NO127353B - - Google Patents
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- Publication number
- NO127353B NO127353B NO00152092A NO15209264A NO127353B NO 127353 B NO127353 B NO 127353B NO 00152092 A NO00152092 A NO 00152092A NO 15209264 A NO15209264 A NO 15209264A NO 127353 B NO127353 B NO 127353B
- Authority
- NO
- Norway
- Prior art keywords
- film
- films
- layer structure
- layer
- polyethylene
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000004627 regenerated cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 109
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 53
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 28
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 28
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 17
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 16
- 229920000298 Cellophane Polymers 0.000 description 14
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 13
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000005026 oriented polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 description 4
- OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3-phenylmethoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-4-carbaldehyde Chemical compound O=CC1=CSC(C=2C=C(OCC=3C=CC=CC=3)C=CC=2)=N1 OEPOKWHJYJXUGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920006327 polystyrene foam Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002239 polyacrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004758 synthetic textile Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001875 Ebonite Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001328 Polyvinylidene chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006284 nylon film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002984 plastic foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004023 plastic welding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005033 polyvinylidene chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002759 woven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/04—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating by means of a rolling mill
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C59/00—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor
- B29C59/02—Surface shaping of articles, e.g. embossing; Apparatus therefor by mechanical means, e.g. pressing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/06—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding
- B29C65/0681—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using friction, e.g. spin welding created by a tool
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/727—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined being porous, e.g. foam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/729—Textile or other fibrous material made from plastics
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
- B29C66/742—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to metals or their alloys
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
- B29C66/748—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29C66/742 - B29C66/746
- B29C66/7485—Natural fibres, e.g. wool, cotton
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
- B29C66/748—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29C66/742 - B29C66/746
- B29C66/7486—Paper, e.g. cardboard
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/74—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material
- B29C66/748—Joining plastics material to non-plastics material to natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29C66/742 - B29C66/746
- B29C66/7487—Wood
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
- B29C66/836—Moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined, e.g. transversely to the displacement of the parts to be joined, e.g. using a X-Y table
- B29C66/8362—Rollers, cylinders or drums moving relative to and tangentially to the parts to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
- B32B15/085—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/30—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers
- B32B27/304—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising vinyl (co)polymers; comprising acrylic (co)polymers comprising vinyl halide (co)polymers, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
- B32B38/0004—Cutting, tearing or severing, e.g. bursting; Cutter details
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B51/00—Devices for, or methods of, sealing or securing package folds or closures; Devices for gathering or twisting wrappers, or necks of bags
- B65B51/10—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof
- B65B51/22—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof by friction or ultrasonic or high-frequency electrical means, i.e. by friction or ultrasonic or induction welding
- B65B51/222—Applying or generating heat or pressure or combinations thereof by friction or ultrasonic or high-frequency electrical means, i.e. by friction or ultrasonic or induction welding by friction welding
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J5/00—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers
- C09J5/02—Adhesive processes in general; Adhesive processes not provided for elsewhere, e.g. relating to primers involving pretreatment of the surfaces to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/04—Dielectric heating, e.g. high-frequency welding, i.e. radio frequency welding of plastic materials having dielectric properties, e.g. PVC
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
- B29C65/08—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using ultrasonic vibrations
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B29C66/8187—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the electrical insulating constructional aspects
- B29C66/81871—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the electrical insulating constructional aspects of the welding jaws
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- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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- B29K2075/00—Use of PU, i.e. polyureas or polyurethanes or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2077/00—Use of PA, i.e. polyamides, e.g. polyesteramides or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/04—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped cellular or porous
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2313/00—Use of textile products or fabrics as reinforcement
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
- B29K2995/0018—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds having particular optical properties, e.g. fluorescent or phosphorescent
- B29K2995/002—Coloured
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2310/00—Treatment by energy or chemical effects
- B32B2310/027—Treatment by energy or chemical effects using friction
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2310/00—Treatment by energy or chemical effects
- B32B2310/028—Treatment by energy or chemical effects using vibration, e.g. sonic or ultrasonic
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
- B32B2323/04—Polyethylene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
- B32B2323/10—Polypropylene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C2601/00—Systems containing only non-condensed rings
- C07C2601/12—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring
- C07C2601/16—Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring the ring being unsaturated
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
- Y10T156/1002—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with permanent bending or reshaping or surface deformation of self sustaining lamina
- Y10T156/1007—Running or continuous length work
- Y10T156/1023—Surface deformation only [e.g., embossing]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
- Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor
- Y10T156/1052—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with cutting, punching, tearing or severing
- Y10T156/1054—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor with cutting, punching, tearing or severing and simultaneously bonding [e.g., cut-seaming]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
- Y10T428/24826—Spot bonds connect components
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
- Y10T428/31681—Next to polyester, polyamide or polyimide [e.g., alkyd, glue, or nylon, etc.]
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
- Y10T428/31909—Next to second addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Printing Methods (AREA)
- Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
Description
Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av en laminert eller sveiset lagstruktur, særlig laminater.
Nærværende oppfinnelse vedrorer forbedringer i klebefremgangs-måter og muliggjdr sikker klebning til ovårflater som normalt gir vanskeligheter.
Mange materialer frembyr store vanskeligheter når man
onsker å laminere dem, sveise dem, eller trykke på eller på annen måte dekorere dem. Mest fremtredende blant disse er
polyetylen og polypropylen.
Laminering eller sveising av plastmaterialer omfatter vanligvis bruken av spesielle klebemidler eller anvendelse av varme som smelter eller mykner plasten og derved medforer for-ringning av utseendet.
U.Sopatent nr. 2 679 969 beskrivar en metode for laminering
av plastfilmer hvor filmene anbringes oppå hverandre. På
denne måte kan man laminere f.eks. polyvinylidenklorid med polystyren. Patentet beskriver at det er noen indre bindings-krefter i materialene som gjor dette mulig. Polyetylen kan imidlertid ikke lamineres ved denne metode, og det oppnås ikke sammenheftende binding, da materialene kan skilles fra hverandre.
For polyetylen og andre vanskelig klebbaré plastmaterialer
er det blitt utviklet spesielle behandlingsmetoder som forandrer overflateegenskapene, slik at de lettere lar seg klebe (se f.eks. norsk patent nr. 104 042. Dette er ikke metoder for binding i seg selv, men metoder for å forbedre materialenes klebningsegenskaper overfor et senere påfort klebemiddel, med hvilket de kan bindes til et annet materiale.
Nærværende oppfinnelse vedrorer en fremgangsmåte for å forandre material-lags overflateegenskaper, hvorved de bringes til å klebe sammen. Behandlingen er utelukkende fysikalsk, og forandrer ikke de kjemiske egenskaper, og den kan være så svak at den har liten eller ingen virkning på glansen.
Oppfinnelsen vedrorer således en fremgangsmåte for frem-
stilling av en laminert eller sveiset lagstruktur (assembly)
av på hverandre anbragte lag av fast materiale omfattende i det minste et lag av en termoplast, og fremgangsmåten erkarakterisert vedat lagstrukturen i den ikke-laminerte og ikke-sveisede tilstand utsettes for friksjonsbehandling mot i det minste deler av en av dens ytre overflater ved anvendelse av tilstrekkelig trykk til å sikre at komponentene i sammensetningen kommer i kontakt med hverandre, idet den lineære hastighet for friksjonsbevegelsen relativt til overflaten er minst 50 cm/sek.
I praksis foretas friksjonsbehandlingen ved anordninger som hurtig-roterende borster, hjul, valser eller bevegelige bånd. Hjulene kan f.eks. være av filt, hårdgummi eller silikon. Graden av overflatemodifikasjonen kan varieres ved å variere hastigheten for friksjonsanordningen, trykket den utover mot filmen, arket eller lignende, og spenningen under hvilken den siste holdes. Når f.eks. små hjul med ca. 2,5 cm diameter anvendes for forsegling langs en linje, kan hjulhastigheten være fra noen hundre til 30.000 omdreininger pr. minutt eller mere. På lignende måte kan trykket med hvilket friksjonen utfores, varieres fra en meget svak kontakt - ved forsegling av en omvikling rundt en skjor pakke - til et trykk på flere kg. Forsegling (sveising) eller laminering av tynn film kan utfores under det svakeste trykk som overhodet gir kontakt. Generelt sagt er hastighet og trykk uavhengige av hverandre. En ytterligere variabel er den basis mot hvilken forseglingen eller lamineringen utfores. En polytetrafluoretylenbasis for eksempel krever vanligvis andre betingelser for hastighet og trykk enn de som kreves ved en metallbasis.
For sammensveising langs en smal linje kan friksjonen påfores ved hjelp av en wire eller tråd, og svakt eller sterkt trykk påfores ved:hjelp av et roterende hjul med forsenkninger eller en anordning med forsenkning. Filmen som skal forsegles ledes inn i forsenkningen mellom wiren eller tråden og hjulet eller . anordningen.
Dat er tidligere kjent at ikke-ledende folier, også plast-folier, kan opplades elektrisk ved gnidning. Fra DAS nr. 1 104 679 er det også kjent ved fremstillingen av laminater å bruke en potensial-differens som er fremskaffet på en slik måte.
Ikke i noe tilfelle er der en virkelig klebende binding som dannes, og disse folier kan lett skilles fra hverandre.
Man skulle anta at den ifolge oppfinnelsen oppnådde effekt også skyldtes utviklingen av en elektrostatisk ladning på materialoverflaten, men hvor en slik ladning utvikles, kan dens effekt bare være sekundær, da forbedret adhesjon kan oppnås ved å gni materialene under vann, altså under betingelser hvor enhver ladning som utvikles straks forsvinner. Dessuten, i det minste når det gjelder folier og filmer, er effekten en volumeffekt, da siden motsatt den som gnis, også utvikler klebende egenskaper.
Denne mulighet til å oppnå forbedret adhesjon av en overflate ved å gni den motsatte overflate, er av betraktelig verdi ved den praktiske anvendelse av oppfinnelsen, f.eks. ved laminering av to filmer eller ved forsegling av to lag film.
Naturen av materialet som anvendes for gnidningen er av
stor betydning. Ved polypropylenfilm som skal påfores trykkfarge på akrylbasis, vil gnidning med bomull bevirke adhesjon og fuktning i de gnidde områder. Gnidning med nylongarn har den motsatte effekt, idet de gnidde områder viser nedsatt fuktningsevne overfor trykkfargen, mens de omgivende arealer, i stedet for å beholde sin normale fra-stotning, i noen grad fuktes. Polyvinylklorid blir derimot fuktbart med trykkfargen når det gnis med bomull eller nylon eller i virkeligheten med de fleste andre materialer.
Et enkelt forsok vil vise hvorvidt et gitt gnidningsmateriale vil gi trykksverte-affinitet til en gitt overflate. En annen prove er å bestemme kontaktvinkelen for vann med den gnidde overflate. Dette er den prove som vanligvis utfores for å prove fuktningsevnen for behandlede polyetylenoverflater. Hvis en dråpe vann gir en kontaktvinkél på 80°, betraktes overflaten vanligvis tilstrekkelig fukbbar til å oppta vandige trykkfarger. Ved nærværende oppfinnelse kan proven ikke bare brukes til å bestemme egnetheten av et gitt gnidningsmateriale, men også til å bestemme den beste varighet og hastighet for gnidningen. Avsettes kontaktvinklene som funksjon av gnidnings-hastighetene ved en konstant varighet og av gnidningsperiodene ved konstant hastighet, kan man herav bestemme optimal hastighet og varighet.
Man kan oke den overflateaktivitet som fremkalles ved gnidningen, ved å utfore gnidningen mens filmen, arket eller lignende er i fast kontakt med en stiv overflate, fortrinnsvis en med hoy densitet, f.eks. et metall.
Som angitt foran kan de forbedrede adhesjonsegenskaper oppnås ved direkte friksjonsbehandling av overflaten, eller ved å utfore gnidningsbehandlingen gjennom et mellomliggende lag, slik som ikke belagt regenerert cellulosefilm (cellofan) eller polytetrafluoretylenfilm. Filmen nedenfor har da mindre tendens til klebning til dette mellomlag enn til det materiale man onsker at det skal klebe seg til. Danne fremgangsmåte er ofte fordelaktig, da den samtidig tjener til å beskytte overflaten som behandles.
Således kan i overensstemmelse med den nevnte prosess to filmer av polyetylen, polypropylen eller av en vinylidenklorid-plast legges oppå hverandre, dekkes med en film eller et ark av cellofan og gnis gjennom cellofanet og derved bindes til hverandre.
I noen tilfeller får det slik fremstilte laminat en hdyere glans enn det hadde for behandlingen, muligvis ved at "porene" i overflaten fylles. Varme er ikke nodvendig for å oppnå adhesj ons-effekten, men i noen tilfeller er det en fordel å forvarme eller for-kjole lagstrukturen på en eller annen måte.
Hvis det er onsket, kan filmen eller en av filmene som undergår laminering, samtidig monsterpreges eller dekoreres, f.eks. ved å anbringe et preget materiale under eller over den, slik at
en dekorativ finish som tilsvarer det pregede materiale, overfores til filmen. En pregningseffekt av denne art kan strekke seg gjennom hele lagstrukturen, eller den kan hindres i dette ved hjelp av en forholdsvis stiv film mellom den film eller de filmer som skal motta pregningen, og den eller de som skal forbli plane. Ved å anvende en sterkt preget underlagsplate kan man oppnå at sammenklebningen bare finner sted på de punkter eller områder som tilsvarer de opphoyede steder på den pregede overflate.
Videre kan lamineringsprosessen ha den virkning at polyetylen, som normalt er uklart, blir transparent. Denne virkning kan være særlig tiltrekkende når gnidningen utfores lokalt, ifolge et spesielt monster, f.eks. på en preget overflate. En av filmene kan på forhånd overtrekkes eller trykkes og derpå utsettes for prosessen i kontakt med en klar film. I noen tilfeller lamineres de to filmer sammen, og i andre lamineres eller overfores bare et tynt lag av den overtrukne eller trykkede film eller bare trykkbildet eller selve overtrekket til den klare film. Videre kan en av filmene være erstattet med papir, kartong eller tekstilmateriale.
Dat er tydelig at behandlingene i overensstemmelse med oppfinnelsen har en sterk virkning, ikke bare på overflateegenskapene for materialet, men også, da den forbedrede adhesjon utstrekker seg til den annen side av en behandlet film og gjennom den til filmer som er anbragt i side mot side, på volumegenskapene. Det er mulig at friksjonsbehandlingen forårsaker en re-orientering av molekylene ikke bare i overflaten men også i det indre. At en slik volumeffekt eksisterer, kan illustreres ved gnidningsbehandling av en film av polyetylen som normalt er meget uklar eller endog opak. Som et resultat av behandlingen avtar opasiteten inntil filmen til slutt er transparent.
Blant de materialer som kan behandles i overensstemmelse med nærværende oppfinnelse, er polyetylen, polypropylen og andre polyolefiner, polystyren, polyvinylklorid, polymerer og kopolymerer av vinylidenklorid og de hydrofobe akrylharpikser slik som polyakrylonitri1 og polymetylmetakrylat. Andre aktuelle materialer er polyesterfilm (polyetylentereftalat), polyamider, polyuretaner, celluloseacetat, papir (inklusive kartong), regenerert cellulosefilm og glassfiber. Slike materialer kan være overtrukket med egnede blandinger.
Lagstrukturene kan fremstilles av to eller flere filmer eller ark, eventuelt oppskummede sådanne, av forannevnte materialer, og de individuelle lag kan bestå av samme eller forskjellige polymerer, eller annet basismateriale. Oppfinnelsen er særlig egnet for laminering av papir eller tynn kartong til plastfilmer eller skumplastfiImer, f.eks. av polyolefiner. Dette er som for nevnt materialer som normalt kleber bare med storste vanskelighet og ved hjelp av spesielle klebemidler. Ved laminering av polyolefinfilmer eller lignende filmer til papir, tynn kartong eller andre materialer, som ikke kan smeltes, kan slike plastmaterialer ekstruderes direkte på det materialet de skal lamineres til, og nærværende oppfinnelse anvendes da, fortrinnsvis i en kontinuerlig fortsettelse, på en slik lagstruktur. Ytterligere kan plastovertrekket samtidig monsterpreges, f.eks. ved å presses mot et ikke vedheftende tekstil-stoff eller annet monstret materiale.
Oppfinnelsen kan også anvendes på laminering eller sammensveising av syntetiske tekstilstoffer, f.eks. av nylon, polyester eller polyakrylnitril, til filmer, ark eller skum eller til andre tekstiler (stoffer) som kan være fremstilt av naturlige eller syntetiske fibre. En særlig anvendelse av stoff-til-stoff eller stoff-til-film laminatene er for halvstive kraver eller halvstive stoffer for skredderibransjen. Her er det nå vanlig å lage en lagstruktur som består av en vevnad eller film, fremstilt av et opplbselig eller smeltbart materiale, med en overlagt vevnad av bomull eller andre naturlige fibre, og derpå laminere ved hjelp av opplosningsmidler eller varme. Hverken opplosningsmidler eller varme er nodvendig ifolge nærværende oppfinnelse.
Innlegg, slik som metall, wire, tråder, metalliske eller
andre partikler, kan være innlagt i materialoverflåtene eller kan innesluttes i laminatene eller sveisesommene som fremstilles etter oppfinnelsen. Slike innlegg kan være rent dekorative ellar også nyttige. Anvendes metall- eller sot-partikler, kan et elektrisk ledende lag dannes, og innlegges en tynn metallwire eller en sterk tråd i en sveisesom, får man et hendig middel til å åpne forseglingen. Ved å laminere en rekke wirer eller tråder til et plastbånd, kan en kraftig rivremse anordnes for anvendelse ved tunge forpakninger.
Når et roterende verktoy anvendes for å forsegle eller sveise sammen to eller flere materiallag, er det en enkel sak å for-årsake en samtidig skjæring av lagene innenfor eller inntil sveisesommen. Når kanten av en poleringsskive brukes til å frembringe friksjonen, kan man for eksempel ved en svak skrå-stilling av verktoyet oppnå samtidig sveising og oppdeling. Eventuelt kan verktoyet utstyres med en skjærekniv på den ene side av friksjonsoverflaten for å skjære inntil sveisesommen eller kniven kan befinne seg innenfor friksjonsoverflaten slik at det sveises på begge sider av snittet.
Ett av lagene som skal lamineres, kan være i form av et smeltet ekstrudert materiale eller en nettopp dannet, opplosningsstopt film. Polyetylen er meget vanskelig å laminere til papir eller lignende, selv om det sistnevnte på forhånd er overtrukket med
klebemiddel. I overensstemmelse med nærværende oppfinnelse kan imidlertid den varme smeltede film dekkes med papiret (eller
lignende), og papiret (eller lignende) dekkes med et lag av polytetrafluoretylen og/eller cellofan, og det hele utsettes for en friksjonsbehandling.
De folgende eksempler illustrerer oppfinnelsen. I alle tilfeller hvor bestanddelene av en lagstruktur angis, begynner listen med bunnlaget, og angir materialene i deres rekkefolge i strukturen..
EKSEMPEL 1
En film av regenerert cellulose anbringes over to filmer av polyetylen. En motordreven filtpoleringsanordning som roterer med 25.000 omdreininger pr. minutt trekkes over cellofanet som forblir upåvirket av behandlingen. De underliggende poly-etylenfilmer forsegles eller lamineres sammen. Gnidxiings-behandlingen kan lokaliseres langs bestemte linjer eller områder slik at det fremkommer et monster, eller jevnt over hele overflaten. Med en Dremel poleringsmaskin med en passeringshastighet over cellofanet på ca. 3 meter pr. minutt oppnås meget gode resultater, men storre hastigheter kan brukes hvis motorhastigheten okes. Trykket kan være ganske lett med tynne filmer, men en svak okning av trykket er onskelig når tykkere filmer eller ark lamineres eller forsegles og det riktige trykk kan også avhenge av molekylvekten av polyetylenet.
EKSEMPEL 2
Eksempel 1 gjentas, idet det nedre lag av polyetylen erstattes med kartong eller tekstilmateriale. En motorhastighet på 27.000 omdreininger pr. minutt brukes, og passeringshastigheten reduseres til 150 cm pr. minutt mens noe hoyere trykk anvendes.
EKSEMPEL 3
Eksempel 1 gjentas, idet polyetylenfilmen erstattes med tynn vinylidenkloridfilm (Såran wrap). Den samme art behandling kan anvendes ved laminering av forholdsvis tykke polyvinylklorid-fiImer, f.eks. 0,2 mm tykke.
EKSEMPEL 4
Regenerert cellulose, utstyrt med et cellulosenitrat-belegg, legges med belegget ned oppå en celluloseacetatfilm og behandles med poleringsmaskinen, som roterer med 27.000 omdreininger pr. minutt og trekkes over enheten med ca. 150 cm pr. minutt. De to lag lamineres sammen.
EKSEMPEL 5
En lagstruktur fremstilles slik:
a) en metallplate som bærer et kryssmonster i relieff, eller en plan metallplate med en pålagt tynn metallgrill,
b) et lag farget polyetylenfilm
c) to lag ikke farget polyetylenfilm
d) et lag regenerert cellulosefilm.
Et filtpoleringshode som roterer med 27.000 omdreininger pr.
minutt, fores over topplaget (d) med en hastighet på 150 cm pr. minutt og under noe trykk, og derved lamineres de tre polyetylenfiImer sammen og opptrer som en eneste farget film som bærer en pregning tilsvarende relieffmonsteret på underlagsplaten. De deler av laminatet som har hvilt mot underlags-platens oppstikkende deler, er markert mere transparente enn resten.
EKSEMPEL 6
En lagstruktur sammensettes som folger:
a) en metallplate
b) et farget ark celluloseacetat
c) to filmer av stopt polypropylen
d) en film av regenerert cellulose.
Friksjon fremskaffes fra et filt- eller gummipoleringshode som
roterer med 27.000 omdreininger pr. minutt og fores over enheten med 150 cm pr. minutt under svakt trykk. Et tynt skikt av det fargede celluloseacetat fester seg til de to polypropylen-filmer som lamineres.
EKSEMPEL 7
En lagstruktur sammensettes av:
a) en eller annen myk underlagsplate dekket av en film av regenerert cellulose
b) to lag av orientert polypropylen
c) en trykket film av regenerert cellulose med trykksverte-siden vendt mot polypropylenfiImen
Propylenfilmene lamineres, og trykkbildet overfores til laminatet ved hjelp av den friksjon som utoves mot overflaten av topplaget.
EKSEMPEL 8
Lagstrukturen sammensettes av:
a) en underlagsplate
b) en film av regenerert cellulose, hvis underlagsplaten ikke er av metall
c) to filmer av polyetylen
d) en film av regenerert cellulose
e) to filmer av polyetylen
f) en film av regenerert cellulose
g) to filmer av polyetylen
h) en film av regenerert cellulose.
Et filthjul som roterer med en hastighet på ca. 27.000
omdreininger pr. minutt fores over overflaten i en rett linje med en lineær hastighet på 150 cm pr. minutt og under et trykk på o 100-200 g/cm 2. Alle tre par polyetylenfilm forsegles separat.
EKSEMPEL 9
Enheten sammensettes av:
a) en underlagsflate
b) en film av regenerert cellulose, hvis overflaten ikke er av metall og hvis laminering til den ikke er onskelig
c) to filmer av stopt polypropylen
d) to filmer av polyetylen
e) to filmer av orientert polypropylen
f) en film av regenerert cellulose.
Et filthjul fores over overflaten under betingelsene som er
angitt i eksempel 8 ovenfor. Forsegling opptrer mellom like filmer, men ikke mellom ulike filmer.
EKSEMPEL 10
I den folgende lagstruktur oppnådde man adhesjon mellom
ulike filmer:
a) en underlagsplate
b) en orientert polypropylenfilm
c) to lag av polyetylenfilm
d) en orientert polypropylenfilm
e) en film av regenerert cellulose.
Et filthjul roteres med ca. 27.000 omdreininger pr. minutt og
trekkes tvers over overflaten av lagstrukturen med en hastighet på ca. 2,5 cm pr. sekund. Fast adhesjon bemerkes særlig mellom den nedre orienterte polypropylenfilm og polyetylenet, som også forsegles til seg selv.
I alle disse eksempler kan en reduksjon i hjultrykket kompen-seres ved å oke hastigheten på filthjulet. Ved en hastighet på 27.000 omdreininger pr. minutt er lite eller intet trykk nddvendig, og poleringsanordningen fores helt lost over overflaten.
EKSEMPEL 11
En lagstruktur lages som folger:
a) et underlagsmateriale slik som et polyesterark.
b) en film av stopt polypropylen
c) en glassfibervevnad
d) en film av stopt polypropylen
e) et ark kalkérlerret (polyesterimpregnert).
Et poleringshode av filt (Dremel), som roterer med 25.000 omdreininger pr. minutt, fores med ca. 75 cm pr. minutt og under noe trykk (ca. 70 g/cm 2) over kalkérlerretet. Det vevede fiberglass lamineres mellom de to filmer av stopt polypropylen.
EKSEMPEL 12
En lagstruktur lages som folger:
a) et stykke finér
b) en film polyetylen
c) et ark papir
d) en film orientert polypropylen
e) en film regenerert cellulose.
Filtpoleringsanordningen som roterer med 25.000 omdreininger
pr. minutt fores flere ganger over enheten med en lineær hastighet på 50 cm pr. minutt og under et trykk på ca.
100-200 g/cm<2>.
EKSEMPEL 13
En lagstruktur lages som folger:
a) et ark polytetrafluoretylen
b) et ark papir
c) et lag krympbar orientert polypropylenfilm
d) et vevet stoff av polypropylengarn eller -monofilamenter
e) et annet lag krympbar orientert polypropylenfilm
f) en film regenerert cellulose.
Poleringshodet fores over enheten som beskrevet i eksempel 2.^ C'"~__
og papiret, polypropylenstoffet og de orienterte polypropylen" filmer lamineres sammen.
EKSEMPEL 14
Et messingtrådinnlaqq i polyetylen
En lagstruktur lages som folger:
a) et underlagsark av polytetrafluoretylen
b) tre ark sterk polyetylenfilm
c) et messingwireinnlegg
d) tre ark sterk polyetylenfilm
e) en film regenerert cellulose.
Poleringshodet, med en hastighet på ca. 25.000 omdreininger
pr. minutt, fores flere ganger over lagstrukturen som beskrevet i eksempel 2, inntil plastarkene er sveiset sammen, og wiren innleiret mellom disse.
EKSEMPEL 15
Sammenbinding av tekstiler
En lagstruktur lages som folger:
a) et ark polytetrafluoretylen som underlagsmateriale
b) et nylonstoff
c) et nylonstoff
d) en film regenerert cellulose.
Et poleringshode av hård filt som roterer med 27.000 omdreininger
pr. minutt, beveges over enheten med ca. 150 cm pr. minutt og under svakt trykk, hvorved de to tekstilmaterialer sveises sammen. Fremgangsmåten kan anvendes også for å laminere uensartede tekstiler, f.eks. for å danne laminater av naturlige og syntetiske tekstilstoffer.
EKSEMPEL 16
Laminering av skumpolystyren til papir.
En lagstruktur lages som folger:
a) en metallplate
b) et ark dekorativt polystyrenskum
c) et tynt ark papir
d) en film regenerert cellulose.
Et mykt filthode anbringes på Dremel poleringsanordningen som
bringes til å rotere med 20.000 omdreininger pr. minutt.
Hodet fores med stor hastighet (300 cm pr. minutt), men med
lavt trykk over enheten. Papiret lamineres til polystyren-skummet uten noen merkbare forandringer i skumsammensetningen.
EKSEMPEL 17
Laminering av skumpolyuretan til polyester
En lagstruktur lages som folger:
a) en metallplate
b) et lag polyuretanskum
c) en polyesterfilm
d) en film regenerert cellulose
Et hårdt filtholde som roterer med 25.000 omdreininger pr.
minutt, fores under svakt trykk over enheten med en lineær hastighet på 75 cm pr. minutt. Polyesterfilmen sveises til skummet.
EKSEMPEL 18
To lag biaksialt orientert isotaktisk polypropylenfilm legges oppå hverandre og gnis av et motordrevet poleringshjul
(silikon-overflate og hastighet 25.000 omdreininger pr. minutt)
som trekkes over .dem i svak kontakt med en hastighet på ciS;"" pr. sekund mens de er understottet på en aluminiumplate. De to filmer forsegles eller sveises sammen over det hele gnidde r: i område. I motsetning til vanlig varmeforseglingsprosess er det liten eller ingen tendens hos filmene til å danne rynker .^r, .. eller folder i forseglingssonen.
EKSEMPEL 19
Polypropylenfilm, som anvendt i eksempel 18, anbringes på et stoff vevet av polypropylenfiber. Et filtpoleringshjul trekkes over enheten som beskrevet i eksempel 18 og forårsaker sammensveising av filmen og stoffet.
EKSEMPEL 20
To lag biaksialt orientert isotaktisk polypropylenfilm legges oppå hverandre og gnis av et motordrevet silikonpoleringshjul som fores over dem mens de er understøttet på en aluminiumplate. De to filmer forsegles eller sveises sammen over hele det gnidde område. I motsetning til vanlig varmeforseglingsprosess sr det liten eller ingen tendens til dannelse av rynker.
EKSEMPEL 21
Laminering av uovertrukket cellofan til polyesterskum.
Enheten sammensettes av:
a) en metallplate
b) polyesterskum
c) uovertrukken cellofanfilm.
Et mykt filthjul som roterer med ca. 30.000 omdreininger pr.
minutt fores over cellofanet og forårsaker at det hefter til polyesterskummet.
Hvis et stort område skal lamineres, erstattes filthjulet av en hurtig roterende filttrukket valse.
EKSEMPEL 22
Laminering av uovertrukket cellofan til " Såran"- folie
Enheten sammensettes av:
a) et tykt ark polytetrafluoretylen
b) en folie av vinylklorid/vinylidenklorid-kopolymer
c) en film av uovertrukket cellofan
d) en film av uovertrukket cellofan
Et mykt filthjul som roterer med ca. 30.000 omdreininger pr. minutt påforer friksjon til den ovre cellofanfilm og laminerer den nedre film til "Såran"-folien.
Den samme enhet kan brukes for å oppnå noe adhesjon mellom en nylonfilm eller polyesterfilm og cellofan, men oket trykk og hastighet er nodvendig.
Claims (4)
1. Fremgangsmåte for fremstilling av en laminert eller sveiset lagstruktur (assembly) av på hverandre anbragte lag av fast materiale omfattende i det minste et lag av en termoplast,karakterisert vedat lagstrukturen i den ikke-laminerte og ikke-sveisede tilstand utsettes for friksjonsbehandling mot i det minste deler av en av dens ytre overflater ved anvendelse av tilstrekkelig trykk til å sikre at komponentene i sammensetningen kommer i kontakt med hverandre, idet den lineære hastighet for friksjonsbevegelsen relativt til overflaten er minst 50 cm/sek.
2.Fremgangsmåte etter krav 1,karakterisertved at friksjonsbehandlingen utfores på lagstrukturen gjennom et lag av et materiale som er motstandsdyktig mot vedhefting.
3. Fremgangsmåte etter krav 2,karakterisertved at det mot vedhefting motstandsdyktige materiale er fremstilt av uovertrukket regenerert cellulose.
4. Fremgangsmåte etter krav 1,karakterisert vedat lagstrukturen under friksjonsbehandlingen holdes i trykk-kontakt med en sterkt preget bakgrunn, hvorved forsegling finner sted ved punkter som tilsvarer toppene i den pregede bakgrunn.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB732663A GB1080442A (en) | 1963-02-22 | 1963-02-22 | Adhesive and allied processes and products obtained thereby |
GB2526563 | 1963-06-25 | ||
GB3967563 | 1963-10-08 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
NO127353B true NO127353B (no) | 1973-06-12 |
Family
ID=27254995
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NO00152092A NO127353B (no) | 1963-02-22 | 1964-02-20 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3418196A (no) |
CH (2) | CH460598A (no) |
DE (1) | DE1571045C3 (no) |
FR (2) | FR1584952A (no) |
GB (1) | GB1080442A (no) |
NO (1) | NO127353B (no) |
SE (1) | SE338850B (no) |
Families Citing this family (30)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1080442A (en) * | 1963-02-22 | 1967-08-23 | Luc Penelope Jane Vesey | Adhesive and allied processes and products obtained thereby |
GB1385473A (en) * | 1966-09-01 | 1975-02-26 | Luc Penelope Jane Vesey | Bonding |
US3508991A (en) * | 1966-12-28 | 1970-04-28 | Du Pont | Process of making bonded batts of microcellular filaments |
DE2102020A1 (de) * | 1971-01-16 | 1972-09-21 | Luc J | Klebeverfahren, Einrichtungen zur Durchfuhrung des Verfahrens und Anwen düngen des Verfahrens |
DE2116354A1 (de) * | 1971-04-03 | 1972-10-19 | Kabel Metallwerke Ghh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mittels Ultraschalls verschweißbaren Materials aus Polyvinylchlorid |
US3899377A (en) * | 1971-10-20 | 1975-08-12 | Penelope Jane Vesey Luc | Bonding aluminium |
JPS5840490B2 (ja) * | 1978-06-20 | 1983-09-06 | ワイケイケイ株式会社 | 熱可塑性合成樹脂製フアスナ−エレメントの上下脚部の溶着方法および装置 |
FR2446775A1 (fr) * | 1979-01-19 | 1980-08-14 | Scal Gp Condit Aluminium | Conditionnement en emballages soudes par frottement |
US4333978A (en) * | 1979-03-29 | 1982-06-08 | Walter Kocher | Method and apparatus for producing a composite material having ultrasonically welded seams which confine strands |
US4305988A (en) * | 1979-03-29 | 1981-12-15 | Koecher Walter | Composite material comprising ultrasonically welded seams which combine strands, method for its manufacture, and apparatus for the carrying out of the method |
JPS575777A (en) * | 1980-06-12 | 1982-01-12 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | Method for bonding part to formed product |
US4479834A (en) * | 1982-11-19 | 1984-10-30 | Signode Corporation | Article strapping method and apparatus |
US4483438A (en) * | 1982-11-19 | 1984-11-20 | Signode Corporation | Film strap weld |
EP0152189A3 (en) * | 1984-01-25 | 1987-12-09 | Luc Technologies Limited | Bonding electrical conductors and bonded products |
DE3506144A1 (de) * | 1985-02-22 | 1986-08-28 | kabelmetal electro GmbH, 3000 Hannover | Verfahren zur herstellung eines waermeisolierten leitungsrohres |
US5082160A (en) * | 1990-01-10 | 1992-01-21 | Gas Research Institute | Apparatus and process for ultrasonic seam welding stainless steel foils |
US5345747A (en) * | 1993-02-19 | 1994-09-13 | Raque Food Systems, Inc. | Ultrasonic sealing apparatus and method |
WO1996022875A1 (en) * | 1995-01-27 | 1996-08-01 | Andersen Corporation | Vibratory welded window and door joints, method and apparatus for manufacturing the same |
GB2329133A (en) * | 1997-07-26 | 1999-03-17 | Refinish Systems | Keying vehicle bodies and vehicle body parts. |
US6460752B1 (en) | 2000-04-04 | 2002-10-08 | The Boeing Company | Method of friction stir welding with grooved backing member |
US9266191B2 (en) | 2013-12-18 | 2016-02-23 | Aeroprobe Corporation | Fabrication of monolithic stiffening ribs on metallic sheets |
US9511446B2 (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2016-12-06 | Aeroprobe Corporation | In-situ interlocking of metals using additive friction stir processing |
US8875976B2 (en) | 2005-09-26 | 2014-11-04 | Aeroprobe Corporation | System for continuous feeding of filler material for friction stir welding, processing and fabrication |
US8632850B2 (en) | 2005-09-26 | 2014-01-21 | Schultz-Creehan Holdings, Inc. | Friction fabrication tools |
US20080041921A1 (en) | 2005-09-26 | 2008-02-21 | Kevin Creehan | Friction stir fabrication |
US9511445B2 (en) | 2014-12-17 | 2016-12-06 | Aeroprobe Corporation | Solid state joining using additive friction stir processing |
WO2011058587A1 (en) * | 2009-11-12 | 2011-05-19 | Gaspari S.R.L | Process for welding articles made of cellulose acetate or mixtures thereof |
WO2013002869A2 (en) | 2011-04-07 | 2013-01-03 | Schultz-Creehan Holdings, Inc. | System for continuous feeding of filler material for friction stir fabrication and self-reacting friction stir welding tool |
DE102014214035A1 (de) * | 2014-07-18 | 2016-01-21 | Homag Holzbearbeitungssysteme Gmbh | Verfahren, Vorrichtung und Syntheseelement zum Verbinden eines Kantenmaterials mit einem Werkstück |
KR102273514B1 (ko) | 2017-10-31 | 2021-07-06 | 멜드 매뉴팩쳐링 코포레이션 | 고체-상태의 첨가제 제조 시스템 및 재료 조성물 및 구조 |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1731390A (en) * | 1927-01-07 | 1929-10-15 | Courtney N Mitchell | Method of and apparatus for welding tubes |
US2032271A (en) * | 1933-10-25 | 1936-02-25 | Winford L Enghauser | Pipe forming process |
GB572989A (en) * | 1942-06-13 | 1945-11-01 | Fritz Frank | A process for the production of condensation products from thiocyanates with formaldehyde |
US2404073A (en) * | 1944-11-25 | 1946-07-16 | Royal Lace Paper Works | Method of making ornamental articles |
US2457659A (en) * | 1946-09-19 | 1948-12-28 | Dow Chemical Co | Apparatus for high-speed welding of thermoplastic films |
US2579589A (en) * | 1947-02-25 | 1951-12-25 | American Felt Co | Storage battery separator |
US2633894A (en) * | 1948-04-21 | 1953-04-07 | Raytheon Mfg Co | Plastic welding |
US2733180A (en) * | 1952-02-28 | 1956-01-31 | Method of printing on plastic | |
US2737764A (en) * | 1953-01-30 | 1956-03-13 | Lewis J Clyde | Method and apparatus for packaging articles |
US2801949A (en) * | 1953-05-26 | 1957-08-06 | Du Pont | Process of making patent leather-like finish on polyvinyl chloride sheet materials |
US3265551A (en) * | 1962-04-23 | 1966-08-09 | Gen Motors Corp | Dielectric embossing method for making piped materials |
GB1080442A (en) * | 1963-02-22 | 1967-08-23 | Luc Penelope Jane Vesey | Adhesive and allied processes and products obtained thereby |
NL6413790A (no) * | 1964-11-27 | 1966-05-31 |
-
1963
- 1963-02-22 GB GB732663A patent/GB1080442A/en not_active Expired
-
1964
- 1964-02-13 DE DE1571045A patent/DE1571045C3/de not_active Expired
- 1964-02-18 US US34556164 patent/US3418196A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1964-02-20 SE SE209464A patent/SE338850B/xx unknown
- 1964-02-20 NO NO00152092A patent/NO127353B/no unknown
- 1964-02-21 FR FR964598A patent/FR1584952A/fr not_active Expired
- 1964-02-21 CH CH224064A patent/CH460598A/fr unknown
-
1971
- 1971-03-08 CH CH338271A patent/CH528989A/fr not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-03-09 FR FR7108140A patent/FR2128169A2/fr active Granted
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE1571045C3 (de) | 1978-10-12 |
GB1080442A (en) | 1967-08-23 |
US3418196A (en) | 1968-12-24 |
FR2128169B2 (no) | 1975-01-17 |
DE1571045B2 (de) | 1978-02-02 |
DE1571045A1 (de) | 1970-10-22 |
FR1584952A (no) | 1970-01-09 |
CH528989A (fr) | 1972-10-15 |
FR2128169A2 (en) | 1972-10-20 |
CH460598A (fr) | 1968-07-31 |
SE338850B (no) | 1971-09-20 |
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