CA2084070A1 - Process and device for disposing of packings - Google Patents
Process and device for disposing of packingsInfo
- Publication number
- CA2084070A1 CA2084070A1 CA002084070A CA2084070A CA2084070A1 CA 2084070 A1 CA2084070 A1 CA 2084070A1 CA 002084070 A CA002084070 A CA 002084070A CA 2084070 A CA2084070 A CA 2084070A CA 2084070 A1 CA2084070 A1 CA 2084070A1
- Authority
- CA
- Canada
- Prior art keywords
- size
- packing
- screening drum
- receptacles
- reduction
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Abandoned
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
- B09B3/30—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving mechanical treatment
- B09B3/32—Compressing or compacting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
- B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
- B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
- B09B2101/02—Gases or liquids enclosed in discarded articles, e.g. aerosol cans or cooling systems of refrigerators
Abstract
The invention relates to a process for disposing of packings in which (1) the packings are opened and crushed by a crushing device (5), (2) any liquid and possibly fine solid contents remaining are removed (7, 10), collected (12, 13) and taken to a suitable waste disposal, (3) any gases evolved are diluted by a continuous stream of air and carried away (19), and (4) the empty crushed packings are collected (14). The process is characterized in that the crushed packings are passed through at least one rotating screen (7, 10) and in that the crushing device (5) and/or the rotating screen (7, 10) are supplied with a hot gas or mixture of gases.
The invention also relates to a device for carrying out this process.
The invention also relates to a device for carrying out this process.
Description
1 - 2 ~ Q 7 ~
14.05.1990/FE
BASF Lacke ~ Farben AXtiengesellschaft, Munster Process and apparatus for _ dis~osinq of packinq recep~acles The present invention relates to a process fo~
disposing of packing receptacles, in which 1. the packing receptacles are opened and reduced in size by means of a size-reduction apparatus,
14.05.1990/FE
BASF Lacke ~ Farben AXtiengesellschaft, Munster Process and apparatus for _ dis~osinq of packinq recep~acles The present invention relates to a process fo~
disposing of packing receptacles, in which 1. the packing receptacles are opened and reduced in size by means of a size-reduction apparatus,
2. the liquid and any fine-particled solid residual contents are separated, collected and passed on or a suitable disposal,
3. any gases produced are rarefied and caxried away by ~ constant airstream and
4. the emptied and size-reduced packing receptacles are collected.
The present invention also relates to an ap~
paratus for carrying out this process.
Packing receptacle3 often contain environmentally hazardou~ product~, for example highly in1ammable and/o.r toxic liguids and/or gase Such receptacles cannot simply be landfilled after use like conventional house-hold garbage, but have to be passed on for a segregated waste disposal, - 2 - 2~ 7~J
In addition, the material of the packing receptacles represents a valuable raw material which sho~ld be passed on for reuse wherever possible. However, a cleaning of such packing receptacles and subsequent reuse as such is only economically viable if a certain size of the packing receptacles (for example 200 1 barrel) is reached. A
reuse of smaller packing receptacles by rec~very of the raw materials is possible only if the liguid residual contents contained in the containers are first completely removed and passed on for a proper disposal.
A process for disposing of receptacles which con-tain aerosols or propellants, inflammable gases or ~oxic chemicals is described for example in US Patent 4,356,981. There the receptacles for disposal are first of all destroyed by a shredder~ The residual constituents ~hen drop down onto a conveying means with a perforated conveying belt. The liquid residual constituents drip down through the holes in the conveyor b~lt and are collected in a pan lying underneath and emptied via a liquid outlet. The conveyor belt is axranged within a housing which is substantially seale~ off from the outside and through which an air flow is passed~ ~y means of a vacuum fan, gaseous con~tituents are carried away in a controlled manner by this air stream via an extraction openins. However, this pxocess described in US Patent 4,356,981 is uitable only for a precleaning of the size-reduced packing receptacles. For instance, the upper side 2~8~7~
of the parts on the conveyor belt remain uncleaned, since liquid can drip only fxom the underside of the parts.
Very viscous substances cannot be removed at all. None-theless, owing to rele~ant legal regulations (laws on waste and water pollution laws), it is essential for use of the packing receptacles that all residual contents able to flow or drip have been removed completely (cf.
publications of the Informationskrei.s der Verwertung entleerter Blechgebinde - Information Group for the Use of Emptied Sheet Metal Containers). What is also dis-advantageous about this process is tha-t the pore openings in the conveyor belt clog after a relatively shor~ time and therefore the conveyor belt has to he cleaned fre-quently.
It is also known, from German Patent 3,713,477, to di pose of such packing receptac}es by the receptacles first of all being reduced in size in a size-reduction installation to which nitrogen under positive pressure is admitted and the residual constituents collected in a waste container. Howev~r, even with this process, a complete removal of the residual constituents from the packaging receptacle material is not po~sible. What is also disadvantageou~ about this process is that, owing to the positive nitrogen pressure, losses of the gaseous conæti~uents occur and, even in spite of a protective gas atmosphere, a certain risk of explosion remains.
2~a70 Finally, various appa.rakuses for the size reduc~
tion of aerosol cans in which the xisk of explosion due ~o the gaseous contents released during the size reduc-tion of the aerosol cans is avoided by special precau-tions are known for example from the patent specifica-tions US Patent 3,828,976, US Patent 3,303,968, US Patent 3,438,548 and US Patent 3,333,735. :How, on the other hand, residual contents able to flow or drip are to be removed completely from the parts of th~ packing recept-acles is not described.
It is consequently an object of the present invention to provide a process for disposing of packing receptacles by which receptacles containing environment-ally hazardous liquid, pasty and solid substances (for example remains of coating~) can be reconditioned by means of a very simple and cost-effective me~hod. In par-ticular, it should be ensured by this process that the size-reduced receptacles obtained are freed completely of all residual contents able to flow or drip as well as such contents giving off gas and thus the receptacle material can be passed on for reuse.
This object is achieved according to the invention by a process for disposing of packing receptacles, in which 1. the packing receptacles are opened and reduc~d in size by means of a size-reduction apparatus, ! 5 - 2 ~ ~ ~ O ~ 1~
2. the liquid and any fine-particled solid residual contents are separated, collected and passed on for a suitable disposal, 3. any gases produced are rarefied and carried away by a constant airstream and 4. the emptied and size-xeduced packing recept-acle parts are collected.
~, the packing receptacles are passed through at lea~ one rotating screening drum and a heated gas or ga~ mixture is admitted to the size-reduction apparatus/and/or the screening drum.
The present invention also r~ ates to an ap-paratus for carrying out this proce ~.
The process according t ~ the invention has in particular the ad~antage that ~ll the residual contents able to flow or drip as wel~ as such contents giving off gas can be removed comp ~ ely.
At the same ~ e, all contents not flowing or dripping away of t ~ir own accord can also be removed by first of all ~ing dried on and then substantially detached by ~ e contacting (rubbing) in the drum, i.e.
e~en solid/ ontents can be substantially removed.
~ he process has provided a saEe, simple and inex ~ nsive possibility of making even small packing r7~eptacles suitable for reuse, irrespective oE size and 'S~TaE~E3 2 ~
The present invention also relates to an ap~
paratus for carrying out this process.
Packing receptacle3 often contain environmentally hazardou~ product~, for example highly in1ammable and/o.r toxic liguids and/or gase Such receptacles cannot simply be landfilled after use like conventional house-hold garbage, but have to be passed on for a segregated waste disposal, - 2 - 2~ 7~J
In addition, the material of the packing receptacles represents a valuable raw material which sho~ld be passed on for reuse wherever possible. However, a cleaning of such packing receptacles and subsequent reuse as such is only economically viable if a certain size of the packing receptacles (for example 200 1 barrel) is reached. A
reuse of smaller packing receptacles by rec~very of the raw materials is possible only if the liguid residual contents contained in the containers are first completely removed and passed on for a proper disposal.
A process for disposing of receptacles which con-tain aerosols or propellants, inflammable gases or ~oxic chemicals is described for example in US Patent 4,356,981. There the receptacles for disposal are first of all destroyed by a shredder~ The residual constituents ~hen drop down onto a conveying means with a perforated conveying belt. The liquid residual constituents drip down through the holes in the conveyor b~lt and are collected in a pan lying underneath and emptied via a liquid outlet. The conveyor belt is axranged within a housing which is substantially seale~ off from the outside and through which an air flow is passed~ ~y means of a vacuum fan, gaseous con~tituents are carried away in a controlled manner by this air stream via an extraction openins. However, this pxocess described in US Patent 4,356,981 is uitable only for a precleaning of the size-reduced packing receptacles. For instance, the upper side 2~8~7~
of the parts on the conveyor belt remain uncleaned, since liquid can drip only fxom the underside of the parts.
Very viscous substances cannot be removed at all. None-theless, owing to rele~ant legal regulations (laws on waste and water pollution laws), it is essential for use of the packing receptacles that all residual contents able to flow or drip have been removed completely (cf.
publications of the Informationskrei.s der Verwertung entleerter Blechgebinde - Information Group for the Use of Emptied Sheet Metal Containers). What is also dis-advantageous about this process is tha-t the pore openings in the conveyor belt clog after a relatively shor~ time and therefore the conveyor belt has to he cleaned fre-quently.
It is also known, from German Patent 3,713,477, to di pose of such packing receptac}es by the receptacles first of all being reduced in size in a size-reduction installation to which nitrogen under positive pressure is admitted and the residual constituents collected in a waste container. Howev~r, even with this process, a complete removal of the residual constituents from the packaging receptacle material is not po~sible. What is also disadvantageou~ about this process is that, owing to the positive nitrogen pressure, losses of the gaseous conæti~uents occur and, even in spite of a protective gas atmosphere, a certain risk of explosion remains.
2~a70 Finally, various appa.rakuses for the size reduc~
tion of aerosol cans in which the xisk of explosion due ~o the gaseous contents released during the size reduc-tion of the aerosol cans is avoided by special precau-tions are known for example from the patent specifica-tions US Patent 3,828,976, US Patent 3,303,968, US Patent 3,438,548 and US Patent 3,333,735. :How, on the other hand, residual contents able to flow or drip are to be removed completely from the parts of th~ packing recept-acles is not described.
It is consequently an object of the present invention to provide a process for disposing of packing receptacles by which receptacles containing environment-ally hazardous liquid, pasty and solid substances (for example remains of coating~) can be reconditioned by means of a very simple and cost-effective me~hod. In par-ticular, it should be ensured by this process that the size-reduced receptacles obtained are freed completely of all residual contents able to flow or drip as well as such contents giving off gas and thus the receptacle material can be passed on for reuse.
This object is achieved according to the invention by a process for disposing of packing receptacles, in which 1. the packing receptacles are opened and reduc~d in size by means of a size-reduction apparatus, ! 5 - 2 ~ ~ ~ O ~ 1~
2. the liquid and any fine-particled solid residual contents are separated, collected and passed on for a suitable disposal, 3. any gases produced are rarefied and carried away by a constant airstream and 4. the emptied and size-xeduced packing recept-acle parts are collected.
~, the packing receptacles are passed through at lea~ one rotating screening drum and a heated gas or ga~ mixture is admitted to the size-reduction apparatus/and/or the screening drum.
The present invention also r~ ates to an ap-paratus for carrying out this proce ~.
The process according t ~ the invention has in particular the ad~antage that ~ll the residual contents able to flow or drip as wel~ as such contents giving off gas can be removed comp ~ ely.
At the same ~ e, all contents not flowing or dripping away of t ~ir own accord can also be removed by first of all ~ing dried on and then substantially detached by ~ e contacting (rubbing) in the drum, i.e.
e~en solid/ ontents can be substantially removed.
~ he process has provided a saEe, simple and inex ~ nsive possibility of making even small packing r7~eptacles suitable for reuse, irrespective oE size and 'S~TaE~E3 2 ~
- 5~-In the process, following their size reduction, the packing receptacles are passed th:rough at least one rotating ~creening drum and a gas or gas mixture heated to a temper ture of from 40 to 150C, prefera~ly from 80 to 120C~ is admitted to the size-reduction apparatus and/or the screening drun.
A device for disposing of propellants and/or refrigerants i9 indeed known from EP-A1-336-254, in which device a circulating air stream heated to approximately 40C is introduced into a size-reduction ch~mber. How-ever, the known device is not used for disposing of packing receptacles contaminated with liquid residual - contents, but for the disposal and recovery of pro-pellants and/or refrigerant , e~pecially chlorofluoro-carbon3, from foams and/or plastics. The circulating air is heated in order to remove the propellants and/or xefrigerant~ in the gaseous state.
The present invention also relates to an appa-ratus for carrying out this process.
~he process according to the inve~tion has in particular the advantage that all the residual contents able to flow or drip as well as such contents giving of~
REpLAcEMEN~r ~HEET
..
- 5~ - 2~
gas can be removed completely.
At the same time, all contentq not flowing or dripping away of their own accord can also be removed by first of all being dried on and then substantially detached by the contacting (rubbing) in the drum, i.e.
even solid contents can be substantially removed.
The process ha~ provided a safe, simple and inexpensive po3sibility of making even small packing receptacles suitable for reuse7 irrespective of size and shape.
REPI,ACEMENT SHEE
. . .
A device for disposing of propellants and/or refrigerants i9 indeed known from EP-A1-336-254, in which device a circulating air stream heated to approximately 40C is introduced into a size-reduction ch~mber. How-ever, the known device is not used for disposing of packing receptacles contaminated with liquid residual - contents, but for the disposal and recovery of pro-pellants and/or refrigerant , e~pecially chlorofluoro-carbon3, from foams and/or plastics. The circulating air is heated in order to remove the propellants and/or xefrigerant~ in the gaseous state.
The present invention also relates to an appa-ratus for carrying out this process.
~he process according to the inve~tion has in particular the advantage that all the residual contents able to flow or drip as well as such contents giving of~
REpLAcEMEN~r ~HEET
..
- 5~ - 2~
gas can be removed completely.
At the same time, all contentq not flowing or dripping away of their own accord can also be removed by first of all being dried on and then substantially detached by the contacting (rubbing) in the drum, i.e.
even solid contents can be substantially removed.
The process ha~ provided a safe, simple and inexpensive po3sibility of making even small packing receptacles suitable for reuse7 irrespective of size and shape.
REPI,ACEMENT SHEE
. . .
- 6 - 20~a7~
The apparatus and the process according to the invention are explained in urther detail below.
In order to ensure a safe and environmentally friendly disposal of packing receptacles, the entire apparatus from ~he fPed into the size-reduction installa-tion through to the discharge from the screening drum or packing press is cl~sed off from the surroundings. In order to avoid the risk of explosions during the opera-tion of the installation, the air in the installation is constantly extracted, for example by means of an induced draft or the like, and thus a negative pressure is produced in the installation. At the same tLme, the air stream is regulated in such a manner that the gases released duri~g the si~e reduction of the packing recept-lS acles and the further removal of the contents are trans-ported away very ~uickly, thus permitting safe operation of the installation. It is preferred if the air stream is regulated in ~uch a manner that an at least 8-fold air exchange per minute is ensured in the parts of the apparatus under negative pressure (si~e-reduction ap-paratus and drum), in order in this way to reduce ~he risk of explosions. It i~ particularly preferred if a much higher air exchange is set, for example a ~0-fold or e~en greater air exchange per minute. For a proper ~5 disposal of the waste gases produced, the waste air from the installation is either cleaned by suitable filters, for example activa~ed carbon filters, or passed on to an ~ 7 ~ 2 ~ 7 ~3 incineration installation. If a combustion of the gases is not possible owing to theix chemical composition, not only a filter but also a condenser with following ap-paratus for fractionated distillation may be fitted at the end of the waste gas line.
This avoidance of explosions by a frequent air change offers the advantage over making the atmosphere inert, for example by means of nitrogen gas, that the installation is not operated under positive pressure but continuously under negative prassure without a sluice system, thereby avoiding emissions.
To reduce the risk of explosions urther, :it may be appropriate to install additionally an active ex-plosion suppression system with pressure sensors and an automatic powder extinguishing system. Explosion flaps are in any case to be provided. These systems are generally known and therefore need not be explained in any further detail here.
To dispose of the packing receptacles, which may ei~her be at leas~ partially empty or else still com-pletely full, it is preferred if the receptacles are ~irst of all presorted according to the packing recept-acle material, such as plastic, tin plate, black plate and aluminum. ~hereafter, they are passed on to a size-reduction apparatus, for example by means of a bucketelevatorl a ~lt con~eyor or by means of o~her suitable charging device~.
g 7 ~
In the si~e-reduction appar~tus, the receptacles are opened and reduced in siza, preferably by means of motor-driven, slow-running cutting tools, for example by means of cutting rollers. As a result, the accessible surface of the packing rec~ptacles i.s increased in size and remains which are able to flow can drip away ir-respective of the positlon. The p~c}cing receptacles are in this case usually reduced in size in the form of strips, the strip width generally being from 20 to 50 mm.
Size-reduction apparatuses are known per se and described for example in the publications German Patent 3,713,477 and US Patent 4,35b,9810 All other known size-reduction apparatuses are also suitable. Of course, the particular size-reduction apparatus is to be adapted as usual to the type and size of the packing receptacles to be reduced in si.ze. Furthermore, it is also possible to combine a plurality of size-reduction apparatuses in the form of a cascade, in order for example in this way to reduce the packing receptacles first of all to a preliminary size and then reduce them fuxther in ~ize.
The size-reduction apparatus is followed ~y at least one rotating screening drum, which is preferably arranged underneath the size-reduction apparatus and pointing down at an angle and into which the packing receptacles enter in the form of chips, for example via a chute. The connection between ~ize-reduction apparatus and screening drum is to be made gas-tight. Suitable _ 9 _ 2 ~ r¦ ~3 screening dr~ms generally have a diameter of from 1 to 3 m, the particular diameter being dependent on the size of the cutting frame and of the chut:e. Substantially bigger or substantially smaller screening drums may also be used. For cleaning the holes in the screening drum, the latter may be advantageously combined with a spiked roller.
The automatic cleaning-off of the size-reduced packing receptacles in this screening drum is assisted by the rotation of the drum. On the one hand, the rotational speed of the screening drum i5 not to be set too high here, so as to ensure that the remains which are able to flow drip off. Rotational speeds of ~ 5 rpm are generally suitable for this. On the other hand, the rotational speed must be high enough to ensure that the dried, solid residual contents are cleaned off by rubbing in the drum.
Furthermore, the rotational speed is dependent on the degree of filling. Usually rota~ional speeds of > 2 rpm are suitable for this. Owing to these different require-ments for the rotational speed of the screening drum, preferred embodiments comprise a combination of at least two screening drums having different rotational speeds or a graduation of the drum diameters with possi~ly also an angular cross-section.
If a plurality of screening drums are arranged in succession, the firs~ screening drum directly downstream of the size-reduction apparatus rotates ~lowly, lo- 2~ 3 preferably at a speed of less than or equal to 5 rpm, whereas the second screening drum rotates faster, prefer ably at a speed of greater than or equal to 2 rpm.
The same effect can be achieved by graduating the ` 5 drum diameters.
It is essential for the invention that a heated gas or gas mixture is admitted to the screening drum. The gas or gas mixture is generally at temperatures of from 40 to 150C, preferably from 80 to 120C, the temperature of the gas or gas mixture always being below the ignition temperature of the contents. The waste air from an incineration installation can be used for example as the heated ga~ mixture. The admission of hot air in this case firstly achieves an improvement in the flow of ~he liquid residual substances. A drying and complete outgassing of the residual sub~tance~ takes place in a second phase, enabling attached matter to burst.
The admission of hot air generally takes place in the region of the first third of the screening drumO
However, hot air can also be admitted advantageously to the size-reduction apparatus. In addition, it is of course also possible to feed the hot air in in the region between the size-reduct:ion apparatus and the screenins drum. Both the liquid separated from the packing recept-acle partR in the size reduction apparatus and the liquid separated from the said parts in the screening drum is caught for example in a pan or passed on for a suitable - 11- 2~ 7l3 disposal, for example incineration, by a slush pump or the like.
In cases where the receptacles have a high liquid content, it is also possible to inject for example between the working chamber of the size-reduction ap-paratus and the liquid fractiona~or (for example upstream of the first screening drum~ a liquid-hinding medium, such as for example sawdust.
As an alternative to this, it may be advantageous in some cases, depending on the contents, to inject one or more organic solvents into the screening drum and~or the working chamber of the size-reduction appara~us. To save costs, already used or contaminated solvents, for example wash solutions or the like, which would have to be disposed of in any case may be advantageously used for this purpose. The solvents are then passed on together with the dissolved liquid residual contents for a specific disposal, as already mentioned.
~he size-reduced and cleaned packing receptacle parts may be collected directly downstream of the screen-ing drum and passed on for reuse. ~o reduce ~he trans porting volume of the size-reduced parts, it i~ preferred however to compress the parts in a press following the screening drum and only then collect them in containers and pass them on for reuse.
The apparatus in question for disposing of packing receptacles is preferably combined with a 2 ~
hazardous waste incineration installation. Along with simple disposal of the waste air and liquids produced, this has the further advantages ~hat very high air exchanges in the installation, of for example 20-fold air exchanges/min, are easy to accomplish and there is no longer any need for expenditure on fans and filters. In addition, the waste heat from the incineration installa-tion can be used for the hot air feeding.
An exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained in further detail below with reference to the drawing. The figure shows an apparatus for a disposing of packing receptacles in diagrammatic representation.
It shows the housing 1, the belt conveyor 2, the filling hopper 3, the size-reduction apparatus with working chamber 4 and cutting rollers 5, the chute 6, the screening drum with graduated drum diameter, comprising a liquid fractioning section 7, an integra~ed conveying screw 8, a contacting section ~, a section 10 for separ-ating the sheet metal from the solid residues and a metal discharge 11, the collecting container 12 for liquids, the container 13 for solid residues and the collecting container 14 for the cleaned packing receptacle parts. To carry out the process, the packing receptacle~ of the s~me material, for example tin plate, collected in a container are passed on by means of a belt conveyor 2 to the filling hopper 3. From there, the packing receptacles pass into the working chamber 4I where they are opened - 13 - 2~ 7~
and reduced in size with the aid of cutting rollers 5.
The size-reduced packing receptacle parts pass via a chute 6 into the fractioning section 7 of the drum, designed as a screening drum. This screening drum 7 has a diameter of abou~ 3 m and a length of about 1.5 m. The length and diameter of this screening drum 7 are chosen in this case to be large enough for the height of the bed not to be too high, in order to ensure that the liquids can drip off easily. Due to the rotation of the screening drum 7, remains which are able to flow can drip off irrespective of the position. These remains which are able to flow are collected in the container 12. In order to prevent the holes in the screening drum from clogging, a spiked roller 15 is arran~ed above the screening drum.
The packing receptacle parts freed of the r~mains which are able to flow then pass from the screen-ing drum 7 into the contacting section 9 of the drum by means of a transition 8 with integrated conveying screw.
In order to keep down heat losses and arhieve intensive contacting of the materiall the contacting section 9 of the drum has a smaller diameter than the fractioning section 7 of the drum. For instance, the contacting section ~ has a diameter of only about 1 m when of a length of about 7 m. Due to the rotation of the druml an intensive rubbing of the matPrial, and consequently a dry cleaning-off of the material, is achieved in this section 9. This can be intensified by an angulax, preferably - - 14 - 2~ 7~
hexagonal, shaping of this drum section. The s~me effect can also be accomplished with a round cross-section of the drum by installing fins.
The fine-paxticled solid residual substances are separated from the packing receptacle parts in the following section 10 of the drum, again designed as a screening drum, and collected in th~e container 13. The cleaned packing receptacle parts pass via a metal dis-charge 11 with integrated conveying screw into the container 14, from where they can be passed on, if need be, to a packing press.
To improve the cleaning action, cold air is extracted from the filling hopper 3 and heated up by means of the heat exchanger 16. This air, heated to a temperature of from 80 to 120C, in this case accom-plishes firstly an improvement in the flow of the liquid residual substances and consequently a better cleaning in the screening drum 7. A drying and complete outgassing of the residual substances takes place in a second phase, enabling attached matter to burst. In order to prevent the hot air flowing past the contacting section 9, the housing l is made in two parts. It is sealed off in each case at the races of the drum bearings 17. Consequently, an uncontrolled escape of emissions is prevented. For the same reason, the collecting containers 12, 13 and 14, which are charged from the screening drum sections 7 and 10 as well as $he metal discharge 11, are located inside - 15 ~ 7~3 the housing. The transitional section 8 with integrated conveying screw is provided in order to achieve a very small cross-section of the contacting section and con-sequently a very effective utilization of the hot air stream. To reduce the risk of explosion, with the aid of a fan 20 an air stream is set in the working chamber 4 of the size-reduction apparatus, the chute 6, the screening drum wi~h li~uid fractionator 7, transition 8, con~acting section 9, drum section 10 and metal discharge 11 via a stack 18 and a waste gas line 19 in such a way that an at least 8-fold air exchange/min is ensured in the installation. The waste air is passed on to an inci.neration installation. In addition, an active ex-plosion suppression system 21 with pressure sensors and powder extinguishing system is installed. The complete housing 1 of the installation is provided on the upper side with explosion flapæ 22. In addition, a shut-off slide valve 23 is installed above the working chamber 4 of the size-reduction apparatus.
In cases of a high liquid content, a liquid-binding medium, or example sawdust, may also be injected by means of the device 24.
The apparatus and the process according to the invention are explained in urther detail below.
In order to ensure a safe and environmentally friendly disposal of packing receptacles, the entire apparatus from ~he fPed into the size-reduction installa-tion through to the discharge from the screening drum or packing press is cl~sed off from the surroundings. In order to avoid the risk of explosions during the opera-tion of the installation, the air in the installation is constantly extracted, for example by means of an induced draft or the like, and thus a negative pressure is produced in the installation. At the same tLme, the air stream is regulated in such a manner that the gases released duri~g the si~e reduction of the packing recept-lS acles and the further removal of the contents are trans-ported away very ~uickly, thus permitting safe operation of the installation. It is preferred if the air stream is regulated in ~uch a manner that an at least 8-fold air exchange per minute is ensured in the parts of the apparatus under negative pressure (si~e-reduction ap-paratus and drum), in order in this way to reduce ~he risk of explosions. It i~ particularly preferred if a much higher air exchange is set, for example a ~0-fold or e~en greater air exchange per minute. For a proper ~5 disposal of the waste gases produced, the waste air from the installation is either cleaned by suitable filters, for example activa~ed carbon filters, or passed on to an ~ 7 ~ 2 ~ 7 ~3 incineration installation. If a combustion of the gases is not possible owing to theix chemical composition, not only a filter but also a condenser with following ap-paratus for fractionated distillation may be fitted at the end of the waste gas line.
This avoidance of explosions by a frequent air change offers the advantage over making the atmosphere inert, for example by means of nitrogen gas, that the installation is not operated under positive pressure but continuously under negative prassure without a sluice system, thereby avoiding emissions.
To reduce the risk of explosions urther, :it may be appropriate to install additionally an active ex-plosion suppression system with pressure sensors and an automatic powder extinguishing system. Explosion flaps are in any case to be provided. These systems are generally known and therefore need not be explained in any further detail here.
To dispose of the packing receptacles, which may ei~her be at leas~ partially empty or else still com-pletely full, it is preferred if the receptacles are ~irst of all presorted according to the packing recept-acle material, such as plastic, tin plate, black plate and aluminum. ~hereafter, they are passed on to a size-reduction apparatus, for example by means of a bucketelevatorl a ~lt con~eyor or by means of o~her suitable charging device~.
g 7 ~
In the si~e-reduction appar~tus, the receptacles are opened and reduced in siza, preferably by means of motor-driven, slow-running cutting tools, for example by means of cutting rollers. As a result, the accessible surface of the packing rec~ptacles i.s increased in size and remains which are able to flow can drip away ir-respective of the positlon. The p~c}cing receptacles are in this case usually reduced in size in the form of strips, the strip width generally being from 20 to 50 mm.
Size-reduction apparatuses are known per se and described for example in the publications German Patent 3,713,477 and US Patent 4,35b,9810 All other known size-reduction apparatuses are also suitable. Of course, the particular size-reduction apparatus is to be adapted as usual to the type and size of the packing receptacles to be reduced in si.ze. Furthermore, it is also possible to combine a plurality of size-reduction apparatuses in the form of a cascade, in order for example in this way to reduce the packing receptacles first of all to a preliminary size and then reduce them fuxther in ~ize.
The size-reduction apparatus is followed ~y at least one rotating screening drum, which is preferably arranged underneath the size-reduction apparatus and pointing down at an angle and into which the packing receptacles enter in the form of chips, for example via a chute. The connection between ~ize-reduction apparatus and screening drum is to be made gas-tight. Suitable _ 9 _ 2 ~ r¦ ~3 screening dr~ms generally have a diameter of from 1 to 3 m, the particular diameter being dependent on the size of the cutting frame and of the chut:e. Substantially bigger or substantially smaller screening drums may also be used. For cleaning the holes in the screening drum, the latter may be advantageously combined with a spiked roller.
The automatic cleaning-off of the size-reduced packing receptacles in this screening drum is assisted by the rotation of the drum. On the one hand, the rotational speed of the screening drum i5 not to be set too high here, so as to ensure that the remains which are able to flow drip off. Rotational speeds of ~ 5 rpm are generally suitable for this. On the other hand, the rotational speed must be high enough to ensure that the dried, solid residual contents are cleaned off by rubbing in the drum.
Furthermore, the rotational speed is dependent on the degree of filling. Usually rota~ional speeds of > 2 rpm are suitable for this. Owing to these different require-ments for the rotational speed of the screening drum, preferred embodiments comprise a combination of at least two screening drums having different rotational speeds or a graduation of the drum diameters with possi~ly also an angular cross-section.
If a plurality of screening drums are arranged in succession, the firs~ screening drum directly downstream of the size-reduction apparatus rotates ~lowly, lo- 2~ 3 preferably at a speed of less than or equal to 5 rpm, whereas the second screening drum rotates faster, prefer ably at a speed of greater than or equal to 2 rpm.
The same effect can be achieved by graduating the ` 5 drum diameters.
It is essential for the invention that a heated gas or gas mixture is admitted to the screening drum. The gas or gas mixture is generally at temperatures of from 40 to 150C, preferably from 80 to 120C, the temperature of the gas or gas mixture always being below the ignition temperature of the contents. The waste air from an incineration installation can be used for example as the heated ga~ mixture. The admission of hot air in this case firstly achieves an improvement in the flow of ~he liquid residual substances. A drying and complete outgassing of the residual sub~tance~ takes place in a second phase, enabling attached matter to burst.
The admission of hot air generally takes place in the region of the first third of the screening drumO
However, hot air can also be admitted advantageously to the size-reduction apparatus. In addition, it is of course also possible to feed the hot air in in the region between the size-reduct:ion apparatus and the screenins drum. Both the liquid separated from the packing recept-acle partR in the size reduction apparatus and the liquid separated from the said parts in the screening drum is caught for example in a pan or passed on for a suitable - 11- 2~ 7l3 disposal, for example incineration, by a slush pump or the like.
In cases where the receptacles have a high liquid content, it is also possible to inject for example between the working chamber of the size-reduction ap-paratus and the liquid fractiona~or (for example upstream of the first screening drum~ a liquid-hinding medium, such as for example sawdust.
As an alternative to this, it may be advantageous in some cases, depending on the contents, to inject one or more organic solvents into the screening drum and~or the working chamber of the size-reduction appara~us. To save costs, already used or contaminated solvents, for example wash solutions or the like, which would have to be disposed of in any case may be advantageously used for this purpose. The solvents are then passed on together with the dissolved liquid residual contents for a specific disposal, as already mentioned.
~he size-reduced and cleaned packing receptacle parts may be collected directly downstream of the screen-ing drum and passed on for reuse. ~o reduce ~he trans porting volume of the size-reduced parts, it i~ preferred however to compress the parts in a press following the screening drum and only then collect them in containers and pass them on for reuse.
The apparatus in question for disposing of packing receptacles is preferably combined with a 2 ~
hazardous waste incineration installation. Along with simple disposal of the waste air and liquids produced, this has the further advantages ~hat very high air exchanges in the installation, of for example 20-fold air exchanges/min, are easy to accomplish and there is no longer any need for expenditure on fans and filters. In addition, the waste heat from the incineration installa-tion can be used for the hot air feeding.
An exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained in further detail below with reference to the drawing. The figure shows an apparatus for a disposing of packing receptacles in diagrammatic representation.
It shows the housing 1, the belt conveyor 2, the filling hopper 3, the size-reduction apparatus with working chamber 4 and cutting rollers 5, the chute 6, the screening drum with graduated drum diameter, comprising a liquid fractioning section 7, an integra~ed conveying screw 8, a contacting section ~, a section 10 for separ-ating the sheet metal from the solid residues and a metal discharge 11, the collecting container 12 for liquids, the container 13 for solid residues and the collecting container 14 for the cleaned packing receptacle parts. To carry out the process, the packing receptacle~ of the s~me material, for example tin plate, collected in a container are passed on by means of a belt conveyor 2 to the filling hopper 3. From there, the packing receptacles pass into the working chamber 4I where they are opened - 13 - 2~ 7~
and reduced in size with the aid of cutting rollers 5.
The size-reduced packing receptacle parts pass via a chute 6 into the fractioning section 7 of the drum, designed as a screening drum. This screening drum 7 has a diameter of abou~ 3 m and a length of about 1.5 m. The length and diameter of this screening drum 7 are chosen in this case to be large enough for the height of the bed not to be too high, in order to ensure that the liquids can drip off easily. Due to the rotation of the screening drum 7, remains which are able to flow can drip off irrespective of the position. These remains which are able to flow are collected in the container 12. In order to prevent the holes in the screening drum from clogging, a spiked roller 15 is arran~ed above the screening drum.
The packing receptacle parts freed of the r~mains which are able to flow then pass from the screen-ing drum 7 into the contacting section 9 of the drum by means of a transition 8 with integrated conveying screw.
In order to keep down heat losses and arhieve intensive contacting of the materiall the contacting section 9 of the drum has a smaller diameter than the fractioning section 7 of the drum. For instance, the contacting section ~ has a diameter of only about 1 m when of a length of about 7 m. Due to the rotation of the druml an intensive rubbing of the matPrial, and consequently a dry cleaning-off of the material, is achieved in this section 9. This can be intensified by an angulax, preferably - - 14 - 2~ 7~
hexagonal, shaping of this drum section. The s~me effect can also be accomplished with a round cross-section of the drum by installing fins.
The fine-paxticled solid residual substances are separated from the packing receptacle parts in the following section 10 of the drum, again designed as a screening drum, and collected in th~e container 13. The cleaned packing receptacle parts pass via a metal dis-charge 11 with integrated conveying screw into the container 14, from where they can be passed on, if need be, to a packing press.
To improve the cleaning action, cold air is extracted from the filling hopper 3 and heated up by means of the heat exchanger 16. This air, heated to a temperature of from 80 to 120C, in this case accom-plishes firstly an improvement in the flow of the liquid residual substances and consequently a better cleaning in the screening drum 7. A drying and complete outgassing of the residual substances takes place in a second phase, enabling attached matter to burst. In order to prevent the hot air flowing past the contacting section 9, the housing l is made in two parts. It is sealed off in each case at the races of the drum bearings 17. Consequently, an uncontrolled escape of emissions is prevented. For the same reason, the collecting containers 12, 13 and 14, which are charged from the screening drum sections 7 and 10 as well as $he metal discharge 11, are located inside - 15 ~ 7~3 the housing. The transitional section 8 with integrated conveying screw is provided in order to achieve a very small cross-section of the contacting section and con-sequently a very effective utilization of the hot air stream. To reduce the risk of explosion, with the aid of a fan 20 an air stream is set in the working chamber 4 of the size-reduction apparatus, the chute 6, the screening drum wi~h li~uid fractionator 7, transition 8, con~acting section 9, drum section 10 and metal discharge 11 via a stack 18 and a waste gas line 19 in such a way that an at least 8-fold air exchange/min is ensured in the installation. The waste air is passed on to an inci.neration installation. In addition, an active ex-plosion suppression system 21 with pressure sensors and powder extinguishing system is installed. The complete housing 1 of the installation is provided on the upper side with explosion flapæ 22. In addition, a shut-off slide valve 23 is installed above the working chamber 4 of the size-reduction apparatus.
In cases of a high liquid content, a liquid-binding medium, or example sawdust, may also be injected by means of the device 24.
Claims (12)
1. A process for disposing of packing receptacles, in which
1. the packing receptacles are opened and reduced in size by means of a size-reduction apparatus (4,5), 2. the liquid and any fine-particled solid residual contents are separated, collected and passed on for a suitable disposal, 3. any gases produced are rarefied and carried away by a constant air stream and 4. the emptied and size-reduced packing receptacles are collected, wherein, following their size-reduction, the packing receptacles are passed through at least one rotating screening drum (7) and wherein a gas or gas mixture heated to a temperature of from 40 to 150°C, preferably from 80 to 120°C, is admitted to the size-reduction apparatus and/or the screening drum.
2. The process as claimed in claim 1, wherein a liquid-binding medium is additionally injected between the size-reduction apparatus (4,5) and the end of the screening drum (7).
3. The process as claimed in claim 1 or 2, where-in at least one additional solvent is fed into the size-reduction apparatus (4,5) and/or the screening drum (7).
4. The process as claimed in one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the packing receptacles are presorted according to the raw material base of the packing receptacle material before they are passed on for disposal.
5. The process as claimed in one of claims 1 to 4, wherein, following the screening drum (7), the size-reduced packing receptacles are passed through a press.
6. An apparatus for disposing of packing recept-acles, comprising 1.) a size-reduction apparatus (4,5) for opening and reducing the packing recep-tacles in size, 2.) an apparatus (20) for generating a con-stant air stream, by which any gases produced are rarefied and carried away, 3.) an apparatus for separating the liquid and any fine-particled solid residual contents from the packing receptacle material, 4.) a collecting container for the liquid and any fine-particled solid residual contents and 5.) a collecting container for the size reduced and cleaned packing receptacle parts wherein the apparatus has - 17a I.) at least one rotatable screening drum (7) for separating the liquid and any fine-particled solid residual contents and II.) in addition an apparatus (16) which is suitable for admitting hot air or gas heated to a temperature of from 40 to 150°C, preferably from 80 to 120°C, to the size-reduction apparatus and/or the screening drum.
7. The apparatus as claimed in claim 6, wherein the screening drum has graduated drum diameters.
8. The apparatus as claimed in claim 6 or 7, wherein an apparatus (24) for injecting a liquid-binding medium is arranged between the size-reduction apparatus and the end of the screening drum.
9. The apparatus as claimed in one of claims 6 to 8, wherein it has an additional apparatus for feeding at least one organic solvent into the size-reduction ap-paratus and/or into the screening drum.
10. The apparatus a claimed in one of claims 6 to 9, wherein it has an additional apparatus for sorting the packing receptacles for disposal according to the raw material base of the packing receptacle material.
11. The apparatus as claimed in one of claims 6 to 10, wherein it has a press for the size-reduced packing receptacle parts.
12. The apparatus as claimed in one of claims 6 to 11, wherein it has an apparatus for generating an air stream such that an at least 8-fold air exchange/min is ensured.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE4017319A DE4017319A1 (en) | 1990-05-30 | 1990-05-30 | Disposal of used packaging material - involves shredding and then separating liquid residues and fine solid particles |
| DEP4017319.4 | 1990-05-30 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CA2084070A1 true CA2084070A1 (en) | 1991-12-01 |
Family
ID=6407437
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA002084070A Abandoned CA2084070A1 (en) | 1990-05-30 | 1991-05-10 | Process and device for disposing of packings |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0530228B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE104575T1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR9106515A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2084070A1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE4017319A1 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK0530228T3 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2055989T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1991018687A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH07505829A (en) * | 1992-04-23 | 1995-06-29 | ラソアー・アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | How to treat packaging containing residue |
| US5814674A (en) * | 1992-04-23 | 1998-09-29 | Rathor Ag | Method for processing residue-containing packages |
| DE4219614A1 (en) * | 1992-06-16 | 1993-12-23 | Giebelstein Uwe Dipl Ing | Removal of environmentally damaging substances from pipes, plates etc. - includes placing items in oven through which heated gas is circulated removing recovered substances from circulating gas and from oven, which also has heated jacket |
| DE69417221D1 (en) * | 1994-06-30 | 1999-04-22 | Rhone Poulenc Agro S P A | Waste compacting method and apparatus |
| DE19535554A1 (en) * | 1995-09-25 | 1997-04-03 | Westab Engineering Gmbh | Procedure for crushing of containers used to hold reactive or dangerous substances |
| DE19652957C1 (en) * | 1996-12-19 | 1998-06-25 | Bayer Ag | Solid material extraction method for flexible containers |
| GB2469834A (en) * | 2009-04-29 | 2010-11-03 | Mil Tek Ltd | Aerosol container disposal |
| DE202011110570U1 (en) | 2010-12-13 | 2014-10-16 | Schaffrath Gbr (Vertretungsberechtigter Gesellschafter: Peter Schaffrath, 52382 Niederzier) | shredder |
| FR3023496B1 (en) * | 2014-07-10 | 2020-10-30 | Eco Emballages | AEROSOL CONTAINER PREPARATION DEVICE FOR THEIR DISPOSAL OR RECYCLING AND INSTALLATION, INCLUDING SUCH A DEVICE. |
| CN108435755B (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2019-11-26 | 张言敏 | Biohazard Waste recycling and processing device |
| CN108817027B (en) * | 2018-05-28 | 2021-07-30 | 南京溧水高新产业股权投资有限公司 | Solid-liquid separation method for kitchen waste |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4356981A (en) * | 1979-05-09 | 1982-11-02 | Hoveringham Group Limited | Aerosol disposal unit |
| DE3713477C1 (en) * | 1987-04-22 | 1988-09-01 | Basi Schoeberl Gmbh & Co | Device for crushing containers |
| DE3811486A1 (en) * | 1988-04-06 | 1989-10-19 | Teves Gmbh Alfred | DEVICE FOR THE DISPOSAL OF FUEL AND / OR REFRIGERANTS |
-
1990
- 1990-05-30 DE DE4017319A patent/DE4017319A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1991
- 1991-05-10 ES ES91909025T patent/ES2055989T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-10 BR BR919106515A patent/BR9106515A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-05-10 EP EP91909025A patent/EP0530228B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-10 CA CA002084070A patent/CA2084070A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-05-10 DK DK91909025.8T patent/DK0530228T3/en active
- 1991-05-10 DE DE59101455T patent/DE59101455D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-05-10 AT AT9191909025T patent/ATE104575T1/en active
- 1991-05-10 WO PCT/EP1991/000872 patent/WO1991018687A1/en active IP Right Grant
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE4017319A1 (en) | 1991-12-05 |
| DK0530228T3 (en) | 1994-09-26 |
| ES2055989T3 (en) | 1994-09-01 |
| WO1991018687A1 (en) | 1991-12-12 |
| ATE104575T1 (en) | 1994-05-15 |
| EP0530228B1 (en) | 1994-04-20 |
| DE59101455D1 (en) | 1994-05-26 |
| BR9106515A (en) | 1993-05-25 |
| EP0530228A1 (en) | 1993-03-10 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| EEER | Examination request | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued | ||
| FZDE | Discontinued |
Effective date: 19990510 |