form of tarpaulins or the like. Since the roof only covers a small part of each weather deck hatch, the remaining part of the hatch should be covered in another way. 'This !can be conveniently achieved -by--using a - hatch cover -which • consists ■ of 'hinged sections which-are designed 'to,- be pulled along the hatch-and stowed -vertically-at one end of this,' as the rail is arranged at the opposite end w the hatch. With the aforementioned loading and unloading arrangement, the trolleys only transport relatively small cargo packages, such as pallet loads and containers, which can be transported to and from a suspended trolley, platform or similar using forklift trucks. The loading and unloading of these unit loads can also take place in rainy weather. Other loading and unloading equipment such as booms, jib cranes or quay cranes transport and distribute the large and heavy parcels in and out of the ship in the usual way through weather - the deck hatches. As this is about relatively low lift, this part of the loading and unloading work can take place quickly, when there is calm weather. This load is usually not so sensitive to rain either. It <can be mentioned that*it?is-known.to..-arrange, cranes . with - running cats: in it in the open ..on .weather deck. -So it is. deti known.-cranes.<where

■ a „ fixed .support structure .carrier.' cross-'Skipps* kj ørbarr kr.anbro.--as. in some embodiments, in turn, carries: a . longship drivable, running cat..Furthermore,-already"known.longship r drivable -gantry cranes. with :cross-.ship -driveable .running cats..-All-in these in executions, however, have ..the :common ;that ■ they prevent the use -of■•• normal 'booms,

•swing cranes"or similar: "By atvdeblir

just by operating the hatch, the number of hivs per hour is reduced. These versions are therefore designated for heavier lifts, but are nevertheless poorly suited for the very largest and heaviest lifts and have a limited lifting height. They will therefore not be suitable for use on ships which are to carry mixed general cargo and which are to load and unload this under different conditions.

The invention will appear in more detail from the following description with reference to the drawing, which schematically shows an exemplary embodiment. Fig. 1 is a section of a tire arrangement seen from the side. Fig. 2 is an isometric view of the arrangement in fig. 1.

In the figures, 1, 2, 3 and 4 denote the vessels of four weather deck hatches. Between the hatch frames 1 and 2 and between the hatch frames 3 and 4 there are arranged winch houses 17 and 18 respectively with boom posts and booms 6, 7, 8 and 9. The ship's superstructure with wheelhouse etc. is indicated at 5. In the area for mel- the pocket space between the hatch frames 2 and 3 is where a fixed support structure 10 is arranged for two rails 12 (see fig. 2). The rail tracks 12 each carry their own running cat 13 and are arranged to extend outside the ship's side as shown in fig. 2. Each trolley 13 carries lifting platforms 14 for pallet loads, containers or the like. The platforms 14 can be raised from the quay with the help of the running cats 13 which can then be driven along the rails 12 to the area for a weather deck hatch, after which the load can be lowered down through the hatch. This transport can take place while the load is protected against falling, since tarpaulins or similar temporary bulkheads can be arranged above the projecting rail parts 12 and down the side of the rails 12 and the supporting structure 10 as indicated at 15. The hatch covers are shown in the drawing to consist of hinged sections 16 which are designed to be pulled along the hatches and stowed vertically at one end of these. In fig. 2 it is shown that the part of the hatch opening that is not covered by the support structure 10 can be covered by a suitable number of cover sections 16 being pulled forward over the hatch opening to the tarpaulin 15, while the part of the hatch

the opening through which the platforms 14 are to be lowered is still open.

While the support structure 10 is shared by two rails 12, a support structure 11 is arranged at the aft end of hatch 4 which only carries one rail, and which is otherwise connected to the superstructure 5.

Claims (2)

1. Loading and unloading arrangements for general cargo ships comprising a crane consisting of trolleys that run on transom rails which are extendable outside the ship's side and which are suspended in a roofed fixed structure on the weather deck, which crane trolleys are intended for cargo packages that can be transported horizontally in the cargo spaces, e.g. unit loads such as pallet loads and containers, as well as comprehensive booms, jib cranes or the like, characterized in that one of the mentioned rails (12), suspended in the support structure (10), is arranged above one end part of the hatch (1, 2, 3 , 4) this crane is to operate, and that at least the transom side of the support structure (10) which faces said hatch (1, 2, 3, 4) is open, so that booms or the like (6, 7, 8, 9 ) arranged at the other end part of the hatch (1, 2, 3, 4), for operating this, can also operate the part of the hatch (1, 2, 3, 4) which the trolley (13) normally operates. 2. The loading and unloading arrangement as stated in claim 1, characterized in that a rail track for each of two neighboring hatches is arranged at the opposite ends of the hatches and is supported by a common support structure (10), and in that such common support structures can be arranged at every other space between the hatches, while in the other spaces a normal double mirrored boom or crane device is arranged.