NO145375B - QUICK CONNECTION DEVICE FOR AUTOMATIC COUPLING OF ONE OF A LOADING MACHINE OR ANOTHER TOOLS CARRIED TOOLS WITH A WORKING TOOL - Google Patents
QUICK CONNECTION DEVICE FOR AUTOMATIC COUPLING OF ONE OF A LOADING MACHINE OR ANOTHER TOOLS CARRIED TOOLS WITH A WORKING TOOL Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- NO145375B NO145375B NO763114A NO763114A NO145375B NO 145375 B NO145375 B NO 145375B NO 763114 A NO763114 A NO 763114A NO 763114 A NO763114 A NO 763114A NO 145375 B NO145375 B NO 145375B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- ship
- tools
- hull
- connection device
- ship hull
- Prior art date
Links
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 title 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 title 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000004807 localization Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000011514 reflex Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/36—Component parts
- E02F3/3604—Devices to connect tools to arms, booms or the like
- E02F3/3609—Devices to connect tools to arms, booms or the like of the quick acting type, e.g. controlled from the operator seat
- E02F3/3631—Devices to connect tools to arms, booms or the like of the quick acting type, e.g. controlled from the operator seat with a hook and a transversal locking element
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
- B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
- B62D49/00—Tractors
- B62D49/02—Tractors modified to take lifting devices
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/36—Component parts
- E02F3/3604—Devices to connect tools to arms, booms or the like
- E02F3/3609—Devices to connect tools to arms, booms or the like of the quick acting type, e.g. controlled from the operator seat
- E02F3/3654—Devices to connect tools to arms, booms or the like of the quick acting type, e.g. controlled from the operator seat with energy coupler, e.g. coupler for hydraulic or electric lines, to provide energy to drive(s) mounted on the tool
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
- E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
- E02F3/28—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging tools mounted on a dipper- or bucket-arm, i.e. there is either one arm or a pair of arms, e.g. dippers, buckets
- E02F3/36—Component parts
- E02F3/3604—Devices to connect tools to arms, booms or the like
- E02F3/3609—Devices to connect tools to arms, booms or the like of the quick acting type, e.g. controlled from the operator seat
- E02F3/3663—Devices to connect tools to arms, booms or the like of the quick acting type, e.g. controlled from the operator seat hydraulically-operated
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Quick-Acting Or Multi-Walled Pipe Joints (AREA)
- Shovels (AREA)
- Automatic Tool Replacement In Machine Tools (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Description
Antiradar-skibsskrog. Anti-radar ship hull.
Oppfinnelsen vedrbrer et skibsskrog, hvor tilnærmet vertikale flater, som på grunn av radar-tilbakestråling er lett å lokalisere, er konkavt utformet og heller mot idealvertikal-planet. The invention relates to a ship's hull, where approximately vertical surfaces, which due to radar back-radiation are easy to locate, are concavely designed and rather towards the ideal vertical plane.
Fra optikken er det kjent speil, som gjengir et riktig speil-billede. Slike speil består av to speil som er anordnet i innbyrdes rett vinkel. Betrakterens billedrefleks oppstår indirek-te via begge speilflater. Jo bredere de to speilflater er, desto mer uavhengig blir dette fenomen av den vinkel fra hvilken betrakteren ser inn i et slikt speil. From optics, there are known mirrors, which reproduce a correct mirror image. Such mirrors consist of two mirrors which are arranged at right angles to each other. The viewer's image reflex occurs indirectly via both mirror surfaces. The wider the two mirror surfaces, the more independent this phenomenon becomes of the angle from which the viewer looks into such a mirror.
Samme virkning, hvor en innfallende stråle via to innbyrdes rettvinklet stående, reflekterende flater reflekteres i innfallsretning, er i lokaliseringsteknikken, kjent under navnet "hjb'rne-ef f ekt"..„•'■' The same effect, where an incident beam is reflected in the direction of incidence via two reflective surfaces standing at right angles to each other, is known in the localization technique under the name "hjb'rne-ef f ekt"..„•'■'
Da det er bnskelig å beskytte visse objekter, spesielt skibsskrog, mot lokalisering, sbkes hjorneeffekten pm mulig undgåttc Den opptrer f.eks. der hvor overbygninger, f.eks. dekkshus, reiser seg i rett vinkel fra dekket. Hjbrnet dannes av dekket og overbygningens vegg.. As it is desirable to protect certain objects, especially ship hulls, against localization, the corner effect is avoided as much as possible. It occurs, e.g. where superstructures, e.g. deck house, rises at right angles from the deck. Hjbrnet is formed by the deck and the wall of the superstructure..
Til å begynne med nbyde man seg med å undgå slike hjbrner, idet overbygninger ble utstyrt med vegger, som ikke forlbp i rett vinkel mot dekket. Man har også forsbkt å undgå hjorneeffekten ved å utforme tilnærmet vertikale vegger konkave. At first, efforts were made to avoid such corners, as superstructures were equipped with walls that did not extend at right angles to the deck. Attempts have also been made to avoid the corner effect by designing nearly vertical walls concave.
Ved alle disse forholdsregler gikk man imidlertid ut fra at radar-peilestrålene folger den geometriske optikke lover. With all these precautions, however, it was assumed that the radar bearing beams follow the laws of geometric optics.
Så er imidlertid ikke tilfelle. Radar-peilestrålene forholder seg til en viss grad avvikende fra den geometriske opptikks lover. Ved de kjente utformninger av skibsskrog, hvor hjbrne-effekten sbkes undgått ved at man undgår flater som stbter sammen i rett vinkel og ved at enkelte flater gis konkav ut-formning, foreligger dog alltid en viss fare for at tilstrekkelige deler av den innfallende bblge. skal reflekteres, om ikke i innfallsretningen, så dog i.en felles retning, noe som mulig-gjbr lokalisering fra en mottager som er anordnet annetsteds enn peilestasjonens sender. However, this is not the case. The radar bearing beams deviate to a certain extent from the laws of geometrical optics. With the known designs of ship hulls, where the corner effect is avoided by avoiding surfaces that come together at right angles and by giving certain surfaces a concave design, there is always a certain danger that sufficient parts of the incident wave. must be reflected, if not in the direction of incidence, then in a common direction, which makes localization possible from a receiver that is arranged elsewhere than the sounding station's transmitter.
Ifblge den geometriske opptikks lover, skal f.eks. kanten på According to the laws of the geometric approach, e.g. edge on
en kile, dvs. en gjenstand bestående av to skråstilte flater, ikke reflekteres. På grunnlag av de bblge<p>ptiske lover har det imidlertid vist seg at en slik kant kan gi betydelig refleks-virkning, og at det derved kan, opptre sterke interferenser på grunn av overlagring av strålinger som. går ut fra sidekantene._ Dette er blitt bekreftet av målinger. Slike interferenser opptrer i hby grad også i de tilfelle, hvor to flater motes i rett a wedge, i.e. an object consisting of two inclined surfaces, is not reflected. On the basis of the bblge<p>ptic laws, however, it has been shown that such an edge can produce a significant reflex effect, and that strong interference can thereby occur due to the superimposition of radiations such as goes out from the side edges._ This has been confirmed by measurements. Such interferences also occur to a great extent in cases where two surfaces are aligned in a straight line
vinkel» De foranstaltninger som man hittil har benyttet seg av, antas av disse grunner ikke å være egnet til å sikre tilstrekke-lig spredning av energien. Til tross for disse foranstaltninger reflekteres alltid en betydelig brbkdel av den innfallende energi til en felles retning og ofte til og med til innfallsretningen. angle" The measures that have been used so far are, for these reasons, not believed to be suitable for ensuring sufficient dispersion of the energy. Despite these measures, a significant fraction of the incident energy is always reflected to a common direction and often even to the direction of incidence.
Til grunn for foreliggende oppfinnelse ligger den oppgave effektivt å redusere tilbakestrålingen til alle rommets vinkel-områder og spesielt til en peilestasjons innfallsretning. The present invention is based on the task of effectively reducing the back radiation to all angular areas of the room and especially to the direction of incidence of a bearing station.
Dette oppnås ifolge oppfinnelsen ved at de reflekterte stråler fra strålinger som faller inn med en vinkel på 0 til ± 10° mot horisontalen, rettes mot en spredningsflate i området for fokuspunktet hhv. fokuslinjens område. Dette trekk sikrer optimal spredning av den innfallende energi og sikrer derved skibsskroget i langt hbyere grad mot lokalisering ved radarstråling, enn det har vært mulig med de hittil kjente foranstaltninger. This is achieved according to the invention by directing the reflected rays from radiations incident at an angle of 0 to ± 10° to the horizontal towards a scattering surface in the area of the focal point or focus line area. This feature ensures optimal dispersion of the incident energy and thereby secures the ship's hull to a far greater extent against localization by radar radiation than has been possible with the previously known measures.
Den flate som står i fare for å bli lokalisert og/eller den spredende flate kan fortrinsvis bæres av en konstruksjonsdel, som består av et absorberende materiale eller er belagt med et slikt materiale. Dette trekk bidrar ytterligere'til sikring mot radarstråle-lokaliseringo Ifolge et fordelaktig trekk ved oppfinnelsen kan de reflekterende stråler videre være rettet mot den vannflate som forstyrres véd skibets bevegelse. Ved dette trekk vil de reflekterte stråler spres vilkårlig i skiftende retninger, slik at man fra eventuelt mottatte tilbakestrålte stråler ikke kan slutte seg til et således beskaffet skibs-skrogs posisjon. The surface that is in danger of being localized and/or the spreading surface can preferably be supported by a structural part, which consists of an absorbent material or is coated with such a material. This feature further contributes to protection against radar beam localization. According to an advantageous feature of the invention, the reflective rays can further be directed towards the water surface which is disturbed by the movement of the ship. With this move, the reflected rays will be scattered arbitrarily in changing directions, so that one cannot connect to the position of a ship's hull obtained in this way from any back-radiated rays received.
Den spredende flate kan imidlertid også anordnes på selve skroget. Eksempler på slike-spredende flater er konvekst avrund-ede kanter, f.eks» på relingen eller ved overgangen mellom dekk og skrogets yttervegg. However, the spreading surface can also be arranged on the hull itself. Examples of such diffusing surfaces are convexly rounded edges, e.g. on the railing or at the transition between the deck and the outer wall of the hull.
Ved hjelp av de trekk som foreslåes ifolge oppfinnelsen og som sorger for ekstra spredning av det resterende interferensområde sikres en maksimal statistisk fordeling av energien i alle rom-vinkelområder„ With the help of the features that are proposed according to the invention and which ensure additional spreading of the remaining interference area, a maximum statistical distribution of the energy in all spatial-angle areas is ensured.
Det er derved likegyldig om den spredende flate er beliggende nbyaktig i fokuspunktet hhv. fokuslinjen eller noe utenfor. For det tilfelle at vannflaten danner den spredende flate kan fokuspunktet hhv. fokuslinjen f.eks. ligge ovenfor denne flate. It is therefore indifferent whether the diffusing surface is located close to the focal point or the focus line or something outside. In the event that the water surface forms the spreading surface, the focal point can resp. the focus line e.g. lie above this surface.
En ringe rest av horisontalrefleksjon er vanligvis uundgåelig, til tross for de trekk som er foreslått ifolge oppfinnelsen. Det er imidlertid om å gjore å holde slik horisontalrefleksjon innenfor så snevre grenser at lokalisering av skroget, blir umulig. Dette sikres ved .foreliggende oppfinnelse. Selv om absorbatorene, som danner den flate som står i fare for å bli lokalisert hhv. den spredende flate, kan være av valgfri, art, A slight residual horizontal reflection is usually unavoidable, despite the features proposed according to the invention. However, it is necessary to keep such horizontal reflection within such narrow limits that localization of the hull becomes impossible. This is ensured by the present invention. Although the absorbers, which form the surface that is in danger of being localized or the spreading surface can be of any kind,
er spesielle interferensabsorbatorer som beskrevet i andre patenter velegnet for dette formål. are special interference absorbers as described in other patents suitable for this purpose.
Tegningene viser foretrukne utfbrelseseksempler av oppfinnelsen. The drawings show preferred embodiments of the invention.
Fig» 1 viser et skjematisk lengdesnitt gjennom et skibsskrog Fig» 1 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a ship's hull
for å illustrere hjbrne-effekten. to illustrate the hjbrne effect.
Fig. 2 viser en del av et skjematisk tverrsnitt gjennom et skibsskrog, som illustrerer -strålenes baner.ved horisontalt innfallende stråler. Fig. 1 viser et lengdesnitt gjennom en del av et skibsskrog i skjematisk gjengivelse. Baugen 1 sammen med vannspeilet 2 og dekket 3 sammen med veggen. 4 danner hver sitt hjbrne, dvs..et hult hjbrne med plane flater som står i rett vinkel mot hverandre. En stråle 5 som faller inn på en av disse flater vil ved 6 reflekteres fra den ene av hjbrneflåtene på den andre og vil, ved 7 fra den annen hjbrneflate reflekteres i innfallsretning. Dette fenomen opptrer uavhengig av strålingens innfallsvinkel.. Ved å undgå slike plane flater som står i rett vinkel mot hverandre har man hittil forsbkt å undgå denne uheldige virkning, som faktisk fremmer lokalisering av.skibsskroget ved hjelp av radarbblger. Man har.således enten valgt vinkelen mellom de to flater 1, 2 hhv. 3, 4 avvikende fra en rett vinkel eller man har i det minste utfort.den ene flaten 1,4 konkavt. Disse kjente foranstaltninger er ikke tilstrekkelige for å sikre skibsskroget mot radarpeiling* Fig. 2 shows part of a schematic cross-section through a ship's hull, which illustrates the paths of the -rays in the case of horizontally incident rays. Fig. 1 shows a longitudinal section through part of a ship's hull in a schematic representation. The bow 1 together with the water mirror 2 and the deck 3 together with the wall. 4 each form its own corner, i.e. a hollow corner with flat surfaces that stand at right angles to each other. A beam 5 that falls on one of these surfaces will at 6 be reflected from one of the slats on the other and will, at 7 from the other slat surface be reflected in the direction of incidence. This phenomenon occurs regardless of the angle of incidence of the radiation. By avoiding such flat surfaces that stand at right angles to each other, one has so far tried to avoid this unfortunate effect, which actually promotes localization of the ship's hull using radar beams. One has thus either chosen the angle between the two surfaces 1, 2 respectively. 3, 4 deviating from a right angle or one has at least one surface 1.4 concave. These known measures are not sufficient to secure the ship's hull against radar tracking*
Ifolge oppfinnelsen (fig. 2) utfores tilnærmet vertikale flater 11, 14 konkavt på en slik måte at strålinger som faller inn horisontalt eller i et helningsvinkel-område mellom 0 og - 10° mot horisontalen av flatene 11, 14 (som vist ved 16) reflekteres mot en spredende flate 18 hhv. 19, som ligger i området for fokuspunktet hhv. fokuslinjen og reflekterer strålingen i forskjellige hhv. skiftende retninger ved 17»According to the invention (fig. 2), approximately vertical surfaces 11, 14 are made concave in such a way that radiation falling in horizontally or in an inclination angle range between 0 and - 10° towards the horizontal of the surfaces 11, 14 (as shown at 16) is reflected against a diffusing surface 18 or 19, which is in the area of the focal point or the focal line and reflects the radiation in different or changing directions at 17"
Flatene 11 og 14 kan bestå av et absorberende materiale eller kan være belagt med et slikt materiale eller med absorbatorer. Det samme gjelder den spredende flate 18, som er anordnet ve,d en overgang mellom skibets yttervegg 11 og dekket 13» Vannflaten 12 ér i bevegelse i området for strålingens fokuspunkt ved 19, og den innfallende stråling reflekteres der ikke bare i forskjellige, men til og med i skiftende retninger. Dette The surfaces 11 and 14 may consist of an absorbent material or may be coated with such a material or with absorbers. The same applies to the diffusing surface 18, which is arranged at a transition between the ship's outer wall 11 and the deck 13". The water surface 12 is in motion in the area of the radiation's focal point at 19, and the incident radiation is reflected there not only in different, but to and with in changing directions. This
er desto mer bnskelig eftersom den der opptredende stråling på grunn av skibsveggens stbrre dimensjoner er sterkere der enn i området for den spredende flate 18, hvor det bare samles stråler som reflekteres fra en mindre flate for en overbygning. Skibsskrogets flate 11 velges fortrinsvis slik at flatens fokuslinje ligger i området for den forstyrrelse av vannover-flaten som skibet selv fremkaller„ is all the more desirable since the radiation occurring there due to the greater dimensions of the ship's wall is stronger there than in the area of the dispersing surface 18, where only rays that are reflected from a smaller surface for a superstructure are collected. The surface 11 of the ship's hull is preferably chosen so that the focal line of the surface lies in the area of the disturbance of the water surface that the ship itself causes.
Claims (4)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE7510194A SE399866B (en) | 1975-09-12 | 1975-09-12 | QUICK COUPLING DEVICE FOR AUTOMATIC CONNECTION OF ONE OF A LOADING MACHINE OR OTHER TOOL CARRIER SUPPORTED TOOL MOUNTING WITH A WORK TOOL |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| NO763114L NO763114L (en) | 1977-03-15 |
| NO145375B true NO145375B (en) | 1981-11-30 |
| NO145375C NO145375C (en) | 1982-03-10 |
Family
ID=20325529
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO763114A NO145375C (en) | 1975-09-12 | 1976-09-10 | QUICK CONNECTING DEVICE FOR AUTOMATIC CONNECTION OF ONE OF A LOADING MACHINE OR OTHER TOOLS BEARING TOOL MACHINE WITH A WORKING TOOL. |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| DE (1) | DE2640840A1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI62809C (en) |
| NO (1) | NO145375C (en) |
| SE (1) | SE399866B (en) |
Families Citing this family (13)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU544156B2 (en) * | 1980-11-17 | 1985-05-16 | Eimco (Great Britain) Ltd. | A coupling system for earth-moving equipment |
| SE449987B (en) * | 1985-05-24 | 1987-06-01 | Vreten Ab | WHEEL LOADER ADDITIONAL |
| DE3740077A1 (en) * | 1987-11-26 | 1989-06-08 | Mafi Transport Systeme Gmbh | Automatic hitch system |
| SE463301B (en) * | 1989-03-15 | 1990-11-05 | Side System Ab | DEVICE FOR CRANE-TRUCKED VEHICLES |
| DE4010224C2 (en) * | 1990-03-30 | 1994-05-19 | Porsche Ag | Quick change device |
| DE4213724A1 (en) * | 1992-04-25 | 1993-10-28 | Daimler Benz Ag | Coupling device for attachment of snow plough to vehicle - uses hydraulically operated locking bolts with tapered engagement ends |
| DE4412114B4 (en) * | 1994-04-08 | 2010-05-12 | Deere & Company, Moline | Conduit coupling device |
| DE4412115B4 (en) * | 1994-04-08 | 2004-08-05 | Deere & Company, Moline | drive connection |
| DE29514576U1 (en) * | 1995-09-11 | 1997-01-23 | Rumpp Gerhard | Coupling arrangement for coupling an additional device to a motor vehicle |
| EP1508645A3 (en) * | 2003-08-21 | 2006-09-06 | Jürgen NAGLER | Device for coupling and decoupling the ends of hydraulic pressure conduits |
| SE527950C2 (en) * | 2005-01-05 | 2006-07-18 | Per Johansson | Coupler |
| AT513332A1 (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2014-03-15 | Wacker Neuson Linz Gmbh | Device for coupling media lines assigned to a carrier device and a tool |
| EP3789540A1 (en) * | 2019-09-05 | 2021-03-10 | Karl Mauch | Machine |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3243066A (en) * | 1964-01-20 | 1966-03-29 | Caterpillar Tractor Co | Quick change means for loader attachments |
| DE2031963A1 (en) * | 1970-06-27 | 1971-12-09 | Heinrich Weiste & Co Gmbh, 4770 Soest | Device for connecting an agricultural device to the attachment of a tractor |
-
1975
- 1975-09-12 SE SE7510194A patent/SE399866B/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1976
- 1976-09-09 FI FI762594A patent/FI62809C/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1976-09-10 DE DE19762640840 patent/DE2640840A1/en active Granted
- 1976-09-10 NO NO763114A patent/NO145375C/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO145375C (en) | 1982-03-10 |
| DE2640840C2 (en) | 1988-09-22 |
| FI762594A (en) | 1977-03-13 |
| FI62809B (en) | 1982-11-30 |
| SE399866B (en) | 1978-03-06 |
| DE2640840A1 (en) | 1977-04-07 |
| SE7510194L (en) | 1977-03-13 |
| NO763114L (en) | 1977-03-15 |
| FI62809C (en) | 1983-03-10 |
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