CA2138548A1 - Sorting installation - Google Patents
Sorting installationInfo
- Publication number
- CA2138548A1 CA2138548A1 CA002138548A CA2138548A CA2138548A1 CA 2138548 A1 CA2138548 A1 CA 2138548A1 CA 002138548 A CA002138548 A CA 002138548A CA 2138548 A CA2138548 A CA 2138548A CA 2138548 A1 CA2138548 A1 CA 2138548A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- sorting
- conveyor belt
- monofraction
- belt
- installation
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
- B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
- B03B9/061—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse the refuse being industrial
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03B—SEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
- B03B9/00—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
- B03B9/06—General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for refuse
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
- B07B13/00—Grading or sorting solid materials by dry methods, not otherwise provided for; Sorting articles otherwise than by indirectly controlled devices
Landscapes
- Sorting Of Articles (AREA)
- Branching, Merging, And Special Transfer Between Conveyors (AREA)
- Refuse Collection And Transfer (AREA)
- Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Optical Communication System (AREA)
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Seasonings (AREA)
Abstract
Abstract:
A sorting installation for useful products is proposed, which serves in particular to sort out reusable packaging materials. In order to achieve the sorting-out of individual types of packaging with maximum efficiency, the sorting-out of individual monofractions is under-taken, on one or more manual sorting sections, onto a collector conveyor belt which is connected in parallel, the content of which, after sorting-out is complete, is introduced into an associated bunker.
A sorting installation for useful products is proposed, which serves in particular to sort out reusable packaging materials. In order to achieve the sorting-out of individual types of packaging with maximum efficiency, the sorting-out of individual monofractions is under-taken, on one or more manual sorting sections, onto a collector conveyor belt which is connected in parallel, the content of which, after sorting-out is complete, is introduced into an associated bunker.
Description
~ 8 ~ 4 8 flLE. F~l TH~S ~F~
~)~F TFIANSLATION
"Sorting Installation"
The invention relates to a sorting installation in accordance with the preamble of claim 1.
A sorting installation for sorting useful pro-ducts from dry refuse such as paper, glass, cardboard,plastics or the like has been disclosed in US-PS 3 595 389. In this in~tallation, the mixture of useful products to be sorted is passed via conveying ! deviceq to a manual selection belt, where manual sorting workplaces having drop shafts are provided. At these workplaces, the useful products to be sorted are taken manually by the employees from the manual selection belt and placed in drop shafts arranged to the side of the operative. The drop shafts as~igned to a particular useful product fraction then lead to the useful product bunkers situated below, from which the useful products can be disposed of as an individual fraction.
The device according to said US-PS makes provi-sion for different drop shafts to be assigned, in each case, to the operatives standing by the manual selection belt so that the operatives are each required to concen-trate only on certain useful products. In general, however, it i8 envisaged that each operative will be required to sort out a large number of individual useful products from the manual selection station.
, This type of sorting of useful products has the disadvantage that, firstly, a large number of drop shafts have to be present in each operative's section in order to dispose of the large number of useful products aris-ing, such as paper, glass, metal, material, board, plastics, etc. This results in a high space requirement and a high mechanical effort, since the drop shafts have to be guided to corresponding bunkers with complex guide devices.
Furthermore, the sorting of a large number of ~ useful products creates difficulties for the operative -' insofar as a constant process of thought is necessary in order to assign each useful product picked up by hand to ..
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~)~F TFIANSLATION
"Sorting Installation"
The invention relates to a sorting installation in accordance with the preamble of claim 1.
A sorting installation for sorting useful pro-ducts from dry refuse such as paper, glass, cardboard,plastics or the like has been disclosed in US-PS 3 595 389. In this in~tallation, the mixture of useful products to be sorted is passed via conveying ! deviceq to a manual selection belt, where manual sorting workplaces having drop shafts are provided. At these workplaces, the useful products to be sorted are taken manually by the employees from the manual selection belt and placed in drop shafts arranged to the side of the operative. The drop shafts as~igned to a particular useful product fraction then lead to the useful product bunkers situated below, from which the useful products can be disposed of as an individual fraction.
The device according to said US-PS makes provi-sion for different drop shafts to be assigned, in each case, to the operatives standing by the manual selection belt so that the operatives are each required to concen-trate only on certain useful products. In general, however, it i8 envisaged that each operative will be required to sort out a large number of individual useful products from the manual selection station.
, This type of sorting of useful products has the disadvantage that, firstly, a large number of drop shafts have to be present in each operative's section in order to dispose of the large number of useful products aris-ing, such as paper, glass, metal, material, board, plastics, etc. This results in a high space requirement and a high mechanical effort, since the drop shafts have to be guided to corresponding bunkers with complex guide devices.
Furthermore, the sorting of a large number of ~ useful products creates difficulties for the operative -' insofar as a constant process of thought is necessary in order to assign each useful product picked up by hand to ..
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- 2 -a particular drop shaft.
In addition, the arrangement of the drop shafts can in some cases be disadvantageous, that is to say ~' ergonomically unsatisfactory, since each operative has to i 5 service a plurality of drop shafts.
A remedy for this can be provided by a sorting ! system in which each operative sorts out only a single useful product fraction from a useful product mi~ture and passes this to a nearby drop shaft. Such a treatment, is, however, somewhat impracticable with a running manual `,, selection conveyor belt, since the useful product mixture ;, passes the operative too rapidly.
` A further sorting device has been disclosed by EP-0 123 825 A2. In this sorting installation, the useful 15 products to be sorted out are guided on a circular conveying path, beside which are arranged both manual and automatic sorting workplaces with drop shafts. With such a system, the material to be sorted can be kept in a cycle until the individual useful product fractions are 20 sorted out. With this installation, also, the various use~ul products are passed by an operative into various drop shafts.
; The core concept of the sorting-out of useful products is the reuse of the raw materials contained in 25 valuable packaging material. For this purpose, the "Dual System' was established in Germany, guaranteeing that ;~ industry would take back packaging materials of all types. For this purpose, the packaging which are intended ,~ to be passed to a recycling process for reuse are pro-9 30 vided with the so-called ~Green Dot~. This relates to packagings of all types such as glass, tinplate, aluminum, board/cardboard, paper, plastics and laminates.
The objective is to collect on a large scale the~e packaging materials which are produced, to sort them and 35 to return the recovered individual fractions to a recyc-ling process. The problem arising here is that, in the future, huge quantities of packaging material will be ii~ produced in an unsorted state and will have to be treated accordingly.
,"
- X~38~8 The object of the invention is to optimize the known sorting installations with a view to being able to achieve a higher throughput. This applies in particular to manual sorting workplaces.
5This object is achieved, starting from a sorting installation of the type described initially, by the characterizing features of claim 1. Further developments and embodiments of the sorting installation according to the invention are described in the subclaims. The core concept on which the invention is based is that the effectiveness of manual sorting-out is much greater if the operative standing at the sorting workplace sorts out, in each case, only one particular useful product fraction. It is expedient here if a large number of operatives stand by a particular stretch of a manual ~election belt, all of them simultaneously removing a particular useful product fraction from the sorting belt which is, if possible, stationary and passing it to a nearby collection device. The collection device must then be switched so that, during thi~ working interval or working cycle, the collected useful product fraction is passed to a collection bunker which is entirely specific to that fraction. When a particular useful product fraction is sorted out from the sorting belt or manual selection belt within this working cycle, then, in a subsequent working cycle, another useful product frac-tion, again over a particular period for all operatives simultaneously, is passed to the collection device and from there, in turn, to another particular useful product bunker.
In this manner, the consecutive sorting-out of the individual useful products from the manual selection belt can be carried out at very high speed and with very high effectiveness, the collection device being required to receive only one particular useful product fraction in each working cycle and passing thi~ continuously or intermittently to a particular useful product bunker.
From this useful product bunker, the sorted-out fractions are then each brought to a conveyor device from ....
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2138~48 where they are passed, for example, to a baling press.
The collection device assigned to the sorting belt or manual selection belt in order to receive a particular useful product fraction in a particular 5 working cycle can be of widely varied design. In the simplest form, this collection device can be, for example, a conveyor belt connected in parallel to the manual selection belt and serving as an interim store.
This interim store is then charged, in the respective 10 working cycle, with a particular useful product fraction.
In this arrangement the working cycle is generally designed to last until the particular useful product ffraction has been very largely sorted off the manual selection belt. Thereafter, this interim store, for 15 example designed as a conveyor belt, is emptied by the passing of the material to an associated bunker. This can expediently be achieved in that a conveyor belt which can be driven in both directions is located above a large number of bunkers, arranged side by side, and the 20 conveyor belt is arranged to be longitudinally displaceable in both longitudinal directions, in a manner ~uch that one of the two dropping ends is located above the associated useful product bunker.
~It has proven very expedient if an additional ,l25 preliminary storage device i8 assigned to the collection `fdevice, and especially to the collector belt, to receive 3a certain useful product fraction from the operative, on ~fwhich preliminary storage device the useful product u f'fraction which has been sorted out i~ initially placed.
This charging of the preliminary storage device takes place at least over a period such as is required by `ff the actual collection device, that is to say the collec-tor belt, in order to pass the useful product fraction ff resting on it to a particular useful product bunker.
During this period, the operating perso,nnel can ~'f already, in a subsequent working cycle, introduce the new useful product fraction into the preliminary storage device, without any loss of time occurring. When the ~ collection device has been emptied of a particular useful .1, .
'" ' ' ' "
product fraction, the content of the preliminary storage device with the subsequent useful product fraction can be placed on the collector belt.
The preliminary storage device can be designed in a wide variety of ways. In general, the useful product fraction sorted out in each working cycle has to be - received in an interim store in order to bridge the period of emptying of the collection device, that is to ~ay of the collector conveyor belt. If no such time-lag exist~ becau~e of the set-up of the system, it is poss-ible wholly or largely to dispen~e with such a prelimin-ary storage device.
For example, the collection device can also be de~igned as a pneumatic conveyor line to the individual ;15 useful product bunkers, in which case the flow conveyed to the associated useful product bunker must be regulated accordingly. In this case, the preliminary storage device ~'can be designed, for example, as a bucket wheel or drum magazine, in order to a feed a particular useful product `20 fraction to the pneumatic conveyor line at a particular point in time.
If conventional collector conveyor belts are used ~,as the collection device, the preliminary storage device `~can, for example, con~ist of a useful product collector channel, having a deflector flap, which releases the u~eful product fraction at a given time to be fed onto the collector belt.
It is also possible, for example, to provide two collector belts lying side by side which are assigned to a manual selection belt or sorting belt. By means of appropriate deflector flaps, one of these collector belts ~i~qin each case is then charged with a particular useful ;~product fraction, during which the other collector belt undertakes the operation of emptying into the associated uaeful product bunker.
The critical feature is the avoidance of inter-~;vals in which the operating personnel are no longer able to carry out the sorting operation because of the emptying operation of the collection device or of the ~, , . . :,, :.
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collector belt. This has to be avoided with suitable preliminary storage devices, which receive the u~eful ~, product fraction to be sorted out for at least suffici-ently long for the collector belt to be freed again in order to receive a new useful product fraction.
The sorting installation according to the inven-` tion provides, in its basic embodLment, a sorting belt or a manual selection belt to which are assigned a collector belt as a collection device and useful product bunkers which, in turn, correspond to the latter. It is of course also possible for a plurality of sorting belts to beconnected in parallel, each of them having associated collector belts. Various useful product mixtures can then be moved on the parallel sorting belts past the sorting workplaces, upstream sorting devices being responsible for preliminary separation of the packaging material or ; useful products delivered.
Further details of the invention are shown in the drawings. An illustrative embodiment of the invention is explained in detail, with reference to these drawings, in the description which follows, further advantages being i indicated.
~; In the drawings:
Fig. 1 shows a lateral view and Fig. 2 a plan view of a sorting installation according to the invention, in an overall representation, Figs. 3a and 3b show a plan view of three manual selec-tion or sorting belts, connected in parallel, with associated collection devices 2~ and useful product bunkers lying below the J latter, in various working positions, and ~ Figs. 4a-4g show individual representations of the
In addition, the arrangement of the drop shafts can in some cases be disadvantageous, that is to say ~' ergonomically unsatisfactory, since each operative has to i 5 service a plurality of drop shafts.
A remedy for this can be provided by a sorting ! system in which each operative sorts out only a single useful product fraction from a useful product mi~ture and passes this to a nearby drop shaft. Such a treatment, is, however, somewhat impracticable with a running manual `,, selection conveyor belt, since the useful product mixture ;, passes the operative too rapidly.
` A further sorting device has been disclosed by EP-0 123 825 A2. In this sorting installation, the useful 15 products to be sorted out are guided on a circular conveying path, beside which are arranged both manual and automatic sorting workplaces with drop shafts. With such a system, the material to be sorted can be kept in a cycle until the individual useful product fractions are 20 sorted out. With this installation, also, the various use~ul products are passed by an operative into various drop shafts.
; The core concept of the sorting-out of useful products is the reuse of the raw materials contained in 25 valuable packaging material. For this purpose, the "Dual System' was established in Germany, guaranteeing that ;~ industry would take back packaging materials of all types. For this purpose, the packaging which are intended ,~ to be passed to a recycling process for reuse are pro-9 30 vided with the so-called ~Green Dot~. This relates to packagings of all types such as glass, tinplate, aluminum, board/cardboard, paper, plastics and laminates.
The objective is to collect on a large scale the~e packaging materials which are produced, to sort them and 35 to return the recovered individual fractions to a recyc-ling process. The problem arising here is that, in the future, huge quantities of packaging material will be ii~ produced in an unsorted state and will have to be treated accordingly.
,"
- X~38~8 The object of the invention is to optimize the known sorting installations with a view to being able to achieve a higher throughput. This applies in particular to manual sorting workplaces.
5This object is achieved, starting from a sorting installation of the type described initially, by the characterizing features of claim 1. Further developments and embodiments of the sorting installation according to the invention are described in the subclaims. The core concept on which the invention is based is that the effectiveness of manual sorting-out is much greater if the operative standing at the sorting workplace sorts out, in each case, only one particular useful product fraction. It is expedient here if a large number of operatives stand by a particular stretch of a manual ~election belt, all of them simultaneously removing a particular useful product fraction from the sorting belt which is, if possible, stationary and passing it to a nearby collection device. The collection device must then be switched so that, during thi~ working interval or working cycle, the collected useful product fraction is passed to a collection bunker which is entirely specific to that fraction. When a particular useful product fraction is sorted out from the sorting belt or manual selection belt within this working cycle, then, in a subsequent working cycle, another useful product frac-tion, again over a particular period for all operatives simultaneously, is passed to the collection device and from there, in turn, to another particular useful product bunker.
In this manner, the consecutive sorting-out of the individual useful products from the manual selection belt can be carried out at very high speed and with very high effectiveness, the collection device being required to receive only one particular useful product fraction in each working cycle and passing thi~ continuously or intermittently to a particular useful product bunker.
From this useful product bunker, the sorted-out fractions are then each brought to a conveyor device from ....
: -. .~ , '; :
~ : , ~ , . . .
2138~48 where they are passed, for example, to a baling press.
The collection device assigned to the sorting belt or manual selection belt in order to receive a particular useful product fraction in a particular 5 working cycle can be of widely varied design. In the simplest form, this collection device can be, for example, a conveyor belt connected in parallel to the manual selection belt and serving as an interim store.
This interim store is then charged, in the respective 10 working cycle, with a particular useful product fraction.
In this arrangement the working cycle is generally designed to last until the particular useful product ffraction has been very largely sorted off the manual selection belt. Thereafter, this interim store, for 15 example designed as a conveyor belt, is emptied by the passing of the material to an associated bunker. This can expediently be achieved in that a conveyor belt which can be driven in both directions is located above a large number of bunkers, arranged side by side, and the 20 conveyor belt is arranged to be longitudinally displaceable in both longitudinal directions, in a manner ~uch that one of the two dropping ends is located above the associated useful product bunker.
~It has proven very expedient if an additional ,l25 preliminary storage device i8 assigned to the collection `fdevice, and especially to the collector belt, to receive 3a certain useful product fraction from the operative, on ~fwhich preliminary storage device the useful product u f'fraction which has been sorted out i~ initially placed.
This charging of the preliminary storage device takes place at least over a period such as is required by `ff the actual collection device, that is to say the collec-tor belt, in order to pass the useful product fraction ff resting on it to a particular useful product bunker.
During this period, the operating perso,nnel can ~'f already, in a subsequent working cycle, introduce the new useful product fraction into the preliminary storage device, without any loss of time occurring. When the ~ collection device has been emptied of a particular useful .1, .
'" ' ' ' "
product fraction, the content of the preliminary storage device with the subsequent useful product fraction can be placed on the collector belt.
The preliminary storage device can be designed in a wide variety of ways. In general, the useful product fraction sorted out in each working cycle has to be - received in an interim store in order to bridge the period of emptying of the collection device, that is to ~ay of the collector conveyor belt. If no such time-lag exist~ becau~e of the set-up of the system, it is poss-ible wholly or largely to dispen~e with such a prelimin-ary storage device.
For example, the collection device can also be de~igned as a pneumatic conveyor line to the individual ;15 useful product bunkers, in which case the flow conveyed to the associated useful product bunker must be regulated accordingly. In this case, the preliminary storage device ~'can be designed, for example, as a bucket wheel or drum magazine, in order to a feed a particular useful product `20 fraction to the pneumatic conveyor line at a particular point in time.
If conventional collector conveyor belts are used ~,as the collection device, the preliminary storage device `~can, for example, con~ist of a useful product collector channel, having a deflector flap, which releases the u~eful product fraction at a given time to be fed onto the collector belt.
It is also possible, for example, to provide two collector belts lying side by side which are assigned to a manual selection belt or sorting belt. By means of appropriate deflector flaps, one of these collector belts ~i~qin each case is then charged with a particular useful ;~product fraction, during which the other collector belt undertakes the operation of emptying into the associated uaeful product bunker.
The critical feature is the avoidance of inter-~;vals in which the operating personnel are no longer able to carry out the sorting operation because of the emptying operation of the collection device or of the ~, , . . :,, :.
~ . . -~ ' -'.' , ' ~-, .,' . .
2:~8~
collector belt. This has to be avoided with suitable preliminary storage devices, which receive the u~eful ~, product fraction to be sorted out for at least suffici-ently long for the collector belt to be freed again in order to receive a new useful product fraction.
The sorting installation according to the inven-` tion provides, in its basic embodLment, a sorting belt or a manual selection belt to which are assigned a collector belt as a collection device and useful product bunkers which, in turn, correspond to the latter. It is of course also possible for a plurality of sorting belts to beconnected in parallel, each of them having associated collector belts. Various useful product mixtures can then be moved on the parallel sorting belts past the sorting workplaces, upstream sorting devices being responsible for preliminary separation of the packaging material or ; useful products delivered.
Further details of the invention are shown in the drawings. An illustrative embodiment of the invention is explained in detail, with reference to these drawings, in the description which follows, further advantages being i indicated.
~; In the drawings:
Fig. 1 shows a lateral view and Fig. 2 a plan view of a sorting installation according to the invention, in an overall representation, Figs. 3a and 3b show a plan view of three manual selec-tion or sorting belts, connected in parallel, with associated collection devices 2~ and useful product bunkers lying below the J latter, in various working positions, and ~ Figs. 4a-4g show individual representations of the
3 arrangement between sorting belt and collec-; 35 tor belt, with a preliminary storage or interim storage device, which may or may not ~ be present, lying between them.
id Description of an illustrative embodiment:
f The illustrative embodiment which follows is .,, :
, , .
~ . 2~38~48 . .
de~cribed with reference to a sorting operation for a useful product mixture such as can be used, for example, in the ~Dual System" to dispose of packaging material bearing the "Green Dot". The packaging occurring here may consist of glass, tin plate, aluminum, board/cardboard, paper, plastic, laminate3 or the like.
j Fig. 1 shows a lateral view and Fig. 2 a plan view of the sorting installation 1 with various sorting sections. ~he bags which are delivered containing the ~10 mixture of useful packaging product are introduced into ;a bunker conveyor 2 which is only shown diagrammatically, and fed to a bag opening system 3. In the bag opening system 3, the bags are opened and completely emptied. The loose useful product material is transported onwards by a conveyor belt 4. This conveyor belt thins out the material, and the ferrous materials are lifted out from the flow of material by an FE separator 5. The material mixture, freed of ferrous materials, is then placed on a downstream screening machine 6 and divided into three ~,20 part-streams, these being a residual fraction 7, a middle fraction 8 and an overflow fraction 9. These useful product streams are shown by corre~ponding arrow~ in Fig. 2. The fundamental structure of the screening machine 6 is described in the applicant's EP 0 168 495 Bl. Reference is hereby expressly made to ~', this printed publication.
; The residual fraction 7 can be withdrawn from the ~Ij material mixture in the first region of the screening machine 6. It passes over the conveyor belt 10 to a residue bunker 11.
The middle fraction 8 is discharged onto the conveyor belt 12 via the screening machine 6. Similarly, the overflow fraction 9 is discharged onto the conveyor ,! belt 13.
The conveyor belt 12 passes the middle fraction 8 onto a downstream inclined sorting machine 14. The structural form of such an inclined sorting machine 14 is described in the applicant~s EP-PS 0 123 825. Reference is also hereby expressly made to this printed publication.
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~.t :~ ' ' ': ' 8 ~ 4 8 The material mixture 8 passed onto the inclined sorting machine 14 is separated, because of the struc-tural form of the inclined sorting machine 14, into "flat" and "rolling" constituents. The "flat" mixed fraction 15 is transported via a conveyor belt 16 to an NF separator 17. Aluminum-containing materials are separated out here and re-sorted on the downstream con-veyor belt 18. One drop shaft 19 receives aluminum and another drop shaft 20 receives additional aluminum laminates. The residue passes via a drop shaft 21 to a further residue bunker.
The flat mixed fraction 15 treated by the NF
separator 17 passes as a flat mixed fraction 22 onto a conveyor belt 23 which leads to a first manual sorting section 24 or to the first sorting belt 24.
~ The "rolling~ fraction 25 from the inclined Y sorting machine 14 is transported via a conveyor belt 2~
to a second manual sorting section or sorting conveyor belt 27.
20The overflow fraction 9 of the screening machine 6 passes via the conveyor belt 13 to a third manual sorting section 28 or to a third sorting conveyor belt .~ ,.
,~ ~0.
In Figs. 3a and 3b, the sorting section of the sorting installation with these three manual sorting sections 24, 27, 28 iæ again shown diagrammatically and enlargedO Beside these three manual selection sections or manual selection conveyor belts 24, 27, 28 there stand, depending on the length of this section, a large number of operatives who undertake manual sorting of the incoming mixed fractions 22, 25, 9. This is further described below.
i For all manual sorting sections 24, 25, 28, the possibility fundamentally exists of dropping the material to be sorted out directly, via variable drop shafts, into boxes lying below. Such a drop shaft 29, which is option-ally present, can for example be arranged at any desired point of any manual sorting section 24, 27, 28 and be ; connected to a conveyor belt 30 lying below the latter.
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~:'5 ~ : ' ~138548 This is diagrammatically shown in Fig. 2.
The essential sorting task, however, is performed by means of the collector conveyor belts 31 to 33, assigned to each of the manual sorting sections 24, 27, 5 28 and lying next to the respective manual sorting sections. These belts 31 to 33 may also, for reasons of space, lie below the sorting belts 24, 27, 28, in which case suitable baffle plates are to be provided- These collector conveyor belts 31 to 33 serve to receive a very , 10 specific individual fraction, which is sorted out by the operatives from the respective manual sorting section during a particular working cycle. The starting position ; for such sorting is shown in Fig. 3a. For example, five ! to ten people stand by the sorting belt or the manual 15 sorting section 24 and sort out, from the flat mixed ~`i fraction 22 arriving from the conveyor belt 23, the packaging material consisting of flat board or cardboard, throwing this onto the collector conveyor belt 31. This ~l operation i8 also shown in Fig. 4a, taking the example of 20 a single user 34. In this case, it is to be noted that a large number of users 34 undertake the same working operation, that is to say they remove, in the respective 3 working cycle, only a single fraction from the mixed fraction 22 during a working cycle, for example flat 25 cardboard or board as a monofraction 35. Consequently, there is exclusively a single monofraction 35 to be found on the nearby collector conveyor belt 33. In this arrangement, this working process is carried out batchwise, that is to say that the manual sorting section 30 24 and the collector belt 31 are stationary during the , given working cycle.
Similarly, for example, 5 to 10 operatives 34 stand by the second manual sorting section 27, select a single monofraction 36, for example plastic cups ~yoghurt 35 CUp8), from the rolling mixed fraction 25 arriving from the conveyor belt 26, and throw this monofraction onto the assigned collector conveyor belt 32. Finally, another 5 to 10 operatives 34 likewise stand by the third manual sorting section 28, select, from the stationary sorting .~ . . ~ , s .~ .. ~ , .
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belt 28, a further monofraction 37 from the overflow fraction 9 coming from the conveyor belt 13 and throw it onto the stationary collector conveyor belt 33. This monofraction 37 can, for example, relate to mixed plastics.
ThP length of the working cycle of these indi-vidual sorting operations at the three manual sorting sections 24, 27, 28 is designed to be sufficiently long for it to be possible, substantially, to remove from the respective sorting belt all the monofractions which are to be sorted out. This means that the consecutive working cycles can also be of varying lengths, in order thus to be correctly adapted to the respective monofractions to be sorted in terms of the volume thereof that occurs. The current working cycle can be displayed for the operating personnel on an optical display.
I Below the manual sorting sections 24, 27, 28, ¦ there are, according to the illustrative em~odiment, seven bunkers which are designated in the illustrative embodiment 101 to 107. In this arrangement, the bunker 101 contains mixed plastics, the bunker 102 board/
~ cardboard, the bunker 103 cups, the bunker 104 foils, the j bunker 105 beverage cartons, the bunker 106 foams and the bunker 107 aluminum and Al laminates. A drop shaft 38 is assigned to each individual bunker, as shown in Figures 3a and 3b.
The dropping operation into these drop shafts 38, forming part of the sorting-out described above, is shown in Fig. 3b. For this purpose, the collector conveyor belts 31 to 33 are displaceable in both directions in their axial longitudinal direction and can be reversed in their conveying direction.
For example, the collector conveyor belt 31 must - if necessary - be moved, with the monofraction 35 (board/cardboard) placed on it, with its drop region 39 to the drop shaft 38 of the associated bunker 102 and provided with a correspondingly leftward oriented con-veyor belt drive 40. As shown in Fig. 3b, the mono-fraction 35 then falls into the drop shaft 38 of the - - . , ~ .
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bunker 102 intended for board/cardboard.
Similarly, the monofraction 36, for example CUp8, placed on the collector conveyor belt 32 is introduced by a longitudinal displacement of the collector conveyor , 5belt 32 into the bunker 103. As can be seen from Fig. 3b, -1 the collector conveyor belt 32 nas shifted to the right for this purpose, so that the drop region 39 comes to rest above the collection bunker 103 for this mono-fraction.
10Finally, the monofraction 37 (eg. mixed plastics) discharged from the mixed fraction g is also introduced by the collector conveyor belt 33 into the bunker 101, the collector conveyor belt 33 adopting the left-hand end position shown in Fig. 3b in order to position the drop 15region 39 above the drop shaft 38 of the bunker 101.
The same operation takes place on each occasion with the further individual fractions or monofractions to l be sorted out, which are to be introduced into the `; remaining bunkers 104 to 107. In this proceRs, however, according to the illustration in Fig. 2, the middle t~ bunker 104, for example for receiving foils/ can be filled by charging it via the drop shafts 29, a conveyor 9l belt 30 being able to transport this fraction away separately.
25During the sorting-out of the monofractions from the manual sorting belts 24, 27, 28, these belts are cu~tomarily stationary. However, a customary advance may also take place.
! An alternative application, according to the illustration in Fig. 2, provides for the sorting belts 24, 27, 28 to have a separation point 41 in the region of the last collection bunker 101, in order to permit the ~J dropping of the residual fraction from these sorting '9 belts 24, 27, 28 into, for example, the bunker 101. This 35is shown in Fiq. 2 for the sorting belts 24, 27 with an aperture at the separation point 41, so that the residual mixture remaining on these belts falls into the bunker 101. The upper third sorting section 28 shown in Fig. 2 has a closed separation point 41, so that the residual ~-~, : : . :
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- 21~8~8 fraction remaining on this belt is guided to a downstream conveyor belt 42. Naturally, the separation points 41 of 3 the sorting sections 24, 27 can also be closed, so that the belt section which follows likewise runs out on the ~ 5 conveyor belt 42 or other belts.
3 The collection bunkers 101 to 107 have a width i and height which make it possible for a motor vehicle to be driven into these bunkers and to push the respectively collected monoproduct onto a downstream conveyor belt 43.
10 The respective monofraction is passed by this conveyor belt 43 to a baling press which is not shown in detail.
A working cycle on the respective manual sorting sections 24, 27, 28 comprises picking up a monofraction and dropping it onto a collector conveyor belt 31 to 33 Uj 15 connected in parallel. This collector conveyor belt then q has to be emptied during this working stroke, one of the two ends being moved with its drop region above the respectively assigned bunker. When this position is ~ reached, the conveyor belt drive 40 must be switched on ,.3 20 and the entire collector conveyor belt emptied. During this period, no new fraction can be brought from the 3 re~pective manual sorting sections onto the respective ~! colîector conveyor belts. Therefore, provision is made, according to the illustrations in Figs. 4b to 4g, for a `I 25 preliminary storage unit 46 to ensure that this period for the emptying of the collector conveyor belts 31 to 33 does not pass unutilized.
The initial position of the sorting operation is shown in Fig. 4a. This corresponds to the mode of oper-30 ation described earlier.
In Fig. 4b, the collector conveyor belt 31 to 33 is associated with a collector conveyor belt 31' to 33', , arranged parallel to it, in a manner such that the operative 34 can in each case charge one of the collector 35 conveyor belts with a monofraction while the other collector conveyor belt is being emptied into the respective bunker. In order to reach the respectively empty collector conveyor belt, the embodiment according to Fig. 4b has a deflector flap 44, which extends over ~ . -:
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sequence while the left-hand collector conveyor belt i8 , being emptied into the respectively assigned bunker. As '! a re~ult, no idle times arise for the operatives.
The two collector conveyor belts can also be ~- arranged one above the other as indicated in Fig. 4a, the ~ 15 upper belt 31, 32, 33 being stationary and the lower belt ;~ 31', 32', 33~ being longitudinally displaceable. As a result, the upper belt 31, 32, 33 can be emptied onto the lower belt 31~, 32~, 33~. ~his saves the time taken by the lower belt 31~, 32~, 33~ to move to the associated bunker.
i According to the illustration in Fig. 4c, only one collector conveyor belt 31 to 33 is again present. In this case, the monofraction 35 to 37 is introduced into ~' a preliminary storage unit 46, which is designed as a star conveyor 47 in a corresponding housing 48, according to the illustrative embodiment in Fig. 4c. The mono-fraction 35 to 37 sorted into a chamber 49 of the star Ss conveyor 47 i8 held in this position at least until the i collector conveyor belt 31 to 33 is emptied of the -- 30 preceding monofraction and is returned into the working position. The preliminary storage unit 46 in Fig. 4c is designed similarly to a bucket-wheel sluice with a horizontal axis of rotation 50, it being possible for the individual chambers to be charged with the respective monofraction. For example, the operative 34 can, option-ally, also charge a second chamber (upper chamber 51) with another fraction if this is necessary.
Figures 4d, 4e likewise show a preliminary storage unit 46 in the form of a three-vane star conveyor . ~ ~
2~L38~48 q 52, which is fixed in a housing 48 resembling a bucket-wheel sluice. In this arrangement, the star conveyor 52 is arranged in a Y shape in the charging position, with an upper V-shaped charging chamber 49 for the monofraction 35 to 37. When the lower collector conveyor q belt 31 to 33 (Fig. 4d) is emptied, the star conveyor can already be brought slowly into a droppinq position for the loaded monofraction.
In Fig. 4e, a pneumatic line 53 is provided instead of the collector conveyor belt 31 to 33, and passes the monofraction introduced in o the line to the associated bunker 101 to 107. In this case, the prelimin-j ary storage unit 46 with the star conveyor 52 serves as ; bucket-wheel sluice to seal the lower pneumatic line 53, which is subjected to the action of préssure, against the environment.
The star conveyor 52 is therefore sealingly mounted in the bucket-wheel housing 48.
Fig. 4f shows a further alternative embodiment of q 20 a preliminary storage unit 46. In contrast to the illus-tration in Figs. 4c to 4e, a preliminary storage unit 46 with a vertical axis of rotation 50 is provided in the illustrative embodiment according to 4f, four individual chambers 49, for example, being provided according to the ~i 25 lower illustration in Fig. 4f, into which the respective monofraction is introduced. In the illustrative embodi-ment, the individual chambers 49 are of cylindrical design, three chambers being closed at their bottom surfaces and the fourth chamber 49' being open toward the bottom in order to pass the monofraction introduced into the chambers on to the collector conveyor belt 31 to 33.
The preliminary storage unit 46 is, accordingly, designed similarly to a turret with individual drums. It ` can, however, also be designed similarly to a bucket-3 35 wheel sluice with V-shaped individual chambers, only one ;~ chamber in each case being open toward the bottom and the collector conveyor belt. Instead of the collector con-veyor belt 31 to 33, the embodiment according to Fig. 4f can, of course, also have a pneumatic line as is shown in ~1~8~8 Fig. 4e.
The illustration of the embodiment according to ~ Fig. 4g initially corresponds to the embodiment according ; to Fig. 4a, with a manual sorting section 24, 27, 28, designed as a conveyor belt, from which the operative 34 ~' processes, for example, a mixed fraction 15, 22, 25 and sorts out from it, in each case, a monofractio~ 35, 36, 37 onto the collector conveyor belt 31, 32, 33 situated J below. This ~normal~ case is described in Fig. 4a.
'3~ 1 0 In practice, it has proven that the mixed frac-tion 15, 22, 25, etc., is obtained on the manual sorting fi ~ection 24, 27, 28 in widely varying amounts. For example, so-called hollow bodies and CUp5 occur in much higher proportions than is the case for, for example, beverage cartona, aluminum and other products.
The embodiment according to Fig. 4g, then, envisages that each operative 34 is assigned a number "n"
of buffer boxes 108 to 110 or storage boxes in the immediate area of operation, of length "a", into which monofractions occurring to a lesser extent or in lesser quantity are sorted for interim storage. As can be seen ~1 from Fig. 4g, upper picture and lower picture, three buffer boxes 108 to 110 lie, for example, immediately in front of the operative 34 and somewhat above the manual sorting section 24, 27, 28, so that the operative can very easily place an individual fraction into one of these buffer boxes. For example, the buffer box 108 takes beverage cartons 1~5, the buffer box 109 aluminum pro-ducts 107, and the buffer box 110 other residues 111. The 30 installation according to the invention can, then, be controlled so that the collector conveyor belt 31 to 33 is charged, consecutively over time, with a respective monofraction which occurs in relatively large quantities on the manual sorting section. For example, initially 35 only hollow-body fractions are thrown onto the collector conveyor belt 31 to 33, and these are cleared off the collector conveyor belt after a certain processing time.
During this clearance period or belt emptying period of athe collector -conveyor belt 31 to 33, the operative 34 213~Sg8 can easily place one or more of the monofractions 105, ~Ij 107, 111 which occur to a lesser extent into the hl individual buffer boxes 108 to 110 and, in this manner, make profitable use of the emptying period of the ~ 5 collector conveyor belt. After this operation, for i example, the second monofraction which occurs to a large ~ extent, for example cups, can likewise be placed on the i collector conveyor belt 31 to 33, and the subsequent j emptying period of the collector conveyor belt is again 10 used to charge the buffer boxes 108 to 110. This sorting operation of the buffer boxes, too, can, in each period of time, take place always into one of the boxes only, or simultaneously into a plurality of boxes. The operative can, consequently, charge only the buffer box 108 with the fraction 105 (for example, beverage cartons) in the -` belt emptying interval.
In Fig. 4g, upper picture, the emptying, for example, of the tilted buffer box 108 is shown in broken lines, the fraction 105 being tipped laterally out of ~, 20 this buffer box and falling onto the collector belt 31 to 33. During this phase and the belt emptying phase, the operative 34 can of course charge one of the other two buffer boxes 109, 110 with the monofraction 107, 111. The buffer boxes 108 to 110 can, consequently, be emptied in a particular working rhythm. Only after a plurality of ~ cycles of monofractions occurring to a large extent have ;~^ been processed and disposed of can one individual buffer box in each case, which has now become full, be tilted for interim disposal and conveyed onto the conveyor belt 31 to 33. As a result of this measure, optimum utiliz~
ation of the emptying periods of the collector conveyor belts 31 to 33 is possible.
~ The invention is not restricted to the illustra-;~ tive embodiment which has been illustrated and described, i 35 but also encompasses all technical further developments within the scope of the concept of the invention. In ~i particular, a further advantage of the installation according to the invention lies in the fact that the air conditioning and thermal economy can be decisively ::~
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~a8~48 improved. As a result of the fact that only a few sorting cabin apertures are necessary, because of the inward and outward movement of the various material flows, the quantities of air required for dust removal, disinfection 5 and air conditioning can be significantly reduced as compared with conventional solutions using the drop ~ shaft. The air/volume ratio corresponds to the ratio of r the free apertures.
With thermal outputs of, for example, 13.6 Wh/m3 10 of incoming air and a temperature difference of s 38 degrees (- 20 degrees outside temperature to +18 degrees sorting cabin temperature), the reduction in the volume of air i8 related in a linear manner both to the reduction of thermal output and to the reduction of the 15 air output.
A further advantage of the installation lies in the fact that the latter can be adapted to virtually any desired sorting task by means of an appropriate control unit. The ~orting cycles for each conveyor belt, and 20 hence for each fraction, can be influenced by a "belt foreman" posted at the start of the conveyor belt, using a foot or knee switch.
~; The total cycle time, in other words the pro-grammed idle time for the sorting-out of 1, 2 or more 25 fractions, can be set or influenced by the machine minder.
For new cor.trol systems, provision is made for the basic functions for the operation of the installation to be set to a plurality of typical packaging mixtures 30 via a keyboard or similar operating elements. In this case, the installation can also be switched over to continuous operation.
In a further embodiment of the invention, it is also possible for a longitudinal division of the sorting belt 24, 27, 28 to be provided. In this case, provision is made for the sorting belt to be divided longitudinally into 2 or more chambers by an undulating edge or the like, for the purpose of interim storage and, if appro-` priate, onward transportation of low-volume fractions, .
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1 Sorting installation 32 Collector conveyor belt with sorting section 33 Collector conveyor belt 2 Bunker conveyor 34 Operative -,3 Bag opening ~ystem User ;~5 4 Conveyor belt 35 Monofraction -,5 FE separator 36 Monofraction ;6 Screening machine 37 Monofraction ,7 Residual fraction 38 Drop shaft 8 Middle fraction 39 Drop region 10 9 Overflow fraction 40 Conveyor belt drive 310 Conveyor belt 41 Separation point '.11 Residue bunker 42 Conveyor belt 12 Conveyor belt 43 Conveyor belt 13 Conveyor belt 44 Deflector flap 15 14 Inclined sorting 45 Arrow i.' machine 46 Preliminary storage 15 Flat mixed fraction unit 16 Conveyor belt 47 Star conveyor 17 NF separator 48 Housing ~'20 18 Conveyor belt 49 Chamber 19 Drop shaft 50 Axis of rotation 20 Drop shaft 51 Chamber 21 Drop shaft 52 Star conveyor 22 Flat mixed fraction 53 Pneumatic line :~
23 Conveyor belt101 Mixed plastics ~3 24 First manual sorting 102 Board/cardboard ~- section/sorting belt 103 Cups ::
25 Rolling mixed frac- 104 Foils ~i tion 105 Beverage cartons 26 Conveyor belt 106 Foams 27 Second manual sorting 107 Al laminates . section/sorting belt 108 Buffer boxes ~:
28 Third manual sorting 109 Buffer boxes section/sorting belt 110 Buffer boxes 29 Drop shaft111 Other residues :~
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id Description of an illustrative embodiment:
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de~cribed with reference to a sorting operation for a useful product mixture such as can be used, for example, in the ~Dual System" to dispose of packaging material bearing the "Green Dot". The packaging occurring here may consist of glass, tin plate, aluminum, board/cardboard, paper, plastic, laminate3 or the like.
j Fig. 1 shows a lateral view and Fig. 2 a plan view of the sorting installation 1 with various sorting sections. ~he bags which are delivered containing the ~10 mixture of useful packaging product are introduced into ;a bunker conveyor 2 which is only shown diagrammatically, and fed to a bag opening system 3. In the bag opening system 3, the bags are opened and completely emptied. The loose useful product material is transported onwards by a conveyor belt 4. This conveyor belt thins out the material, and the ferrous materials are lifted out from the flow of material by an FE separator 5. The material mixture, freed of ferrous materials, is then placed on a downstream screening machine 6 and divided into three ~,20 part-streams, these being a residual fraction 7, a middle fraction 8 and an overflow fraction 9. These useful product streams are shown by corre~ponding arrow~ in Fig. 2. The fundamental structure of the screening machine 6 is described in the applicant's EP 0 168 495 Bl. Reference is hereby expressly made to ~', this printed publication.
; The residual fraction 7 can be withdrawn from the ~Ij material mixture in the first region of the screening machine 6. It passes over the conveyor belt 10 to a residue bunker 11.
The middle fraction 8 is discharged onto the conveyor belt 12 via the screening machine 6. Similarly, the overflow fraction 9 is discharged onto the conveyor ,! belt 13.
The conveyor belt 12 passes the middle fraction 8 onto a downstream inclined sorting machine 14. The structural form of such an inclined sorting machine 14 is described in the applicant~s EP-PS 0 123 825. Reference is also hereby expressly made to this printed publication.
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~.t :~ ' ' ': ' 8 ~ 4 8 The material mixture 8 passed onto the inclined sorting machine 14 is separated, because of the struc-tural form of the inclined sorting machine 14, into "flat" and "rolling" constituents. The "flat" mixed fraction 15 is transported via a conveyor belt 16 to an NF separator 17. Aluminum-containing materials are separated out here and re-sorted on the downstream con-veyor belt 18. One drop shaft 19 receives aluminum and another drop shaft 20 receives additional aluminum laminates. The residue passes via a drop shaft 21 to a further residue bunker.
The flat mixed fraction 15 treated by the NF
separator 17 passes as a flat mixed fraction 22 onto a conveyor belt 23 which leads to a first manual sorting section 24 or to the first sorting belt 24.
~ The "rolling~ fraction 25 from the inclined Y sorting machine 14 is transported via a conveyor belt 2~
to a second manual sorting section or sorting conveyor belt 27.
20The overflow fraction 9 of the screening machine 6 passes via the conveyor belt 13 to a third manual sorting section 28 or to a third sorting conveyor belt .~ ,.
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In Figs. 3a and 3b, the sorting section of the sorting installation with these three manual sorting sections 24, 27, 28 iæ again shown diagrammatically and enlargedO Beside these three manual selection sections or manual selection conveyor belts 24, 27, 28 there stand, depending on the length of this section, a large number of operatives who undertake manual sorting of the incoming mixed fractions 22, 25, 9. This is further described below.
i For all manual sorting sections 24, 25, 28, the possibility fundamentally exists of dropping the material to be sorted out directly, via variable drop shafts, into boxes lying below. Such a drop shaft 29, which is option-ally present, can for example be arranged at any desired point of any manual sorting section 24, 27, 28 and be ; connected to a conveyor belt 30 lying below the latter.
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The essential sorting task, however, is performed by means of the collector conveyor belts 31 to 33, assigned to each of the manual sorting sections 24, 27, 5 28 and lying next to the respective manual sorting sections. These belts 31 to 33 may also, for reasons of space, lie below the sorting belts 24, 27, 28, in which case suitable baffle plates are to be provided- These collector conveyor belts 31 to 33 serve to receive a very , 10 specific individual fraction, which is sorted out by the operatives from the respective manual sorting section during a particular working cycle. The starting position ; for such sorting is shown in Fig. 3a. For example, five ! to ten people stand by the sorting belt or the manual 15 sorting section 24 and sort out, from the flat mixed ~`i fraction 22 arriving from the conveyor belt 23, the packaging material consisting of flat board or cardboard, throwing this onto the collector conveyor belt 31. This ~l operation i8 also shown in Fig. 4a, taking the example of 20 a single user 34. In this case, it is to be noted that a large number of users 34 undertake the same working operation, that is to say they remove, in the respective 3 working cycle, only a single fraction from the mixed fraction 22 during a working cycle, for example flat 25 cardboard or board as a monofraction 35. Consequently, there is exclusively a single monofraction 35 to be found on the nearby collector conveyor belt 33. In this arrangement, this working process is carried out batchwise, that is to say that the manual sorting section 30 24 and the collector belt 31 are stationary during the , given working cycle.
Similarly, for example, 5 to 10 operatives 34 stand by the second manual sorting section 27, select a single monofraction 36, for example plastic cups ~yoghurt 35 CUp8), from the rolling mixed fraction 25 arriving from the conveyor belt 26, and throw this monofraction onto the assigned collector conveyor belt 32. Finally, another 5 to 10 operatives 34 likewise stand by the third manual sorting section 28, select, from the stationary sorting .~ . . ~ , s .~ .. ~ , .
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belt 28, a further monofraction 37 from the overflow fraction 9 coming from the conveyor belt 13 and throw it onto the stationary collector conveyor belt 33. This monofraction 37 can, for example, relate to mixed plastics.
ThP length of the working cycle of these indi-vidual sorting operations at the three manual sorting sections 24, 27, 28 is designed to be sufficiently long for it to be possible, substantially, to remove from the respective sorting belt all the monofractions which are to be sorted out. This means that the consecutive working cycles can also be of varying lengths, in order thus to be correctly adapted to the respective monofractions to be sorted in terms of the volume thereof that occurs. The current working cycle can be displayed for the operating personnel on an optical display.
I Below the manual sorting sections 24, 27, 28, ¦ there are, according to the illustrative em~odiment, seven bunkers which are designated in the illustrative embodiment 101 to 107. In this arrangement, the bunker 101 contains mixed plastics, the bunker 102 board/
~ cardboard, the bunker 103 cups, the bunker 104 foils, the j bunker 105 beverage cartons, the bunker 106 foams and the bunker 107 aluminum and Al laminates. A drop shaft 38 is assigned to each individual bunker, as shown in Figures 3a and 3b.
The dropping operation into these drop shafts 38, forming part of the sorting-out described above, is shown in Fig. 3b. For this purpose, the collector conveyor belts 31 to 33 are displaceable in both directions in their axial longitudinal direction and can be reversed in their conveying direction.
For example, the collector conveyor belt 31 must - if necessary - be moved, with the monofraction 35 (board/cardboard) placed on it, with its drop region 39 to the drop shaft 38 of the associated bunker 102 and provided with a correspondingly leftward oriented con-veyor belt drive 40. As shown in Fig. 3b, the mono-fraction 35 then falls into the drop shaft 38 of the - - . , ~ .
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bunker 102 intended for board/cardboard.
Similarly, the monofraction 36, for example CUp8, placed on the collector conveyor belt 32 is introduced by a longitudinal displacement of the collector conveyor , 5belt 32 into the bunker 103. As can be seen from Fig. 3b, -1 the collector conveyor belt 32 nas shifted to the right for this purpose, so that the drop region 39 comes to rest above the collection bunker 103 for this mono-fraction.
10Finally, the monofraction 37 (eg. mixed plastics) discharged from the mixed fraction g is also introduced by the collector conveyor belt 33 into the bunker 101, the collector conveyor belt 33 adopting the left-hand end position shown in Fig. 3b in order to position the drop 15region 39 above the drop shaft 38 of the bunker 101.
The same operation takes place on each occasion with the further individual fractions or monofractions to l be sorted out, which are to be introduced into the `; remaining bunkers 104 to 107. In this proceRs, however, according to the illustration in Fig. 2, the middle t~ bunker 104, for example for receiving foils/ can be filled by charging it via the drop shafts 29, a conveyor 9l belt 30 being able to transport this fraction away separately.
25During the sorting-out of the monofractions from the manual sorting belts 24, 27, 28, these belts are cu~tomarily stationary. However, a customary advance may also take place.
! An alternative application, according to the illustration in Fig. 2, provides for the sorting belts 24, 27, 28 to have a separation point 41 in the region of the last collection bunker 101, in order to permit the ~J dropping of the residual fraction from these sorting '9 belts 24, 27, 28 into, for example, the bunker 101. This 35is shown in Fiq. 2 for the sorting belts 24, 27 with an aperture at the separation point 41, so that the residual mixture remaining on these belts falls into the bunker 101. The upper third sorting section 28 shown in Fig. 2 has a closed separation point 41, so that the residual ~-~, : : . :
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- 21~8~8 fraction remaining on this belt is guided to a downstream conveyor belt 42. Naturally, the separation points 41 of 3 the sorting sections 24, 27 can also be closed, so that the belt section which follows likewise runs out on the ~ 5 conveyor belt 42 or other belts.
3 The collection bunkers 101 to 107 have a width i and height which make it possible for a motor vehicle to be driven into these bunkers and to push the respectively collected monoproduct onto a downstream conveyor belt 43.
10 The respective monofraction is passed by this conveyor belt 43 to a baling press which is not shown in detail.
A working cycle on the respective manual sorting sections 24, 27, 28 comprises picking up a monofraction and dropping it onto a collector conveyor belt 31 to 33 Uj 15 connected in parallel. This collector conveyor belt then q has to be emptied during this working stroke, one of the two ends being moved with its drop region above the respectively assigned bunker. When this position is ~ reached, the conveyor belt drive 40 must be switched on ,.3 20 and the entire collector conveyor belt emptied. During this period, no new fraction can be brought from the 3 re~pective manual sorting sections onto the respective ~! colîector conveyor belts. Therefore, provision is made, according to the illustrations in Figs. 4b to 4g, for a `I 25 preliminary storage unit 46 to ensure that this period for the emptying of the collector conveyor belts 31 to 33 does not pass unutilized.
The initial position of the sorting operation is shown in Fig. 4a. This corresponds to the mode of oper-30 ation described earlier.
In Fig. 4b, the collector conveyor belt 31 to 33 is associated with a collector conveyor belt 31' to 33', , arranged parallel to it, in a manner such that the operative 34 can in each case charge one of the collector 35 conveyor belts with a monofraction while the other collector conveyor belt is being emptied into the respective bunker. In order to reach the respectively empty collector conveyor belt, the embodiment according to Fig. 4b has a deflector flap 44, which extends over ~ . -:
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sequence while the left-hand collector conveyor belt i8 , being emptied into the respectively assigned bunker. As '! a re~ult, no idle times arise for the operatives.
The two collector conveyor belts can also be ~- arranged one above the other as indicated in Fig. 4a, the ~ 15 upper belt 31, 32, 33 being stationary and the lower belt ;~ 31', 32', 33~ being longitudinally displaceable. As a result, the upper belt 31, 32, 33 can be emptied onto the lower belt 31~, 32~, 33~. ~his saves the time taken by the lower belt 31~, 32~, 33~ to move to the associated bunker.
i According to the illustration in Fig. 4c, only one collector conveyor belt 31 to 33 is again present. In this case, the monofraction 35 to 37 is introduced into ~' a preliminary storage unit 46, which is designed as a star conveyor 47 in a corresponding housing 48, according to the illustrative embodiment in Fig. 4c. The mono-fraction 35 to 37 sorted into a chamber 49 of the star Ss conveyor 47 i8 held in this position at least until the i collector conveyor belt 31 to 33 is emptied of the -- 30 preceding monofraction and is returned into the working position. The preliminary storage unit 46 in Fig. 4c is designed similarly to a bucket-wheel sluice with a horizontal axis of rotation 50, it being possible for the individual chambers to be charged with the respective monofraction. For example, the operative 34 can, option-ally, also charge a second chamber (upper chamber 51) with another fraction if this is necessary.
Figures 4d, 4e likewise show a preliminary storage unit 46 in the form of a three-vane star conveyor . ~ ~
2~L38~48 q 52, which is fixed in a housing 48 resembling a bucket-wheel sluice. In this arrangement, the star conveyor 52 is arranged in a Y shape in the charging position, with an upper V-shaped charging chamber 49 for the monofraction 35 to 37. When the lower collector conveyor q belt 31 to 33 (Fig. 4d) is emptied, the star conveyor can already be brought slowly into a droppinq position for the loaded monofraction.
In Fig. 4e, a pneumatic line 53 is provided instead of the collector conveyor belt 31 to 33, and passes the monofraction introduced in o the line to the associated bunker 101 to 107. In this case, the prelimin-j ary storage unit 46 with the star conveyor 52 serves as ; bucket-wheel sluice to seal the lower pneumatic line 53, which is subjected to the action of préssure, against the environment.
The star conveyor 52 is therefore sealingly mounted in the bucket-wheel housing 48.
Fig. 4f shows a further alternative embodiment of q 20 a preliminary storage unit 46. In contrast to the illus-tration in Figs. 4c to 4e, a preliminary storage unit 46 with a vertical axis of rotation 50 is provided in the illustrative embodiment according to 4f, four individual chambers 49, for example, being provided according to the ~i 25 lower illustration in Fig. 4f, into which the respective monofraction is introduced. In the illustrative embodi-ment, the individual chambers 49 are of cylindrical design, three chambers being closed at their bottom surfaces and the fourth chamber 49' being open toward the bottom in order to pass the monofraction introduced into the chambers on to the collector conveyor belt 31 to 33.
The preliminary storage unit 46 is, accordingly, designed similarly to a turret with individual drums. It ` can, however, also be designed similarly to a bucket-3 35 wheel sluice with V-shaped individual chambers, only one ;~ chamber in each case being open toward the bottom and the collector conveyor belt. Instead of the collector con-veyor belt 31 to 33, the embodiment according to Fig. 4f can, of course, also have a pneumatic line as is shown in ~1~8~8 Fig. 4e.
The illustration of the embodiment according to ~ Fig. 4g initially corresponds to the embodiment according ; to Fig. 4a, with a manual sorting section 24, 27, 28, designed as a conveyor belt, from which the operative 34 ~' processes, for example, a mixed fraction 15, 22, 25 and sorts out from it, in each case, a monofractio~ 35, 36, 37 onto the collector conveyor belt 31, 32, 33 situated J below. This ~normal~ case is described in Fig. 4a.
'3~ 1 0 In practice, it has proven that the mixed frac-tion 15, 22, 25, etc., is obtained on the manual sorting fi ~ection 24, 27, 28 in widely varying amounts. For example, so-called hollow bodies and CUp5 occur in much higher proportions than is the case for, for example, beverage cartona, aluminum and other products.
The embodiment according to Fig. 4g, then, envisages that each operative 34 is assigned a number "n"
of buffer boxes 108 to 110 or storage boxes in the immediate area of operation, of length "a", into which monofractions occurring to a lesser extent or in lesser quantity are sorted for interim storage. As can be seen ~1 from Fig. 4g, upper picture and lower picture, three buffer boxes 108 to 110 lie, for example, immediately in front of the operative 34 and somewhat above the manual sorting section 24, 27, 28, so that the operative can very easily place an individual fraction into one of these buffer boxes. For example, the buffer box 108 takes beverage cartons 1~5, the buffer box 109 aluminum pro-ducts 107, and the buffer box 110 other residues 111. The 30 installation according to the invention can, then, be controlled so that the collector conveyor belt 31 to 33 is charged, consecutively over time, with a respective monofraction which occurs in relatively large quantities on the manual sorting section. For example, initially 35 only hollow-body fractions are thrown onto the collector conveyor belt 31 to 33, and these are cleared off the collector conveyor belt after a certain processing time.
During this clearance period or belt emptying period of athe collector -conveyor belt 31 to 33, the operative 34 213~Sg8 can easily place one or more of the monofractions 105, ~Ij 107, 111 which occur to a lesser extent into the hl individual buffer boxes 108 to 110 and, in this manner, make profitable use of the emptying period of the ~ 5 collector conveyor belt. After this operation, for i example, the second monofraction which occurs to a large ~ extent, for example cups, can likewise be placed on the i collector conveyor belt 31 to 33, and the subsequent j emptying period of the collector conveyor belt is again 10 used to charge the buffer boxes 108 to 110. This sorting operation of the buffer boxes, too, can, in each period of time, take place always into one of the boxes only, or simultaneously into a plurality of boxes. The operative can, consequently, charge only the buffer box 108 with the fraction 105 (for example, beverage cartons) in the -` belt emptying interval.
In Fig. 4g, upper picture, the emptying, for example, of the tilted buffer box 108 is shown in broken lines, the fraction 105 being tipped laterally out of ~, 20 this buffer box and falling onto the collector belt 31 to 33. During this phase and the belt emptying phase, the operative 34 can of course charge one of the other two buffer boxes 109, 110 with the monofraction 107, 111. The buffer boxes 108 to 110 can, consequently, be emptied in a particular working rhythm. Only after a plurality of ~ cycles of monofractions occurring to a large extent have ;~^ been processed and disposed of can one individual buffer box in each case, which has now become full, be tilted for interim disposal and conveyed onto the conveyor belt 31 to 33. As a result of this measure, optimum utiliz~
ation of the emptying periods of the collector conveyor belts 31 to 33 is possible.
~ The invention is not restricted to the illustra-;~ tive embodiment which has been illustrated and described, i 35 but also encompasses all technical further developments within the scope of the concept of the invention. In ~i particular, a further advantage of the installation according to the invention lies in the fact that the air conditioning and thermal economy can be decisively ::~
-. : :
~a8~48 improved. As a result of the fact that only a few sorting cabin apertures are necessary, because of the inward and outward movement of the various material flows, the quantities of air required for dust removal, disinfection 5 and air conditioning can be significantly reduced as compared with conventional solutions using the drop ~ shaft. The air/volume ratio corresponds to the ratio of r the free apertures.
With thermal outputs of, for example, 13.6 Wh/m3 10 of incoming air and a temperature difference of s 38 degrees (- 20 degrees outside temperature to +18 degrees sorting cabin temperature), the reduction in the volume of air i8 related in a linear manner both to the reduction of thermal output and to the reduction of the 15 air output.
A further advantage of the installation lies in the fact that the latter can be adapted to virtually any desired sorting task by means of an appropriate control unit. The ~orting cycles for each conveyor belt, and 20 hence for each fraction, can be influenced by a "belt foreman" posted at the start of the conveyor belt, using a foot or knee switch.
~; The total cycle time, in other words the pro-grammed idle time for the sorting-out of 1, 2 or more 25 fractions, can be set or influenced by the machine minder.
For new cor.trol systems, provision is made for the basic functions for the operation of the installation to be set to a plurality of typical packaging mixtures 30 via a keyboard or similar operating elements. In this case, the installation can also be switched over to continuous operation.
In a further embodiment of the invention, it is also possible for a longitudinal division of the sorting belt 24, 27, 28 to be provided. In this case, provision is made for the sorting belt to be divided longitudinally into 2 or more chambers by an undulating edge or the like, for the purpose of interim storage and, if appro-` priate, onward transportation of low-volume fractions, .
'', : :
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3~8 i~ for which it is not worthwhile to switch over the collec-3 tor belts and the distributor chutes.
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1 Sorting installation 32 Collector conveyor belt with sorting section 33 Collector conveyor belt 2 Bunker conveyor 34 Operative -,3 Bag opening ~ystem User ;~5 4 Conveyor belt 35 Monofraction -,5 FE separator 36 Monofraction ;6 Screening machine 37 Monofraction ,7 Residual fraction 38 Drop shaft 8 Middle fraction 39 Drop region 10 9 Overflow fraction 40 Conveyor belt drive 310 Conveyor belt 41 Separation point '.11 Residue bunker 42 Conveyor belt 12 Conveyor belt 43 Conveyor belt 13 Conveyor belt 44 Deflector flap 15 14 Inclined sorting 45 Arrow i.' machine 46 Preliminary storage 15 Flat mixed fraction unit 16 Conveyor belt 47 Star conveyor 17 NF separator 48 Housing ~'20 18 Conveyor belt 49 Chamber 19 Drop shaft 50 Axis of rotation 20 Drop shaft 51 Chamber 21 Drop shaft 52 Star conveyor 22 Flat mixed fraction 53 Pneumatic line :~
23 Conveyor belt101 Mixed plastics ~3 24 First manual sorting 102 Board/cardboard ~- section/sorting belt 103 Cups ::
25 Rolling mixed frac- 104 Foils ~i tion 105 Beverage cartons 26 Conveyor belt 106 Foams 27 Second manual sorting 107 Al laminates . section/sorting belt 108 Buffer boxes ~:
28 Third manual sorting 109 Buffer boxes section/sorting belt 110 Buffer boxes 29 Drop shaft111 Other residues :~
30 Conveyor belt 31 Collector conveyor ~ :
` belt :. ' .
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Claims (18)
1. A sorting installation for useful products, especially for the sorting-out of reusable packaging materials, the various useful products being passed on a sorting conveyor belt to a manual sorting section with manual sorting workplaces, to which sorting conveyor belt is assigned at least one collection device for a monofraction, leading to a collection bunker, wherein the collection device (31, 32, 33) is designed as an interim store which, over a predetermined working cycle, receives a particular useful product fraction (35, 36, 37), and wherein, during the working cycle or after the end thereof, the collection device (31, 32, 33) is assigned to an associated useful product bunker (101 to 107) and the collected monofraction (35 to 37) can be emptied into the assigned bunker (101 to 107) for this monofraction.
2. The sorting installation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the collection device (31 to 33) is designed as a useful product collection channel extending parallel to the sorting conveyor belt or to the manual sorting section (24, 27, 28), and its content can be passed as a monofraction (35 to 37) to an associated useful product bunker (101 to 107).
3. The sorting installation as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the collection device (31 to 33) is designed as a mechanical collector conveyor belt (31 to 33) which leads to various useful product bunkers (101 to 107).
4. The sorting installation in particular as claimed in one of claims 1. to 3, wherein the manual sorting section (24, 27, 28) and/or the collection device (31 to 33) is assigned at least one preliminary storage or interim storage device (46) which receives at least one monofraction (35 to 37) during, in particular, the period of movement and emptying of the collection device (31 to 33).
5. The sorting installation as claimed in claim 4, wherein the preliminary storage device (46) is designed as a deflector flap (44) to two collector conveyor belts extending in parallel.
6. The sorting installation as claimed in claim 4, wherein the preliminary storage device (46) is designed as a pivotable collection channel or star conveyor (47), whose chamber content falls onto the collector conveyor belt (31 to 33) during pivoting and rotation, respec-tively.
7. The sorting installation as claimed in claim 4, wherein the preliminary storage device (46) is designed as a bucket wheel (47, 52) with a horizontal axis of rotation (50), whose chamber content can be passed, during a rotary movement to a mechanical or pneumatic conveying device (31 to 33 or 53).
8. The sorting installation as claimed in claim 4, wherein the preliminary storage device (46) is designed as a stationary bucket wheel or drum magazine with a vertical axis of rotation, whose chambers (49) serve to receive a monofraction (35 to 37), only one chamber being open toward the bottom for intermittent emptying.
9. The sorting installation as claimed in claim 4, wherein the preliminary storage or interim storage device (46) is designed in the form of buffer boxes (108 to 110) directly assigned to the manual sorting section (24, 27, 28) in order to receive one monofraction (105, 107, 111) in each case, and wherein the emptying of each buffer box onto the collection device (31 to 33) preferably takes place only after the end of a plurality of sorting cycles for other monofractions.
10. The sorting installation as claimed in claim 9, wherein the buffer boxes (108 to 110) serve to receive monofractions which occur in the mixed fraction only to a small extent.
11. The sorting installation as claimed in one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the assignment of the collection devices (31 to 33) to the particular bunkers (101 to 107) takes place via controllable emptying flaps.
12. The sorting installation as claimed in one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the assignment of the collection devices (31 to 33), designed as collector conveyor belts, to the associated bunkers (101 to 107) for the respective monofraction (31 to 37) is provided by a longitudinal displacement of the collector conveyor belt (31 to 33), in a manner such that the belt end (39) is arranged above the associated bunker (101 to 107).
13. The sorting installation as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein a large number of bunkers (101 to 107), especially five to ten, for the monofractions (35 to 37) are arranged side by side, wherein a collector conveyor belt (31 to 33) is arranged above the bunkers (101 to 107), and wherein, as a result of longitudinal displacement of the collector conveyor belt (31 to 33) in both longitudinal directions, one of the two end regions (39) of the collector conveyor belt (31 to 33) arrives above the desired bunker (101 to 107).
14. The sorting installation as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein a conveying device (43) is installed downstream of the collection bunkers (101 to 107) and guides the desired monofraction (35 to 37) to a baling press.
15. The sorting installation as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein a plurality of sorting belts are provided as manual sorting sections (24, 27, 28), to each of which are assigned collector conveyor belts (31 to 33) arranged in parallel.
16. The sorting installation as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein additional mechanical sorting devices (5, 6, 14, 17) are installed upstream of the sorting belts or the manual sorting sections (24, 27, 28), undertake a preliminary separation of the useful product mixture, and pass the latter to associated sorting belts (24, 27, 28) or bunkers (11, 19, 20).
17. The sorting installation as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein the sorting belt (24, 27, 28) has a longitudinal division by means of an undulating edge or the like, in order to receive residual fractions which are not to be sorted out.
18. The sorting installation as claimed in one of the preceding claims, wherein a regulating or control device is provided which regulates or controls the switch-on times or the actuation or start-up of the individual transportation and useful product receiving devices as a function of each other.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEP4315691.6 | 1993-05-11 | ||
| DE4315691 | 1993-05-11 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2138548A1 true CA2138548A1 (en) | 1994-11-24 |
Family
ID=6487803
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002138548A Abandoned CA2138548A1 (en) | 1993-05-11 | 1994-05-10 | Sorting installation |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0650399B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JPH07508931A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE198559T1 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2138548A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE59409632D1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1994026429A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19820284A1 (en) | 1998-05-07 | 1999-11-11 | Bezner Maschinen Gmbh | Standalone sorter |
| FR2782659B1 (en) * | 1998-08-27 | 2000-11-17 | Vauche P | SEQUENTIAL SORTING DEVICE AND PRODUCT SORTING METHOD |
| DE10053136A1 (en) * | 2000-10-26 | 2002-05-08 | Robert Marco Manka | Garbage sorting process |
| JP7228565B2 (en) * | 2017-04-13 | 2023-02-24 | リチャード エス バーンズ アンド カンパニー インコーポレイテッド | Debris cart and its use system and method |
Family Cites Families (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE182993C (en) * | ||||
| US3595389A (en) * | 1970-03-05 | 1971-07-27 | George W Morgan | Reclamation method and apparatus |
| SE403753B (en) * | 1974-01-31 | 1978-09-04 | Svenska Flaektfabriken Ab | FACILITY FOR SORTING OF AT LEAST TWO DIFFERENT GOODS |
| GB2109762A (en) * | 1981-10-21 | 1983-06-08 | Sea Fish Industry Authority | Method and apparatus for use in sorting/grading fish |
| US4465195A (en) * | 1982-02-04 | 1984-08-14 | Buer Jeffrey J | Method of sorting and counting cans |
| EP0123825B1 (en) * | 1983-04-22 | 1989-06-07 | Maschinenfabrik Bezner GmbH & Co. KG | Sorting plant for extracting valuable products from household refuse, industrial refuse, bulky refuse, dry refuse, and/or difficult and dangerous matter |
| DE8406281U1 (en) * | 1984-02-29 | 1985-07-25 | Maschinenfabrik Bezner Gmbh & Co Kg, 7980 Ravensburg | Sieve device |
| US5100537A (en) * | 1990-05-24 | 1992-03-31 | Krause Manufacturing, Inc. | Waste recycling system |
| NL9100359A (en) * | 1991-02-27 | 1992-09-16 | Boa Maschf Bv | Refuse handling installation - has rotary sieve drum, operators work shop, dumping chutes and containers |
-
1994
- 1994-05-10 DE DE59409632T patent/DE59409632D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-05-10 DE DE4416457A patent/DE4416457C2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-05-10 JP JP6524823A patent/JPH07508931A/en active Pending
- 1994-05-10 CA CA002138548A patent/CA2138548A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1994-05-10 AT AT94915031T patent/ATE198559T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-05-10 WO PCT/DE1994/000558 patent/WO1994026429A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 1994-05-10 EP EP94915031A patent/EP0650399B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1994026429A1 (en) | 1994-11-24 |
| DE4416457C2 (en) | 1997-05-22 |
| EP0650399A1 (en) | 1995-05-03 |
| DE59409632D1 (en) | 2001-02-15 |
| ATE198559T1 (en) | 2001-01-15 |
| DE4416457A1 (en) | 1994-11-17 |
| EP0650399B1 (en) | 2001-01-10 |
| JPH07508931A (en) | 1995-10-05 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
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| FZDE | Discontinued |