FI66548B - ANORDNING FOER SEPARERING AV FASTHAEFTAD PLAST ELLER RUBBER FRAON METAL I FLASKORKAR GENOM ATT FOERA AOTMINSTONE EN COMPONENT SKOER VID EN LAOG TEMPERATUR - Google Patents

Description

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Federal Republic of Germany Förbundsrepubliken Tyskland (DE) P 2442431.5 Toteennaytetty-Styrkt (71) Vereinigte Aluminum-Werke Aktiengesellschaft, Schliessfach 626,

Bonn, Federal Republic of Germany-Förbundsrepubliken Tyskland (DE) (72) Helmut Schröder, Bonn-Bad Godesberg, Giinter Böcker, St. Augustin,

Federal Republic of Germany-Förbundsrepubliken Tyskland (DE) (74) Leitzinger Oy (54) Apparatus for separating adhering plastic or rubber from metal in beakers by brittle at least one component at low temperature skör vid en läg temperatur

The invention relates to an apparatus for separating an artificial material or a compound of rubber and metal in bottle capsules.

Devices for separating an artificial material or a compound of rubber and metal are known.

DE-AS 2 006 114 as well as DE-OS 2 101 739 seek protection for a method and apparatus and a method for recovering cable waste. In DE-AS 2 006 114, a conveyor belt conveys the material to be treated through a cooling channel, where the cooling applied to the material makes it brittle to such an extent that it is then easy to separate the artificial material from the metal. The material to be treated in DE-OS 2 101 739 is crushed in a thermally insulated wobble mill filled with refining pieces by simultaneous cooling, so that metal recovery is then also possible here.

In both of the described devices, which have been specially developed for the treatment of cable waste, the material to be treated must be pre-sorted and possibly cut into pieces. Furthermore, the cable material itself requires a different type of structure in the processing equipment than the bottle capsule processing equipment.

This created a special task for separating the artificial material or rubber commonly used for sealing in bottle capsules from metal with a single device.

2,66548 According to the invention, this object was to be solved by a continuously or intermittently filled capsule-receiving container terminating in a refrigerant line, e.g. for liquid nitrogen, and provided on its underside with an opening to which a mill is subsequently connected.

The invented device proves to be advantageous compared to known devices in that, on the one hand, there is no need for any special treatment of the bottle capsules before entering the apparatus, on the other hand, the cooled material only needs to be deformed to separate the synthetic metal compound. The features of the invention appear from the claim.

The device according to the invention will be described with the aid of the accompanying drawing.

The bottle capsules to be processed are filled in a receiving tank 9, the upper part of which is covered with a steel screen 10. They should be as clean and dry as possible. The steel grating 10 has a loop size of 40 mm and is intended to retain larger contaminants that interfere with machining.

But due to the small loop, however, the capsules fall badly through and accumulate on the grid. The unbalance motor 23 sets the steel grate to a slight vibration and thus prevents the capsules from accumulating.

Minor contaminants such as pieces of paper, glass shards or grains of sand do not interfere with the processing process. On cooling, the glass chips become very brittle and disintegrate as they pass through the hammer mill into small particles, which then screen out in a sorter and end up in the waste transport tank with the pulp.

From the receiving tank 9, the capsules are sucked from below and, by means of the blowing air provided by the jet fan 19, blown along the conveying line 11 into the storage tank 1. The storage tank 1 can thus be filled to its maximum degree of filling. The photocell 24 controls the filling height and switches the jet fan 19 by means of a relay when the maximum filling level is reached or exceeded.

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When the capsules are taken from the storage tank 1 and the maximum filling level is exceeded, the photocell switches the radial fan 19 again via a deceleration relay. The filling height monitoring ensures that the storage tank does not overfill, which would cause the supply line 11 to become clogged. When the storage tank has reached its maximum filling level, cooling of the capsules begins. Cooling takes place by supplying liquid nitrogen at a temperature of about -196 ° C up to the supply line 25. By opening the solenoid valve 16, nitrogen flows out of the diffuser nozzle 15 and the circulation of air n is generated by the action of the jet fan 20 and is blown through the pipe arcs 7 and 8 to the lower part of the storage tank. The conical lower part of the storage tank 1 is provided with a distance screen, which allows the cooled circulation to be blown from the lime sides into the capsules. Repeated circulating gradually achieves the desired temperature. The air inside the storage tank 1 is then increasingly enriched with nitrogen.

The temperature is controlled by a resistance thermometer 17 and a two-point controller (PD controller) with a return line. With this regulator, it is possible to gradually bring the temperature to the desired value when the connection to the solenoid valve changes in relation to the desired value as the temperature approaches. The larger the control pedal, the longer the switching time and vice versa. This type of adjustment is necessary because the resistance thermometer must measure the temperature inside the storage tank, but the solenoid valve 16 is far outside for technical reasons. The adjustment distance is therefore relatively long. Through its predictability, the PD controller compensates for this drawback.

By means of the next jet fan 21, excess nitrogen is sucked out of the upper part of the storage tank 1 via the suction line 12. At the same time, the purpose of this jet blower is to create a small vacuum to prevent heavy nitrogen (because it is -150 ° C cold) from escaping from below through the dosing hopper 2 and the hammer mill 13. This vacuum must also cancel out the feed effect of the hammer mill 13 ·

The nitrogen sucked upwards bypasses the capsules in the middle and top of the storage tank 1. Thanks to the large outer surface of the capsules, an efficient heat exchange is created, so that nitrogen is removed from the top by approximately 10 ° C.

This countercurrent cooling greatly affects the economical utilization of nitrogen. The removal of evaporated nitrogen also removes any moisture that may have come with the capsules.

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As soon as the desired temperature is reached, it can be determined by the amount of vaporized nitrogen that there is only nitrogen inside the storage tank 1. Then the conditions appear to be approximately as follows: l. The jet fan 21 continuously absorbs the excess nitrogen.

2. The jet fan 19 sucks nitrogen from inside the storage tank 1 and blows the capsules back to the storage tank 1 down the supply line 11. However, fresh air is continuously supplied to the storage tank 1 with the capsules, but it should be noted that it is again removed through the immediately opposite radiation blower 21.

3. The temperature in the fertilization thermometer 17 is approximately -180 ° C, with a minimum filling degree of about -50 ° C, a maximum filling degree of ± 0 ° C. «The supply of cooled capsules to the hammer mill, which is started by the vibrator 18, depends on the following conditions: a) Desired temperature -180 ° C exists.

b) There is a maximum filling level, it is necessary for the nitrogen to be well utilized. When the maximum filling level is exceeded, satisfactory heat exchange is no longer possible.

If the conditions mentioned in a and b exist, the vibrator 18 engages and causes the dosing lever 3 to oscillate. Due to the oscillations, the capsules are shaken through the dosing hopper 2 to an already running hammer mill 13 * This ensures that insufficiently cooled capsules do not enter the hammer mill * Locking of the vibrator 18 also prevents a stationary hammer mill from filling and cannot start again.

The capsules fall into a running hammer mill and are processed from there by a percussion machine and fed through a perforated screen. In this case, the cooled capsules change their shape greatly, whereby the PVC mass, which has become very brittle due to cooling, detaches from the capsules and breaks up into small parts.

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Both enter the sorter 4 over the outflow damper.

The sorter 4, which has a feed screw inside, conveys the capsules axially forward due to the rotation of the drum. Through the perforated outer jacket of the sorter, the PVC particles fall into the collector funnel 6 and are blown from there by means of a jet blower 22 into a waste container (not shown). The capsules fall from the main part of the drum into the receiving funnel 5. A jet fan 21f which sucks the excess nitrogen from the top of the storage tank 1 blows the recovered capsules into the waste tank (not shown).

Claims (1)

A device for separating attached plastic or rubber from metal in bottle caps by embrittlement of at least one component at low temperature and involving reduction, the device consisting of a container for receiving the caps leading to a coolant line, the device being provided at its lower end with an opening further connected , characterized in that a receiving tank (9) with a steel grating (10) and a pneumatic conveying line (11) is connected in front of the tank (1) for conveying the caps to the tank, which tank is connected to the jet fan (19) via a filling level monitor (24), and wherein the thermometer (17) is arranged in the lower opening of the container in contact with the solenoid valve (16) for conducting liquid nitrogen and a vibrator (18) in the lower opening of the container, which is connected to the lower opening of the container. with hopper (2) vibrator l in the form of a locking device with a hammer mill (13) with insufficient cooling of the caps, and characterized by a sorter (4) arranged in connection with the mill (13) and provided with a torn outer jacket with two hopper (5, 6) in communication with the jet fan (5). 21), which sucks from above the top of the storage tank through an additional nitrogen suction line (12) and blows the assembled caps into the waste tank.