NO141595B - DEVICE FOR DIVISION OF THE COMPOUND - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a device for dividing

the plastic or rubber-metal connection at the bottle cap.

There are known devices for dividing connection

later plastic or rubber with metal.

In German explanatory document no. 2,006,114 as well as in German Offenlegungsskrift no. 2,101,739, a progress-

way and a device, respectively a method for recycling cable waste. In German specification no. 2,006,114, a conveyor belt brings the material to be processed through a cooling channel, where the cooling placed there allows the material to become so brittle that it is then easily possible with a separate

separation of the plastic from metal.

In the German Offenlegungsskrift no. 2,101,739, the material to be processed is divided in a heat-insulated rotary mill filled with grinding bodies by simultaneous cooling, so that it is then also possible here to recycle the metal.

With both of the devices described, which have been specially developed for the recycling of cable waste, the goods to be processed must be pre-sorted and possibly cut to a specific length. Furthermore, the cable material itself requires a construction for the processing apparatus which is different from the apparatus required for processing bottle caps.

The task which is the basis of the invention is especially for the division of it in bottle caps for sealing usual-

show placed plastic or rubber from metal in a simple device.

This task is solved according to the invention with the help of

of a continuously or discontinuously fillable container for receiving the closures into which a line for refrigerant

part, e.g. liquid nitrogen, and which is equipped on the underside

with an opening to which a grinder joins.

This device stands out advantageously in comparison with the known devices in that, on the one hand, it is not necessary to carry out any special preparation of the bottle caps before introduction into the apparatus, and on the other hand, that the cooled material only has to be deformed in order to carry out the breakdown of the connection between plastic and metal.

In the following, the invention will be described in more detail with the help of an embodiment of the device, which is shown schematically in the drawing.

The bottle caps to be processed are emptied into the container 9, which is covered at the top with a steel grid 10. The caps must be as clean and dry as possible. The steel grid 10 has a grid width of 40 mm and is intended to hold back larger contaminants that may interfere with processing.

However, the small grid size means that the shutters themselves have difficulty falling through and building up on the grid. An eccentric motor 23 sets the steel grating into slight vibration and thus prevents the build-up of the shutters.

Smaller contaminants, such as e.g. pieces of paper, shards of glass or grains of sand do not interfere with the treatment process. During the subcooling, the glass shards become very brittle and split when passing through the hammer mill into small particles which are then sifted out in the separator and taken out with the remaining waste in a waste container.

From the container 9, the closures are taken out below and sucked with the help of blowing air provided by the radial ventilator 19 over the transport line 11 to the storage container 1. The porous storage container 1 can thus be filled to the maximum filling level. The photocell 24 controls the filling height and switches off the radial ventilator via a relay when the maximum filling level is reached or exceeded.

When the lid is removed from the storage container 1 and the maximum filling level is exceeded, the photocell via a delay relay switches the radial ventilator back on 19- The monitoring of the filling level must guarantee that the storage container is not over-filled, which would result in clogging of the transport line 11.

If the maximum filling level is reached in relation to container 1, cooling of the shutters begins. The cooling takes place by

supply of liquid nitrogen with a temperature of approx. -196°C':

over the supply line 25. At the opening of the solenoid valve 16

the liquid nitrogen comes out of the atomizing nozzle 15 and is atomized with the help of the circulating air provided by the radial ventilator 20 and blown over the tube arches 7 and 8 into the lower part of the storage container 1. The lower conical part of the storage container

dener 1 is equipped with a distance sieve which enables the cooled recirculation air to be supplied to the shutters from all sides. By repeated re-pumping, the desired temperature is eventually reached. The atmosphere in the interior of the storage container 1 is thereby enriched

increasingly with nitrogen.

The temperature is controlled via a resistance thermometer 17 and a two-point regulator with feedback (PD regulator). With this regulator, it is possible to adjust the temperature step by step

towards a predetermined value, because the switch-on times for the solenoid valve change proportionally with the approach of the temperature to the predetermined value. The greater the regulation deviation, the longer the switch-on time and vice versa. It-

ne regulation method is necessary for the reason that the resistance thermometer must measure the temperature in the interior of the storage container,

while the solenoid valve 16 sits far outside for technical reasons. The regulatory distance is therefore proportionately long. With help

of the predetermination effect, the PD regulator compensates for this disadvantage.

With the aid of a further radial ventilator 21, the surplus of nitrogen is sucked out from above the storage container 1 through the extraction line 12. At the same time, this radial ventilator has the task of providing a light vacuum to prevent the heavy nitrogen (because it has a cold temperature of -150° C) exits below through the dosing funnel 2 and the hammer mill 13.

This vacuum must also cancel the transport effect of the hammer

before the 13th.

The nitrogen extracted from above coats those in the middle

and in the upper part of the storage container 1 being closed. On

due to the large surface of the shutters, an in-

ten's heat exchange, so that nitrogen escapes upwards with a temperature of approx. 0°C.

This counter-flow cooling greatly affects the economic utilization of nitrogen. Due to the discharge of evaporated nitrogen, any moisture introduced with the shutters is also discharged again.

When the desired temperature is reached, due to the vaporized amount of nitrogen, it can be assumed that there is only nitrogen in the interior of the storage container 1. The conditions then look like this: 1) The radial fan 21 continuously sucks out evaporated excess nitrogen. 2) The radial ventilator 19 sucks nitrogen from the inside of the storage container 1 and blows over the transport line 11 the shutters back to the storage container 1. With the shutters, however, fresh air continuously reaches the storage container 1, but it is assumed that it is immediately led out again through the opposite

horizontal intake opening for the radial ventilator 21.

3) The temperature at the resistance thermometer 17 is around -180°C, at minimum filling level approx. -50°C and at maximum filling level

in o°c.

.The supply of the cooled shutters to the hammer mill which is set in motion by the vibrator 18 depends on the following conditions:

a) That one has the desired temperature of -180°C.

b) That the maximum filling level has been reached, which level is necessary to utilize the nitrogen in a good way. If the maximum filling level is exceeded, sufficient heat exchange is no longer possible.

If the conditions stated under points a and b are present, the vibrator 8 engages and sets the dosing rocker 3 in oscillations. With the help of the oscillations, the shutters are shaken through the dosing hopper 2 to the hammer grinder 13 which is already in operation - It is thus guaranteed that insufficiently cooled shutters are not introduced into the hammer grinder. When the vibrator 18 is locked, it also cannot happen that the non-running hammer mill is being filled, so that it cannot start.

The shutters fall into the running hammer mill and are there caught by the impact mechanism and driven through a hole screen. Thus

the cooled shutters are strongly deformed, whereby the PVC compound, which has become very brittle during the subcooling, detaches from the shutters and splits into small particles. Above the drain plate when both parts enter the separator 4.

The separator 4, which is equipped with a transport screw, transports the shutters axially further by turning the drum. Through the perforated outer casing in the separator, the PVC particles fall into the collection funnel 6 and are blown from there to the waste container by means of the radial ventilator 22. The lids fall at the end of the drum into the collection funnel 5" The radial ventilator 21 which is above the storage container 1 sucks out excess nitrogen, blows the captured shutters to a scraper holder.

Claims (3)

1. Device for dividing objects which, on the one hand, consist of metals and, on the other, of plastics or rubber into their components, whereby the object, after partial embrittlement by means of a deep-cooled refrigerant with a low boiling point, such as nitrogen, is processed by with the help of an e.g. as a hammer mill designed percussion without division of the metal part, characterized in that a cooling container (1) is arranged to separate the sealing compound from metallic bottle caps, which can be filled to a certain height with a cap, which height is determined with a filling level gauge (24) which consists of a photocell or the like, which container ends at its bottom in a dosing funnel (2), which in turn leads to the impactor (13) with connected separator (4), a fan (19) with which gas can be fed back from the cooling container (1) through a transport line (11) including the shutters fed into a supply container (9) preferably equipped with an eccentric motor (23), to the head part of the cooling container (1), a second ventilator (21), with which excess gas can be sucked out of the cooling container (1) over a line (12) and a third fan (20) with which deep-cooled, liquid, respectively mist-to-gas refrigerant can be introduced from a supply line (25) at the bottom of the cooling container (1). 2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that a vibrator (18) is arranged at the bottom of the cooling container (1), which is preferably only operable after switching on the percussion mechanism (13) and is connected to a dosing rocker (3). 3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the second ventilator (21) is connected via a line (12) to a collection funnel (5) opening into a waste container.